WCDMA RF Optimization Cases

WCDMA Radio Frequency Optimization
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Foreword
RF (Radio Frequency) optimization is the most important step to ensure the quality of the network. RF optimization will solve network problems related to neighbor cell list, coverage and interference.
Page2
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Know the steps of RF optimization Know how to solve the RF problems cased by neighbor cell list, poor coverage and interference
Page3
Contents
RF Optimization Workflow
Typical Problems Analysis in RF optimization
Page4
Start Preparation: Set the optimization target Divide the optimization cluster Draw out the test route line Prepare the DT tools
Data Collection: DT test Indoor DT test RNC configuration data
Adjustment: Engineering parameters adjust Neighbor cell list adjust
The DT result is satisfied with optimization target?
Y
RF optimization finished
Problem Analysis neighbor cell list poor coverage pilot pollution handover interference
Page5
Set RF optimization target, for example:
Target Item Coverage Probability CPICH Ec/Io -12dB CPICH RSCP -95dBm SHO Percentage Pilot pollution Percentage Reference Value 95% 95% 95% 30%-40% 5% Remark CPICH Ec/Io -12dB & RSCP -95dBm Scanner result Scanner result
Page6
RF optimization clusters division
Cluster is the area for one time drive test One cluster should contains 15 to 25 sites Cluster division should consider the following factor, such as:
Terrain Traffic Route line
Page7
Preparation for DT (drive test)
Hardware
Test phone Scanner GPS
Software
Drive test software, for example, GENEX Probe Drive test post process software, for example, GENEX Assistant
Page8
Contents
Preparation of RF Optimization
Page9
Contents
Typical Problems Analysis in RF optimization RF case related to neighbor cell list
RF case related to bad coverage RF case related to interference
Page10
Case 1
Description
In DT, call drop happened Check the signaling trace at UE side
Call Drop
After call drop, begin to read system information
Page11
Case 1
Data analysis
Check cell information from UE active set and cell information from scanner at call drop points.
From UE From Scanner
No SC 170 cell!! Why?
Page12
Case 1
Data analysis
Checking monitor set
Check monitor set for the scramble measured by scanner SC 170 is not in monitor set
Missing neighbor cell Delayed handover
Page13
Case 1
Data analysis
Check the latest measurement control
Search for the latest intrafrequency measurement control
Call drop point
Page14
Case 1
Measurement ID is 1. It is Intrafrequency measurement control
The primary scramble of the cell is 6
Check the list of intra-frequency neighbor cell in measurement control and no SC 170
Page15
Case 1
Solution
Add neighbor cells in neighbor cell list
Summary
In the beginning stage of network, it is very common that missing neighbor cell cased cause call drop. Analysis with signaling procedure is the common way to find and solve the problem Some problems can be avoided if the Combined Neighbor Cell Algorithm is switched on.
Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page16
Case 2
Phenomenon description
In DT, call drop happened at cell A
Cell B (PSC277)
Cell A (PSC58)
Page17
Case 2
Phenomenon description
In Cell A, UE keeps reporting PSC 277 1A event. RNC received this event and send Active Set Update to UE according to the signaling trace record UE send Active Set Update complete to RNC Then, RNC send Active Set Update to delete PSC 277 from active set Finally call drop happened due to RL failure
Page18
Case 2
Problem Analysis
From the signaling trace of DT, it looks like the handover is complete successfully. But, according to the signaling trace from CDT, the handover failed actually.
Page19
Case 2
Problem Analysis
Signaling trace from CDT shows:
UE NodeB Measurement control (1A Event for PSC 227) Radio Link Setup Radio Link Setup Response Active set update Active set update complete Radio Link Failure RNC
Page20
Case 2
Problem Analysis
Cell C (PSC277)
After checking the neighbor cell list, the following problem is found Cell C has the same PSC as Cell B
Cell A (PSC58) Cell B (PSC277)
Page21
Case 2
Problem Analysis
The neighbor cell list shows
Cell ID A B C
Missing configuring NCell
PSC 58 277 277

Cell A (PSC58)
Cell ID A C
NCell ID C A
Mistake for configuring NCell
Cell B (PSC277)
Cell C (PSC277)
Page22
Case 2
Problem Analysis
Based on the analysis above, the new NodeB is not the one of cell B, but the one of cell C Even the cell C prepared resource for UE according to the RNC command of Radio Link Setup, it can not find the UE uplink signal. That does why the Radio Link Failure is sent by NodeB
Page23
Case 2
Solution
Change the wrong neighbor cell list
Page24
Case 2
Summary
Phenomenon for wrong neighbor cell list
From DT, radio link branch is added into active set, then deleted from active set repeatedly. SHO success rate is low Radio link failure is low in the wrong neighbor cell, for example, cell C in case 2 Call drop is high in the cell with wrong neighbor cell, for example, cell A in case 2
Page25
Case 2
Summary
About SHO event, UE will only report PSC to RNC in Measurement Report RNC will find the right cell according to the neighbor cell list between cell ID and PSC This problem is mainly happened in dense urban when is PSC is reused a lot
Page26
Case 3
Description
14605 (Frequency C)
Call drop rate high

14603 (Frequency A) 14602 (Frequency B) 14031 (Frequency B)
Inter-frequency handover based on capacity Inter-frequency handover based on coverage
Page27
Case 3
Description
UE is in Cell 14602 with frequency B When 14602 is in high load level, UE will be handed over to 14603 with another frequency A When 14603 is in high load level, UE will be handed over to 14605 with frequency C Because frequency A and C are not used continuously at this area, UE has to be handed over to Cell 14031 with frequency B 14603 and 14605 can share the load level, but the call drop rate in 14603 is very high.
Case 3
Analysis
Because its difficult to do drive test for collecting signaling trace, the IOS (Information of Subscriber) trace is used. Based on the analysis for the call dropped UE, there is one thing is common:
Before call drop in 14603, all UEs initiated compress mode, and send Measurement Report to RNC periodically, but handover is not triggered.
Page29
Case 3
Analysis
2D Event
Compress mode Inter-frequency measurement control
Inter-frequency Measurement report
Page30
Case 3
Analysis
Open Inter-frequency Measurement Control, the Cell 14605 with frequency C is put in the first place And in the following measurement report, UE only report Cell 14605 But the cell 14605 cell signal level is lower than -90dBm, which can not trigger handover, till call drop.
Page31
Case 3
Analysis
Measurement Control
Cell 14605 with Frequency C
Cell 14031 with Frequency B
Page32
Case 3
Analysis
Measurement Report
Cell 14605 with Frequency C
Cell 14605 CPICH & Ec/Io
Page33
Case 3
Question
Why the handover can not be triggered? Since the network give UE the information of cell 14605 and cell 14031, Why UE only report cell 14605? Did UE measure cell 14031, just not report it? Or, UE never measure cell 14031, just 14605?
Page34
Case 3
Analysis
UE report cell 14605 CPICH RSCP is 19, which is -96dBm. After checking the RNC configuration file, this CPICH RSCP level can not trigger inter-frequency handover Actually, because cell 14605 and 14603 are in one sector, their signal level should be same.
Page35
Case 3
Analysis
If UE can report cell 14031, the handover may be triggered After analyze the compress mode principle, it is found that UE can only monitor 1 WCDMA frequency in the gap of compress mode.
Page36
Case 3
Analysis
Because UE can not measure cell 14031 with frequency B, only monitor cell 14605 with frequency C, and meanwhile cell 14605 and 14603 signal level are the same, the call dropped due to the poor signal of 14605 and 14603 How to make UE monitor cell 14031 with frequency B instead of 14605 with frequency C?
Page37
Case 3
Solution
Delete the neighbor relation from 14603 with frequency A to 14605 with frequency C Add the neighbor relation from 14602 with frequency B to 14605 with frequency C
Page38
Case 3
Solution
14605 (Frequency C) 14603 (Frequency A) 14602 (Frequency B) 14031 (Frequency B)
Inter-frequency handover based on capacity Inter-frequency handover based on coverage
Page39
Case 3
Summary
Do not configure two different frequency neighbor cells in WCDMA system
Page40
Contents
RF case related to neighbor cell list
RF case related to bad coverage

RF case related to interference
Page41
Case 1
Description
In drive test for RF optimization, call drop happened in the circle area
Page42
Case 1
Analysis
After analyze the signal level of this area, the call drop is caused by discontinuous coverage of the cell with PSC 442
Problem Zone
Page43
Case 1
Analysis
After checking the RF transmission environment, the signal is blocked by the glass wall
Call drop Antenna
The Wall
Page44
Case 1
Solution
Solution 1: Decrease the downtilt to increase the signal level
Maybe the problem area will become better, but due to the wall, this problem may still exist nearby.
Solution 2:Increase the antenna height

After checking the installation condition, its very hard to increase the height Even increased the height, the problem may still exist due to the wall.
Page45
Case 1
Solution
Solution 3:
Move the antenna position if possible, and the main direction antenna is parallel with the side of the wall Move the antenna position to right about 15 meters considering the installation condition
Original Position New Position Wall
Page46
Case 1
Solution
Solution 3:
About the antenna downtilt, two strategies are designed. First, 10 degrees
10 Degree
Page47
Case 1
Solution
Solution 3:
Second, 5 degrees
5 Degree
Page48
Case 1
Summary
Before RF adjustment, site survey should be done. Find the problem and the reason, design several strategies for the adjustment One time adjustment, and check the performance at the same time. Adjustment and performance checking should be done at the same to improve the work efficiency.
Page49
Case 2
Description
In drive test for RF optimization, the area Ec/Io is bad
Page50
Case 2
Analysis
Checking the cell distribution at this area
PSC186 PSC184
PSC185
Page51
Case 2
Analysis
One site with 3 cells, PSC184, 185 and 186 cover this area Two cells, PSC 184 and 185, are separated to two sectors to cover different direction
Page52
Case 2
Analysis
The area is covered by different cell PSC 184 and 185 No dominant cell PSC 184 and 185 is the best cell crossly in this area
Page53
Case 2
Solution
Change the sector PSC, or combine some sector Previously, 3 cells
PSC 184: sector 1 & sector 3 PSC 185: sector 2 & sector 4 PSC 186: sector 5
After adjustment, 2 cells:

PSC184: sector1 & sector3 PSC185: sector4 & sector5 Delete sector 2
Case 2
After adjustment, the drive test for PSC 184 and 185
Page55
Case 2
The comparison result for scanner Ec/Io
Page56
Case 2
The comparison result for UE Ec/Io
Page57
Case 2
Summary
In order to get better coverage performance at the place with complicated transmission environment, splitter is used to separate one cell into different sectors to cover different area. In this case, the sector should be designed reasonably to control the interference
Page58
Case 3
Description
In drive test for RF optimization, bad Ec/Io is found on the bridge
Page59
Case 3
Analysis
Check the RSCP value of scanner, the result shows the RSCP value is good. Based on this, pilot pollution need be considered in this area. Check the top N pilot RSCP and Ec/Io in scanner result
Page60
Case 3
Analysis
From the DT result, it shows the RSCP value is strong, but the Ec/Io is bad. And the signal level of different cell are very similar. Find the cells which cover this area
Page61
Case 3
Analysis
Site 2 Cell C Site 3 Cell C
Site 1 Cell A
Page62
Case 3
Analysis
On the bridge, the signal from different cell can cover this area due to reflection of the river and no building. From DT, following cell cover this area:
Site 1 cell A Site 2 cell C Site 3 cell C Site 4 cell C Site 5 cell C
Page63
Case 3
Analysis
Need to find the best cell Check the map, the site 6 is very near to the bridge.
Site 4 Cell C Site 5 Cell C Site 1 Cell A Site 2 Cell C Site 3 Cell C
Site 6
Page64
Case 3
Analysis
After checking site 6 RF environment, it is difficult to increase the antenna height or move site 6 position to avoid the blocking caused by the building
The residence buildings are much higher than antenna, which block the signal of site 6
Page65
Case 3
Analysis
Then, site 1 cell A can be the best cell to cover this area
Site 1 Cell A Site 2 Cell C Site 3 Cell C
Page66
Case 3
Analysis
Then, try to increase the signal of site 1 cell A, and decrease other cells To confirm this, DT for site 1 cell A needs to be done
Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page67 Site 5 Cell C Site 4 Cell C Site 1 Cell A Site 2 Cell C Site 3 Cell C
Case 3
Solution
Increase the signal of site 1 cell A
Change the antenna downtilt from 10 to 7 Increase CPICH Tx power 1.5 dB higher
Decrease other cell signal change the antenna downtilt

From 7 to 10 for site 2 cell C From 5 to 8 for Site 3 cell C From 9 to 11 for site 4 cell C From 9 to 11 for site 5 cell C
Page68
Case 3
Confirmation
After the modification, the DT shows the pilot pollution area as below
Page69
Case 3
Confirmation
The Ec/Io comparison
After
Before
Page70
Case 3
Summary
To solve the pilot pollution, the following issues has be considered
Find the reason caused pilot pollution
Due to no strong signal Due to too much strong signal
After the adjustment, the DT has to be done at this cluster to confirm that no new problem appeared
Page71
Case 4
Description
In DT, video call quality is decreased at the problem area. Also, the PS call drop happened several times
Problem Area
3G Antenna
2G Antenna
Page72
Case 4
Analysis
RSCP distribution in DT
Problem area
Page73
Case 4
Analysis
Ec/Io distribution in DT
Problem Problem area area
Page74
Case 4
Analysis
Checking the RF environment, the antenna is installed on 10meter platform 2G and 3G antenna are installed at one platform, but 3G antenna is a little bit inner than 2G antenna. After finishing DT in 2G, signal level is very stable
Page75
Case 4
Analysis
If 3G and 2G antenna are installed at the same place, the problem may be solved. The short wall of this platform may block the signal of 3G
3G Antenna Problem Area
Wall
Since 2G antenna is near to the border, the wall influence 2G little

2G Antenna
Page76
Case 4
Solution
Solution 1
Increase the antenna height can solve this problem
Solution 2
Move the installation place near to the border
Solution 3
3G and 2G use the same place
Page77
Case 4
Solution
Solution 3 is adopted
Road
T X / R R X X
T X / R R X X
2G BTS
3G NodeB
Page78
Case 4
Question
Do you have other methods?
Page79
Case 4
Summary
Sharing the same installation place for 3G and 2G is very common, and several strategies can solve the problem In this situation, 3G and 2G can share the feeder system, or can only share the installation platform. Considering the factors of the installation and related resource, a easiest and simplest method should be adopted
Page80
Case 5
Description
In DT, call drop happened a lot in the area
Page81
Case 5
Description
Check the DT information, SC304 is in active set with the signal level RSCP -76dBm and Ec/Io -18
Analysis Consider the pilot pollution

But only 1 cell in active set and 1 Cell in monitor set
Consider the missing neighbor cell

But the cell in monitor set has very good quality RSCP -65dBm and Ec/Io -6
Case 5
Analysis
Check the signaling trace at UE side
Before call drop, UE sends measurement report to RNC with 1A event for cell 298
Page83
Case 5
Analysis
Check the signaling trace at RNC side
RNC sent Active Set Update to UE, but no response. Then, RNC send release RRC connection Call Drop
Page84
Case 5
Analysis
Based on the DT and signaling trace, this call drop can be take as handover failure For example
cell56 vs cell041 0 EcNo -10 -20 -30 time cell56 cell041
Page85
Case 5
Analysis
Around the corner, the original cell 304 signal level drop very quickly because of the building shadowing, and the neighbor cell 298 increase very quickly. After UE sent measurement report to RNC, cell 304 has become very bad when RNC sent active set update.
Page86
Case 5
Adjustment
Since cell 298 has better coverage at this area, handover can happen earlier
Decrease the coverage performance at this area
Increase the downtilt from 5 to 9 Adjust the direction from 0 to 310
Increase the coverage performance at this area

Decrease the downtilt from 5 to 4 Adjust the direction from 300 to 270
Page87
Case 5
Adjustment
Result after adjustment
Handover area
Before
Handover area
After
Page88
Case 5
Adjustment
Comparison of Ec/Io of UE
Before
After
Page89
Case 5
Summary
Confirm the corner effect by analyzing signaling trace at UE and RNC About corner effect, Taking the method make the handover happen earlier, such as RF optimization Other method can also adopted
Modify 1A event Modify CIO (Cell Individual Offset)
Page90
Contents
RF case related to neighbor cell list RF case related to bad coverage
RF case related to interference
Page91
Case 1
Description
From traffic statistic, the following RTWP problem is found
RNCId 1 1 1 CellId 62501 62502 62503 CellName KwongYu1 KwongYu2 KwongYu3 Time(As hour) 2005-5-16 17:00 2006-5-16 17:00 2006-5-16 17:00 VS.MaxRTWP -74.5 -74.3 -82 VS.MeanRTWP -102.34 -94.89 -101.6 VS.MinRTWP -105.3 -105.5 -105.4
Page92
Case 1
Analysis
Connect to the problem NodeB, and monitor the RTWP Cell 62501 RTWP
Page93
Case 1
Analysis
Cell 62502 RTWP
Page94
Case 1
Analysis
Cell 62503 RTWP
Page95
Case 1
Analysis
The main diversity antenna is interfered seriously Can not find any relation between interference and time, and the interference appears randomly Check the neighbor site, no interference Deduction Inter-modulation cause the interference, could be
Inter-modulation caused by bad connectors Inter-modulation by GSM
Page96
Case 1
Analysis
Check the RF environment
Page97
Case 1
Analysis
Check the RF environment
No blocking or any reflection due to the glass wall The site RF condition is very good
Page98
Case 1
Analysis
2G and 3G share the feeder system
Page99
Case 1
Analysis
Check 2G frequency planning
Sector 1 544 with hopping frequency 821
544 1811.6MHz & 821 1867MHz

538 1808.6MHz & 821 1867MHz

858 1874.4MHz & 821 1867MHz
Page100
Case 1
Analysis
Calculate the third order intermodulation
Cell 1 1922.4MHz Cell 2 1925.4MHz Cell 3 1859.6MHz
Check cell 2 uplink interference

The interval of 2 interference is 821-544
Page101
Case 1
Analysis
Conclusion
The third intermodulation of cell 1 and cell 2 is just in WCDMA uplink band
Page102
Case 1
Solution
Change the hopping frequency of DSC
Confirmation
Check the RTWP again, the values are normal
Page103
Case 1
Summary
Characteristics of inner system interference
The RTWP result are not same at the main and diversity antenna The amplitude of interference is big, and the difference is more than 10 dB High RTWP will appear in a duration, and will not change so frequently High RTWP will not show in a certain time each day, but randomly
Page104
Case 2
Description
In a commercial network of country U, the following RTWP problem is found from traffic statistic
RNCId 201 201 201 201 201 201 CellId 11912 11942 11932 11623 11461 11643 CellName Aguada_C Centenario_C
Centro_C Ciudad Vieja_C Palacio_C Pocitos_C
Time(As hour) 2005-11-15 4:00 2005-11-15 4:00 2005-11-15 17:00 2005-11-15 0:00 2005-11-15 20:00 2005-11-15 2:00
RTWP_MEAN -93.94 -95.86 -96.62 -96.74 -97.1 -97.72
RTWP_MAX -88.65 -87.65 -93.65 -91 -96 -92.65
RTWP_MIN -105.66 -105.66 -97.65 -105.65 -104.65 -105.65
Page105
Case 2
Analysis
Connect to the problem NodeB, and monitor the RTWP Take one site as example
Page106
Case 2
Analysis
The main and diversity antenna have the same interference trend The different between main and diversity is less than 10dB
Page107
Case 2
Analysis
Check the location of the sites with high RTWP
High Medium Low
Page108
Case 2
Analysis
All the problem cells are in the third sector of the NodeB, and the direction is to the northwest Many cells at this area show high interference, and the cells with low RTWP are at low place
Page109
Case 2
Analysis
Analyze the RTWP in the nearly one month, the interference shows randomly, but if appears, usually one whole day, or several days The interference shows with high traffic, and also with low traffic. No evidence shows it is related to the traffic
Page110
Case 2
Analysis
Maybe the interference comes from outside and the northwest direction
Page111
Case 2
Analysis
Use YBT250 to do the interference checking
Page112
Case 2
Analysis
All the test results show the interference comes from the same direction to the country A But the distance to country A from the test place is around 50Km to 200Km
Page113
Case 2
Analysis
Frequency analysis
U Country UMTS frequency
1900MHz
A country GSM frequency

1900MHz
Page114
Case 2
Analysis
Maybe the interference comes from A country, but looks like impossible because the distance (50 to 200Km) is beyond the transmission To confirm this problem, use A country cell phone at the area with high RTWP The result shows the phone does receive the A country DSC
Page115
Case 2
Conclusion
The interference comes from A country GSM Even the distance is very far, the area between the border is covered by a large water area Due to reflection the water, the signal can be transmitted far away
Page116
Case 2
Conclusion
After known the reason, the following character of this kind of interference is found
Related to the weather
Rain day, no interference Cloudy day, less interference Sunny day, high interference
Related to the seasons also

Problems show at Summer more than Winter
Page117
Case 2
Summary
Characteristics of external interference
The RTWP result are same at the main and diversity antenna The amplitude of interference is small, and the difference is less than 10 dB The interference exists at large area, not just one cell, also including neighbor cells The direction of external interference is obvious The cell with high antenna is easier to be interferenced
Page118
Summary
RF optimization
Neighbor cell list optimization Coverage performance optimization Interference optimization
Page119
Thank you
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WCDMA Radio Frequency Optimization

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data Collection: DT test Indoor DT test RNC configuration data

Adjustment: Engineering parameters adjust Neighbor cell list adjust

The DT result is satisfied with optimization target?

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Typical Problems Analysis in RF optimization

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

After call drop, begin to read system information

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

No SC 170 cell!! Why?

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Missing neighbor cell Delayed handover

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Search for the latest intrafrequency measurement control

Call drop point

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The primary scramble of the cell is 6

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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PSC 58 277 277

Mistake for configuring NCell

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Call drop rate high

Inter-frequency handover based on capacity Inter-frequency handover based on coverage

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Compress mode Inter-frequency measurement control

Inter-frequency Measurement report

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell 14031 with Frequency B

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Cell 14605 CPICH & Ec/Io

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Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inter-frequency handover based on capacity Inter-frequency handover based on coverage

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Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

RF case related to bad coverage

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Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Solution 2:Increase the antenna height