Newton’s 3rd Law

You
cannot
touch
without
being
touched-
Newton's
third law.
Newton’s 3rd Law

• Notice the pair

of forces – They
are equal and
opposite. They
act on different
objects.
 Equal and Opposite Forces
• Ouch!!!!!!!
Take a look at this
web site to watch
an old car
crash!!!!
 Equal but Opposite Forces
• Ouch!!
Notice the
difference with
crumple zones!!
 Friction
• Friction is the result of contact between
the two surfaces
• Is friction good or bad? it depends.
 How to Increase Friction
• Increase friction by
adding sand to the road,
add rosin to fingers in
baseball, add rosin to
the violin bow, a
dragster spinning its
wheels to heat them up,
adding chains or studs
to your tires when the
road is icy,
 How to Decrease Friction
• Decrease friction by
waxing your skis,
coating the frying pan
with oil, adding oil to
your cars engine,
adding water to your
water slide.
 Friction is a Force
• What direction does the frictional force
point?
• It is always in the opposite direction of
the velocity – It opposes the motion.
 Friction has Direction
• What direction is the frictional force?
• DEB - a) block sliding down the hill
• b) block sliding up the hill
• c) car driving east
• d) sky diver falling toward the earth
• e) car going around a curve
 Factors which affect FRICTION

• 1. the nature of the

surface, coefficient
of friction, µ − Mu
• 2. the weight of
the object, W
• 3. the normal force,
FN
 4 Types of FRICTION
• Static Friction
• Kinetic Friction
• Rolling Friction
• Fluid Friction
• Static frictional forces are due to the
bonding between surfaces.
• The equation that describes the static
friction, Ff
• Ffs = µs FN or F = UN
 Static Friction
• Static Friction is
the force between
the two surfaces.
• Objects will not
move until forces
exceed static
friction.

Another example of Newton’s 3rd Law

Static vs Kinetic Friction
Notice that the
applied force is
increasing yet no
movement
Notice that
once F
exceeds Fs
the block
starts to
move,
accelerates,
and Fk is
less than
Fs
 Coefficient of Friction - µ

µs This is the
coefficient of
friction and is
Ff
unitless.
It is the ratio of
Ff : FN

Ff
 Static Friction
• 1) If you pull a 40 kg crate with a force of
100 N East and there is no movement,
How large is the frictional force and in
what direction?
 Problem
• A large 50 kg wooden crate rests on a
stone lab table. The coefficient of static
friction between wood and stone is 0.4
• DEB – a) What is the largest force
needed to start the crate accelerating?
 Surfaces

µs µf

rubber on concrete 0.80 0.65

rubber on wet concrete 0.60 0.40
wood on wood 0.50 0.20
steel on steel 0.04 0.04
 Kinetic Friction or Sliding Friction
• Slide a block along
different sides. F1
Which Force is
larger?
• F1 = F2 Since N is F2
the same, the
frictional force is the
same
 Static and Kinetic Friction
• Friction is not proportional to the velocity
or as Velocity increases, Frictional
forces remain the same.

• Demo- block pull with spring scale. Same

value no matter which side is pulled
 Sliding Down an Incline
• Draw a FBD for
a 6 kg block on a
30° incline.

Θ
 Sliding Down an Incline
• DEB - Draw a
FBD for a 6 kg
block on a 30 °
incline.
 The Sliding Student!
• Demo - Determine the µs for a student
sliding down a wooden board or coin on a
book.
• Measure the angle when student starts to
slide. Draw
the
FBD

Θ
 Static Friction
∀ µ = tan θ
• derivation
 Rolling Friction
• 3. Rolling Friction is
less than sliding
friction. This occurs
when one object rolls
over another.
• Ex. Car, roller
skates, ball bearings
 Fluid Friction
• Fluid Friction -
object in contact
with a fluid i.e..
water or air
• The magnitude
depends upon the
speed. V
increases, Ff
increases
 Fluid Friction
• So when the fluid
friction becomes
as large as the
weight,
ΣF = 0, a = 0, and
the object is at
constant velocity.
Racing Parachutists
• Which
parachutist
will have
greater
terminal
velocity and
get to the
ground first?
Terminal Velocity
 DEB –
Draw the
v vs t graph
for an
object that
falls
through the
air towards
the earth.
Terminal Velocity

As t
increases
what
happens
to the
accel?
 Terminal Velocity
Object Terminal Velocity
baseball

basketball

ping pong ball

& Raindrop

DEB – Predict which has the highest and lowest TV.

 Terminal Velocity
Object Terminal Velocity
baseball 43 m/s

basketball 20 m/s

ping pong ball 9 m/s

& Raindrop