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ABSTRACT:
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INTRODUCTION:
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power-saving features, as they will automatically shift to a low-power mode
as soon as traffic volume lessens or stops.
WORKING OF BLUETOOTH:
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1600 times a second, a technique known as frequency hopping. They also
use three different but complimentary error correction schemes. Built-in
encryption and verification is provided.
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limits the impact of random noise on long-distance links. The encoding is
optimized for an uncoordinated environment
SECURITY IN BLUETOOTH:
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MODES OF OPERATION:
An interesting aspect of the technology is the instant
formation of networks once the bluetooth devices comes in range to each
other. A piconet is a collection of devices connected by Bluetooth
technology in an ad hoc fashion. A Piconet can be a simple connection
between two devices or more than two devices. Multiple independent and
non-synchronized piconets can form a scatter net. Any of the devices in a
Pico net can also be a member of another by means of time multiplexing. I.e.
a device can be a part of more than one Pico net by suitably sharing the time.
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there is a master unit whose clock and hopping sequence are used to
synchronize all other devices in the Pico net.
All the other devices in a Pico net that are not the
master are slave units. A 3-bit MAC address is used to distinguish between
units participating in the Pico net. Devices synchronized to a Pico net can
enter power-saving modes called Sniff and hold mode, in which device
activity is lowered. Also there can be parked units, which are synchronized
but do not have a MAC addresses. These parked units have an 8-bit address;
therefore there can be a maximum of 256-parked devices
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was chosen for its robustness in handling dropped and damaged voice
samples. Rising interference levels are experienced as increased background
noise: even at bit error rates up 4%, the CVSD coded voice is found.
COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES:
IrDA
IrDA is an international organization that creates
and promotes interoperable, low-cost infrared data interconnection
standards. IrDA has a set of protocols covering all layers of data transfer and
in addition has some network management and interoperability designs.
Features:
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• Range: From contact to at least 1metre. Can be extended to 2 meters.
A low power version relaxes the range objective for operation from
contact through at least 20 cm between low power devices and 30 cm
between low power and standard power devices.
• This implementation affords 10 times less power consumption. These
parameters are termed the required maximum ranges by certain
classes of IrDA
• Featured devices and sets the end user expectation for discovery,
recognition and performance.
• Bi-directional communication is the basis of all specifications
• Data transmission from 9600 b/s with primary speed/cost steps of 115
kb/s and maximum speed up to 4 Mb/s
• Data packets are protected using a CRC (CRC-16 for speeds up to
1.152Mb/s and CRC-32 at 4 Mb/s).
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interoperability with IrDA and WAP. In addition, a host of other
applications will be able to use the Bluetooth technology and protocols.
HOMERF:
The HOMERF is a subset of the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU) who is working on the development of a standard for inexpensive RF
voice and data communication. Currently, the HomeRF Working Group
specification provides for wireless Ethernet transmission.
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Features:
SWAPvsBluetooth
Currently SWAP has more installed base compared to Bluetooth but it
is believed that Bluetooth is eventually going to prevail. Bluetooth is a
technology to connect devices without cables. The intended use is to provide
short-range connections between mobile devices and to the Internet via
bridging devices to different networks (wired and wireless) that provide
Internet capability. HomeRF S0WAP is a wireless technology optimized for
the home environment. Its primary use is to provide data networking and
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dial tones between devices such as PCs, cordless phones, Web Tablets and a
broadband cable or DSL modem. Both technologies share the same
frequency spectrum but do not interfere when operating in the same space.
CONCLUSION:
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CONTACT:
Dony Rojerson.M
Albert Ravish . J
Karunya Hostels,
Karunya Nagar,
Coimbatore.
641114
E-mail: rojerraj@yahoo.co.in
Mobile: 9894317719
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http://eforu.page.tl/