Dept. of Vet. MedicineFaculty of Agric. and Vet. Med.King Saud Univ. Saudia Arabia
Omaso-abomasal impaction associating vagus indigestion ina cow
ByAli H. Sadiek and Ibrahim H. AhmedAn adult cow, 6 years old was admitted to the clinic of the facultyof Agric. and Vet. Med., King Saud Univ. with a history of anorexia,distension of abdomen, passage of dry, scanty feces, moderate salivationand the animal was inclined to move.On clinical examination, marked destension of the abdomen wasnoted, in the form of L- shape, where upper left hunger fossa and lower right abdomen were clearly enlarged. Percussion of left flank revealedtympanic sound and on palpation evidenced marked fluctuation. Atony of the rumen was noticed with steal-band effect on auscultation-percussiontechnique especially over the middle and lower aspect of the leftabdomen. Fluid splashing sound was audible on ballottement of the leftflank indicating presence of massive fluids on the upper sac of the rumen.Pain test (binching of the weather, percussion over the reticular area, forcing the animal to move upward and downward on a hill)evidenced a positive response to pain in a form of grunting sound andopening of the mouth, indicating a possible penetrating sharp object onthe recticuloperitonium, that was strongly suspected on use of minedetector, that revealed a loud positive response on approaching thereticular area.Passage of stomach tube revealed no evidence of obstruction of theupper digestive tract, however stomach tube failed to relief tympany.
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On rectal palpation, rectum was mostly empty, except from a littlehard fecal ball resemble those of camel and covered with mucous andtinged with blood streaks. Dorsal sac of the rumen was filled withfluctuated fluids and gases. No evidence of abomasal displacement wasseen. .Laporatomy revealed no evidence of abomasal displacement,however, Omasum and abomasum were markedly enlarged with a hardcontents filling the lower abdomen from the xiphoid cartilage to the pelvic inlet. Surgical interference from both sides of the abdomen failedto access or evacuate either abomasum or omasum, because of their heavy weights and great destension in addition to their anatomicallocations. Rumenotomy revealed that the upper sac of the rumen wasfilled with fluids, that rushed enormously as just the wall of the rumenwas opened (fig. 1). Ruminal fluid was watery and yellowish with putridcharacters.On the other hand respiratory rate was slightly elevated and bilateral nasal seromucous secretions was evidenced. Body temperaturewas in its normal range. However, heart rate was markedly increased(110/min). Signs of dehydration were evident involving loss of skinelasticity and sunken eye.Medicinal therapy including antifermentive drugs, laxatives andreplacement fluids failed to improve the animal health.On the two next days after surgery, the general health of the animalwas mostly deteriorated, became recumbent and eventually succumbed.On necropsy, omasum and abomasum were grossly enlarged, they havetensed walls and filling the floor of the abdomen (fig. 2). On longitudinalsection of the abomasum, a mass of dry rumen like contents mixed withsand was filling both omasum and abomasum (fig. 3 & 4). Impaction of the abomaso-duodenal orfice with hard food was noted. Omasal contents
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were mostly similar to that of the abomasums and the omasual folds wereeasily detached and dissiminated into the hard mass of food (fig. 4).Evacuation of the omasal and abomasal contents revealed a huge amountsof dry finely chopped starw, minsed grains and sands (fig. 5). Abomasalwall showed conjestions, lacerations, erosions and variable sized ulcersespecially on its ventro-lateral sides (fig. 6). Different types of foreign bodies involving keys, sharp nails, long wires and date kerns were foundimbedded in the reticulum (fig. 7). A long sharp wire were seen peneterating the reticular wall leaving a mass of granular tissuesurrounding a canal reaching the peritoneum and inducing local peritonitis (fig. 8). Neutrophilic leucocytosis, increased packed cell volume, decreasedchloride and potassium concentrations of the obtained blood sampleswere found. Analysis of ruminal fluid revealed increased pH (7.8),decreased activity of ruminal flora (increased time of sedemintationactivity test and methylene blue reduction test) and sluggished activity of rumenal protozoa.
Discussion
The case was diagnosed primarily as vagal indigestion especiallythe form of ruminal destension with atony, on the basis of ruminal atony,L-shaped abdomen, scanty dry feces, tachycardia and positive pain test.However, the presence of steel band and tinkling sound on percussion andauscultation of the middle left flank revealed suscpecious of abomasaldisplacement. Rectal palpation and laporatomy revealed no evidence of abomasal displacement, but confirmed a coincidence of omasal andabomasal impaction in association with chronic reticuloperitonitis. Acoincidence of abomasal and omasal impaction in beef cows wasdescribed (Simkins and Nagele, 1997).
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Omasoabomasal impaction in a gersy cow
Omasal and abomasal impaction is a fatal disease of Cattle. The article describe such cases admitted at Al-Qassim vet. teaching hospital by prof. Ali H. Sadiek and I. A. Ali 2004
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