BI TP THIT K C S D LIU Xy dng m hnh quan h cho c s d liu

Bi 1 C cc m t sau v CSDL TH VIN: a) Th vin c chia ra thnh cc nhnh. Thng tin v mi nhnh gm c M nhnh, Tn nhnh v a ch. b) Mi cun sch trong th vin c cc thng tin v M sch, Tn sch Nh xut bn v Tc gi c) Mt tc gi c th vit nhiu cun sch. Mt cun sch c th c nhiu tc gi vit. d) Mt nh xut bn xut bn nhiu cun sch. Mt cun sch do mt nh xut bn xut bn. Thng tin v Nh xut bn gm c Tn NXB, a ch NXB v S in thoi NXB. e) Mt cun sch c th c nhiu bn sao c lu tr ti cc nhnh. Thng tin v bn sao sch gm M sch, s cc bn sao. f) Th vin c nhng ngi mn sch. Thng tin v nhng ngi mn sch gm c S th, H tn, a ch v S in thoi. g) Sch c cho cc ngi mn mn ti cc nhnh. Thng tin v mt ln mn gm c Ngy mn v ngy tr. Hy xy dng lc quan h cho CSDL TH VIN t cc m t ni trn.

Kim tra dng chun ca lc quan h Bi 1

Cho bit cc dng chun ca lc quan h sau a) R=ABCDEG; F={ABC, CDE, EG} b) R=ABCDEG; F={CAB, DE, BG} c) R=ABCDEGH; F={ABC, DE, HG} d) R=ABCDEG; F={ABC, CB, ABDE, GA} Bi 2 Kim tra cc dng chun a) R=ABCD; F={CAD, AB} b) R=SDIM; F={SID, SDM} e) R=SNDTX; F={SN, SD, ST, SX} d) R=ABCDEGHI; F={ACB, BIACD, ABCD, HI, ACEBCG, CGAE}

Chun ha lc quan h
Bi 1 Chun ha lc quan h sau v dng 3NF va bo ton tp ph thuc hm va bo ton thng tin. a) R=ABC; F={AB, AC, BA, CA, BC} b) R=ABCD; F={AC,CA, CBD, ADB, CDB, ABD} c) R=ABCDGH; F={GHAD, AGB, CDGH, CA, BHC} Bi 2 Chun ha lc quan h sau v dng BNF a) R=SDIM; F={SID, SDM} b) R=ABCD; F={AB, BC, DB}

Kim tra bo ton tp ph thuc hm v bo ton thng tin

Bi 1

Cho lc quan h R=ABCDE Tp ph thuc hm F={A C, B C, C D, DE C, CE A} Php tch lc thnh cc lc con: R1=AD, R2=AB, R3=BE, R4=CDE, R5=AE. Kim tra php tch c mt mt thng tin hay khng ? Bi 2 Cho lc quan h R=ABCD Tp ph thuc hm F={AB, BC, AD, DC} Php tch lc thnh cc lc con : R1=AB, R2=AC, R3=BD Kim tra php tch c bo ton thng tin hay khng? Kim tra php tch c bo ton tp ph thuc hm vi F ? Bi 3 Cho lc quan h R=ABCDEH Tp ph thuc hm F={C ADEH, A B, DEH A} Php tch lc thnh cc lc con: R1=AB, R2 =CDEH, R3=DEHA Kim tra php tch c mt mt thng tin hay khng ?

BI GII THIT K C S D LIU Xy dng m hnh quan h cho c s d liu Phn bi gii c trong phn bi tp SQL Kim tra cc dng chun ca lc quan h Bi 1 Cho bit cc dng chun ca lc quan h sau a) R=ABCDEG; F={ABC, CDE, EG} Kha ca lc A. Cc thuc tnh khng kha B, C, D, E,G - Lc trn dng chun 1 - Lc trn dng chun 2 v cc thuc tnh khng kha ph thuc y vo kha chnh - Lc trn khng dng chun 3 v thuc tnh D, E,G khng ph thuc trc tip vo kha chnh A Vy dng chun cao nht ca lc l chun 2 b) R=ABCDEG; F={CAB, DE, BG} Kha ca lc CD. Cc thuc tnh khng kha A, B, E, G - Lc trn dng chun 1 - Lc trn khng dng chun 2 v cc thuc tnh khng kha khng ph thuc y vo kha chnh. Vy dng chun cao nht ca lc l chun 1 c) R=ABCDEGH; F={ABC, DE,

HG} Kha ca lc l ADH Tng t cu b, dng chun cao nht ca lc l chun 1 d) R=ABCDEG; F={ABC, CB, ABDE, GA} Kha ca lc l DGB, DGC. Cc thuc tnh khng kha A,E. Chn DBG l kha chnh - Lc dng chun 1 - Lc khng dng chun 2 v cc thuc tnh khng kha khng ph thuc y vo kha chnh. Vy dng chun cao nht ca lc l chun 1. Bi 2 Kim tra cc dng chun a) R=ABCD; F={CAD, AB} Kha ca lc AC. Cc thuc tnh khng kha B,D - Lc trn dng chun 1 - Lc trn khng dng chun 2 v cc thuc tnh khng kha khng ph thuc y vo kha chnh Vy dng chun cao nht ca lc l chun 1 b) R=SDIM; F={SID, SDM} Kha ca lc SI. Cc thuc tnh khng kha D,M - Lc trn dng chun 1 - Lc trn dng chun 2 v cc thuc tnh khng kha ph thuc y vo kha chnh - Lc trn khng dng chun 3 v thuc tnh D, M khng ph thuc trc tip vo kha chnh SI Vy dng chun cao nht ca lc l chun 2 c) R=SNDTX; F={SN, SD, ST, SX} Kha ca lc S. Cc thuc tnh khng kha N, D, T, X

- Lc trn dng chun 1 - Lc trn dng chun 2 v cc thuc tnh khng kha ph thuc y vo kha chnh - Lc trn dng chun 3 v thuc tnh khng kha ph thuc trc tip vo kha chnh S. - Lc trn dng chun Boye-Codd v cc xc nh hm u l kha Vy dng chun cao nht ca lc l chun Boye-Codd. d) R=ABCDEGHI; F={ACB, BIACD, ABCD, HI, ACEBCG, CGAE} Cc thuc tnh ch c mt v phi ca cc ph thuc hm: D, I I l 1 thuc tnh khng kha Cc thuc tnh ch c mt v tri ca ph thuc hm: H H lun thuc vo 1 kha ti thiu ca R. Cc kha ti thiu ca lc BEH, BGH, CGHChn BEH lm kha chnh - Lc trn dng chun 1 - Lc trn khng thuc dng chun 2 v c t nht mt ph thuc hm (HI) cho thy thuc tnh khng kha I ph thuc hm b phn vo kha chnh Vy dng chun cao nht ca lc l chun 1 Chun ha lc quan h Bi 1 Chun ha lc quan h sau v dng 3NF va bo ton tp ph thuc hm va bo ton thng tin. a) R=ABC; F={AB, AC, BA, CA, BC} Bc 1: Tm ph ti thiu ca F i.Loi cc thuc tnh d tha trong cc v tri ca ph thuc hm c trong F. Khng c ph thuc hm no trong F c v tri d tha ii.Tch cc ph thuc hm c v phi trn mt thuc tnh thnh cc ph thuc hm c v phi c mt thuc tnh. V phi ca tt c cc ph thuc hm trong F ch c mt thuc tnh. iii. Loi khi F cc ph thuc hm d tha AB d tha? F1=F\{AB} = {AC, BA, CA, BC}

(A)F1+ = AC khng cha B vy AB khng d tha ; F1 = F AC d tha? F2 = F1\{AC} = {AB, BA, CA, BC} (A)F2+ = ABC cha C vy AC d tha; F2 = F1\{AC} BA d tha? F3 = F2\{BA} = {AB, CA, BC} (B)+F3 = BCA cha A vy BA d tha F3 = F2\{BA} CA d tha? F4 = F3\{CA} = {AB, BC} (C)+F3 = C khng cha A vy CA khng d tha F4 = F3 BC d tha? F5 = F4\ {BC} = {AB, CA} (B)+F5 = B khng cha C vy BC khng d tha F5 = F4 Ftt = F5 = {AB, CA, BC} Bc 2: Kha ca R l A Bc 3 : R c tch thnh cc quan h R1(AB), R2(CA), R3(BC) cha kha A nn php tch ny bo ton thng tin v bo ton tp ph thuc hm. b) R=ABCD; F={AC,CA, CBD, ADB, CDB, ABD} Bc 1 : Tm ph ti thiu ca F i.Loi cc thuc tnh d tha trong cc v tri ca ph thuc hm c trong F. (A)+ = AC, (B)+= B, (C)+= CA, (D)+= D : Khng c ph thuc hm c v tri d tha. ii.Tch cc ph thuc hm c v phi trn mt thuc tnh thnh cc ph thuc hm c v phi c mt thuc tnh. V phi ca tt c cc ph thuc hm trong F ch c mt thuc tnh. iii. Loi khi F cc ph thuc hm d tha AC d tha? F1=F\{AC} = {CA, CBD, ADB, CDB, ABD} (A)+F1=A khng cha C, vy AC khng d tha F1=F CA d tha? F2=F1\{CA} = {AC, CBD, ADB, CDB, ABD} (C)+F2=C khng cha A, vy CA khng d tha F2=F1 CBD d tha? F3 = F2\{CBD} = {AC, CA, ADB, CDB, ABD} (CB)+ = CBAD cha D, vy CBD d tha F3 = F2\{CBD} ADB d tha? F4 = F3\{ADB} = {AC, CA, CDB, ABD} (AD)+=ADCB cha B, vy ADB d tha F4 = F3\{ADB}

CDB d tha? F5 = F4\{CDB} = {AC, CA, ABD} (CD)+ = CDA khng cha B, vy CDB khng d tha F5 = F4 ABD d tha? F6=F5\{ABD} = {AC, CA, CDB} (AB)+=ABC khng cha D vy ABD khng d tha F6 = F5 Ftt = F6 = {AC, CA, CDB, ABD} Bc 2: Kha ca R l AB Bc 3: R c tch thnh cc quan h R1(AC), R2(CDB), R3(ABD) cha kha AB nn php tch ny bo ton thng tin v bo ton tp ph thuc hm. c) R=ABCDGH; F={GHAD, AGB, CDGH, CA, BHC} Bc 1: Tm ph ti thiu ca F i.Loi b cc thuc tnh d tha v tri ca cc ph thuc hm (A)+= A, (B)+= B, (C)+= CA, (D)+= D, (G)+= G, (H)+= H. V tri ca cc ph thuc hm khng c thuc tnh d tha. ii.Tch cc ph thuc hm c v phi trn mt thuc tnh thnh cc ph thuc hm c v phi c mt thuc tnh. F={GHA, GHD, AGB, CDH, CDG, CA, BHC} iii.Loi b cc ph thuc hm d tha trong F GHA d tha ? F1=F\{GHA} = {GHD, AGB, CDH, CDG, CA, BHC} (GH)F1+ = GHD khng cha A; GHA khng d tha F1=F GHD d tha ? F2=F1\{GHD} = {GHA, AGB, CDH, CDG, CA, BHC} (GH)F2+ = GHABC khng cha D; GHD khng d tha F2=F1 AGB d tha? F3=F2\{AGB} = {GHA, GHD , CDH, CDG, CA, BHC} (AG)F3+ = AG khng cha B; AGB khng d tha F3=F2 CDH d tha? F4=F3\{CDH} = {GHA, GHD , AGB, CDG, CA, BHC} (CD)F4+ = CDGAB khng cha H; CDH khng d tha F4=F3 CDG d tha? F5=F4\{CDG} = {GHA, GHD , AGB, CDH, CA, BHC} (CD)F5+ = CDHA khng cha H; CDG khng d tha F5=F4 CA d tha? F6=F5\{CA} = {GHA, GHD , AGB, CDH, CDG, BHC} (C)F6+ = C khng cha A; CA khng d tha F6=F5 BHC d tha?

F7=F6\{BHC} = {GHA, GHD , AGB, CDH, CDG, CA} (BH)F7+ = BH khng cha C; BHC khng d tha F7=F6 Ftt = F7 = F Bc 2: Tm kha ca lc CD Bc 3: R c tch thnh cc quan h R1(GHAD), R2(AGB), R3(CDGH), R4(CA), R5(BHC) cha kha CD nn php tch ny bo ton thng tin v bo ton tp ph thuc hm. Bi 2 Chun ha lc quan h sau v dng BNF a) R=SDIM; F={SID, SDM} Bc 1: Kha ca lc SI, thuc tnh khng kha D, M Bc 2: Xc nh chun cao nht ca lc SID; SISD: Tng trng (1) SDM: Gi thit (2) (1)(2): SIM: Bc cu - Lc dng chun 1 - Lc dng chun 2: Cc thuc tnh khng kha ph thuc y vo kha chnh. - Lc khng dng chun 3: Thuc tnh khng kha M ph thuc bc cu vo kha chnh. Chun cao nht ca lc l chun 2. Bc 3: Tch lc v dng chun 3, chun Boye-Codd i.Tch lc v dng chun 3. R c tch thnh R1(SID) vi kha chnh l SI v R2(SDM) vi kha chnh l SD. ii. Tch lc v dng chun Boye-Codd 2 lc con ny ng thi dng chun Boye-Codd v c cc xc nh hm u l kha. b) R=ABCD; F={AB, BC, DB}. Bc 1: Kha ca lc AD, thuc tnh khng kha B, C Bc 2: Xc nh chun cao nht ca lc - Lc dng chun 1 - Lc khng dng chun 2: Thuc tnh khng kha B ph thuc b phn vo kha chnh AD. Chun cao nht ca lc l chun 1 Bc 3: Tch lc v dng chun 2, 3, Boye-Codd i.Tch lc v dng chun 2

R c tch thnh R1(ABC) vi kha chnh l A v R2(DB) vi kha chnh l D. ii.Tch lc v dng chun 3 R1 c tch thnh R11(AB) vi kha chnh l A v R12(BC) vi kha chnh l B R2 thuc dng chun 3. iii. Tch lc v dng chun Boye-Codd 3 lc con ny ng thi dng chun Boye-Codd v c cc xc nh hm u l kha. Kim tra bo ton tp ph thuc hm v bo ton thng tin Bi 1 Cho lc quan h R=ABCDE Tp ph thuc hm F={A C, B C, C D, DE C, CE A} Php tch lc thnh cc lc con: R1=AD, R2=AB, R3=BE, R4=CDE, R5=AE. Kim tra php tch c mt mt thng tin hay khng ? Bc 1: Xy dng bng A B C R1 = AD a1 b12 b13 R2 = AB a1 a2 b23 R3 = BE b31 a2 b33 R4 = CDE b41 b42 a3 R5 = AE a1 b52 b53 Bc 2 : p dng cc ph thuc hm cho bng AC A B C R1 = AD a1 b12 b13 R2 = AB a1 a2 b13 R3 = BE b31 a2 b33 R4 = CDE b41 b42 A3 R5 = AE a1 b52 b13 BC R1 = AD R2 = AB A a1 a1 B b12 a2 C b13 b13 D a4 b24 E b15 b25 D a4 b24 b34 a4 b54 D a4 b24 b34 a4 b54 E b15 b25 a5 a5 a5 E b15 b25 a5 a5 a5

R3 = BE R4 = CDE R5 = AE CD R1 = AD R2 = AB R3 = BE R4 = CDE R5 = AE DE C R1 = AD R2 = AB R3 = BE R4 = CDE R5 = AE CE A R1 = AD R2 = AB R3 = BE R4 = CDE R5 = AE

b31 b41 a1 A a1 a1 b31 b41 a1 A a1 a1 b31 b41 a1 A a1 a1 a1 a1 a1

a2 b42 b52 B b12 a2 a2 b42 b52 B b12 a2 a2 b42 b52 B b12 a2 a2 b42 b52

b13 a3 b13 C b13 b13 b13 a3 b13 C b13 b13 a3 a3 a3 C b13 b13 a3 a3 a3

b34 a4 b54 D a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 D a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 D a4 a4 a4 a4 a4

a5 a5 a5 E b15 b25 a5 a5 a5 E b15 b25 a5 a5 a5 E b15 b25 a5 a5 a5

Tn ti trong bng mt dng cha ton k hiu a. Php tch l bo ton thng tin. Bi 2 Cho lc quan h R=ABCD Tp ph thuc hm F={AB, BC, AD, DC} Php tch lc thnh cc lc con : R1=AB, R2=AC, R3=BD a) Kim tra php tch c bo ton thng tin hay khng? Bc 1: Xy dng bng A B C D R1 = AB a1 a2 b13 b14 R2 = AC a1 b22 a3 b24 R3 = BD b31 a2 b33 a4 Bc 2 : p dng cc ph thuc hm cho bng AB

R1 = AB R2 = AC R3 = BD BC R1 = AB R2 = AC R3 = BD AD R1 = AB R2 = AC R3 = BD

A a1 a1 b31 A a1 a1 b31 A a1 a1 b31

B a2 a2 a2 B a2 a2 a2 B a2 a2 a2

C b13 a3 b33 C a3 a3 a3 C a3 a3 a3

D b14 b24 a4 D b14 b24 a4 D a4 a4 a4

Tn ti trong bng mt dng cha ton k hiu a. Php tch l bo ton thng tin. b) Kim tra php tch c bo ton tp ph thuc hm vi F ? Bc 1: Tm hnh chiu ca F ln cc lc con Ph thuc hm l hnh chiu ca F ln R1 l : AB Ph thuc hm l hnh chiu ca F ln R2 l : AC (AD; DC => AC) Ph thuc hm l hnh chiu ca F ln R3 l nhng ph thuc hm tm thng. Bc 2: Suy din cc ph thuc hm trong F t tp cc hnh chiu T cc ph thuc hm cho khng suy din c tt c nhng ph thuc hm c trong F. Nh vy php tch ny khng bo ton tp ph thuc hm. Bi 3 Cho lc quan h R=ABCDEH Tp ph thuc hm F={C ADEH, A B, DEH A} Php tch lc thnh cc lc con: R1=AB, R2 =CDEH, R3=DEHA Kim tra php tch c mt mt thng tin hay khng ? Bc 1: Xy dng bng A B C D E H R1 = AB a1 a2 b13 b14 b15 b16 R2 = b21 b22 a3 a4 a5 a6 CDEH R3 = DEHA a1 b32 b33 a4 a5 a6 Bc 2 : p dng cc ph thuc hm cho bng

A B A B C D E H R1 = AB a1 a2 b13 b14 b15 b16 R2 = b21 b22 a3 a4 a5 a6 CDEH R3 = DEHA a1 a2 b33 a4 a5 a6 DEH A A B C D E H R1 = AB a1 a2 b13 b14 b15 b16 R2 = a1 b22 a3 a4 a5 a6 CDEH R3 = DEHA a1 a2 b33 a4 a5 a6 A B A B C D E H R1 = AB a1 a2 b13 b14 b15 b16 R2 = a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 CDEH R3 = DEHA a1 a2 b33 a4 a5 a6 Tn ti trong bng mt dng cha ton k hiu a. Php tch l bo ton thng tin.