Lopper
–
world innovation
Automatically-fed boilers using wood fuels
TIMBER
The allure of an amazing idea
It’s about our environment
Wood is the ideal form of storedsolar power.The wood from our forests makes avaluable contribution to powersupplies. The percentage of firewood used today amounts toapproximately 2% of all energyconsumed. This percentage willsoon increase, first to 4 and then to6%.This potential and also desirableincrease in firewood consumptionwould provide the financiallystruggling forestry and timberindustries with an increase in thevalue of their forests. This benefitseveryone.An improvement in forestmanagement is not just aboutmoney; it is essential for oursustainable future.A healthy forest operates like agiant filter. It cleans the air, absorbsthe noise and regulates the climate.In healthy forests we findtranquillity and regeneration. Only ahealthy forest can tame torrentialrainfall and prevent erosion andfloods.Wood is the ideal energy source, asit is clean and easy to store. Woodcan therefore be felled when it isneeded. When wood burns, a naturalcycle is completed; thus burningwood is suddenly becoming anattractive prospect in an age of airpollution and nuclear meltdowns.
It’s about
money
Today we are being lulled into afalse sense of security with low oilprices.The price of firewood is somewherebetween the lowest and highest oilprices. In future, the price of heatingoil will be difficult to predict. Theevidence suggests that oil prices willrise significantly in the next fewyears.In addition, the U.S.A. and Europehave exhausted their own oilreserves and will soon becompletely dependent on Arabicand Russian oil supplies.
The current buyers’ market will then
again tu
rn into a sellers’ market,
which will mean that we arecompletely at their mercy withregard to prices and energy supplies.The local wood energy market,however, offers security of energysupplies
at sensible prices and undersensible conditions.Wood renews itself faster than anyother known fuel. A tree takesapproximately 80-90 years to growto its usable size. Coal forms within300 to 400 million years. Thecreation of fuel oil takes evenlonger.Today we also require the sensibleoption of having a current existingcrude oil reserve to use as fuel. It istherefore wise specifically to usewood as fuel.
We need soft tech
Heating with wood is not alwaysenvironmentally friendly. Althoughwood smoke smells homely,evidence suggests incompletecombustion. This is why intelligentand constructive measures arerequired for wood-burning boilersso that they will function in a reallyenvironmentally-friendly way.We boiler manufacturers must get
away from mere ‘degree of efficiency’ thinkin
g. The avoidanceof poisonous combustion residues inemissions must be the primaryrequirement of a modern boiler.This applies in equal measures tooil, gas and solid fuel boilers.Fuel pollutants like sulphur dioxide,hydrofluoric acids and heavy metalscan only be marginally influencedby the combustion process. Theseharmful substances also barely existin wood. Combustion emissions arequite a different matter.Combustion pollutants likehydrocarbon (HC), carbonmonoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides(NOx) as well as particle matter canbe vigorously reduced throughfurnace geometry, the design of theheating surface and the two stagesof the combustion process,consisting of precarburation andpost-combustion.Anyone who destroys ourenvironment also destroys ourhealth. After all we breathe what weemit into the air. Man is now thebottom line and is therefore therepository for all environmentalwaste.
So this is how gasification works
Not every wood-burning boiler is agasifier. Gasification also hasnothing to do with an injection of air into the boiler. Gasificationrefers to a wood-burning process ata combustion temperature of considerably more than 600degrees.Approximately 85% of all wood ismade up of volatile compounds,which are released in a gaseousform during combustion. Only 14%remain in the form of woodcharcoal and approximately 1% isash in its solid state. Wood burns inthree phases. The process startswith the complete drying of thefuel, after which the gaseousparticles burn. It is not until thethird phase that the products of low-temperature combustion and theresulting wood charcoal are burntduring degasification.At temperatures up toapproximately 200 degrees, dryingoccurs
–
air-dried wood stillcontains about 15-20% water.Between 200 and 600 degrees, thewood disintegrates and splits intoits various chemical components,which are gasified from a liquidstate. When this matter oxidises inthe flames, heat starts to bereleased. This phase of combustionis called pyrolysis.It is not until temperatures of over600 degrees are reached that theheavy, inflammable gases will burnand that a firebed of wood charcoalis formed. At temperatures between900 and 1000 degrees, low-temperature carbonisation gasesheat up to produce the required heatfor the deterioration of the internalwood pulp. This entire chain of events is known as gasification.To make combustion even moreeffective during gasification,Lopper boilers channel the gasesthat are not fully burned into acyclone combustion chamber,adding preheated secondary air. Thegas can now ignite and burn outcompletely. This combustionchamber consists of fireproof fireclay bricks.In the early stages, gases arereleased from the embers; they mixwith secondary air, which ispumped into the combustionchamber. Thus a self-regulatingeffect is achieved, because thestronger the fire burns, the moresecondary air is drawn in.Turbulators have been installed inthe gas passes, which means that theboiler can accurately adapt theconditions of the chimney. Whetheryou require just a simplereplacement boiler or whether awhole new system is built, theboiler will adapt effortlessly toevery situation.
The combustion chamber and thedesign of the heating surface, aswell as precarburation and post-combustion, means that poisonouscarbon monoxide can be avoidedand less nitrogen oxide andhydrocarbon are produced.
With this superior technology, alltypes and qualities of wood can beburned in all of our Lopperboilers, without visible smokeleaking from the chimney in theprocess.
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