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INTRODUCTION

The objective of this experiment is to carry out a torsion test to destruction in order to determine for a experiment: a) The modulus of rigidity b) The shear stress at the limit proportionally. c) The general characteristics of the torque,angle of twist relationship. From general theory of torsion for a circular specimen:

Where;

T G = J L r

T = Applied torque (Nm) J = Polar moment of area (m4) G = Modulus of rigidity (N/m2) = Angle of twist over the length of the specimen (radians.) L = Gage length (m) = Shear stress at radius r (N/m2) R = Radius of the specimen (m)

Typical torsion-test specimens

Shear stress, =16T/d3 Shear strain, = d/2L

The Shear Modulus is the Slope of the Linear Part of the Relationship between the Shear Stress and Shear Strain

PROCEDURE
1. The overall length and diameter of the test section of the specimen are measured. 2. A line is drawn down the length of the test section of the specimen with a pencil. It helped to visualize the degree of twist being put to the specimen during loading. 3. The specimen is firmly mounted in the Torsion Testing Machine. For each increment of strain, the following are recorded: a- Angle of twist of the specimen in degrees. b- Applied torque c- When elastic limit has been passed, the test of destruction is continued with ever increasing of strain, recording for each strain increment: I. Angle of twist in degrees and II. Applied torque. For forward loading, the input hand wheel is rotated in a clockwise until the input shaft has rotated through 1 as indicated by the dial (B). The reading on the dial gage (F) is returned to zero by rotating the leveling hand wheel. 4. The torque displayed by the E101 meter is recorded, noting the unit and the total angle of twist from zero is recorded.

T (Nm)

T vs
25

20 y = 5.4995x + 12.899 R = 0.3162 Axis Title 15 T vs 10 Linear (T vs )

0 0 0.5 1 Axis Title 1.5 2

(rad)

(N)
600 500 400 Axis Title 300 200 100 0 0 20

STRESS vs STRAIN

y = 2.8283x + 270.27 R = 0.3162 STRESS vs STRAIN Linear (STRESS vs STRAIN)

40 Axis Title

60

80

100

(N)

From the graph of shear stress versus shear strain ( vs ), the value of G (modulus of rigidity) is the slope of the plotted line. The equation is Y = 2.828x + 270.2 Hence, G = 2.828 MN/m2 From the graph of T vs , the maximum value of = 1.886 radians before the failure of the specimen. It is determined that point is the limit of proportionality of the specimen. At the particular , the T = 12.6 Nm. The stress at the limit proportionality, is: = 16T/ d3 = 16 (12.6) / (0.00624)3 = 2.641 x108 N. 4-DISCUSSION a) The result from the table shows the connection between the angle of twist of the specimen, and the applied torque,T. However, at = 31.817 radian, the T= 0 Nm. This is due to human error that the reading cannot be taken at the exact moment of failure. Hence, the result obtained is not precise but it is close to the actual result. b) For the graph vs , the limit of proportionality is the point where the line plotted is no longer a linear line (the point where it starts curving). In this experiment, we only get the linear line because the specimen is very brittle. c) In doing the experiment, one person need to conduct the angle twist, another person has to make sure only the twist force acted on the specimen, while the other reads the torque value.

5-CONCLUSION From the experiment, the modulus of rigidity of the specimen, G = 2.828 MN/m2. The shear stress at the limit proportionality is = 2.641 x108 N.

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