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The questions used as examples are from actual past GRE exams published by Educational Testing Service (ETS),
the makers of the GRE. This document is offered for exclusively educational purposes and may not be sold.
Antonyms
Step 1: Make an antonym of the target word (the word in caps). What’s the opposite of BANAL?
interesting, exciting
Unless you have absolutely no idea what the target word means, you can usually take out a few of the
answer choices. A 50% or even 33% chance is way better than the 20% chance of mere guessing.
BANAL: (A) faithful (B) arresting (C) inclined (D) forced (E) elaborate
Let’s say we were able to eliminate everything but (B) arresting and (E) elaborate. Which antonym of these
words matches most closely with the meaning of BANAL? An antonym of ‘arresting’ is ‘boring’; of
‘elaborate,’ the most accurate is ‘simple.’ Does BANAL mean ‘simple’? Something boring can be simple,
but it’s not necessarily so. Anwer: B.
For example, the prime word FALLACY has a negative connotation. So among your options,
which one has the most positive connotation? Well, (A) is pretty neutral, (B) is somewhat positive, (C) is
slightly negative, (D) is neutral to negative, and (E) is positive. Your answer? E
On more difficult questions, it’s important that the degree of charge also match. For example,
LOLL:
You’ve heard of someone “lolling around the house.” Sounds like a slightly negative connotation. We’ll
mark it with a T for ‘Target’ word on this scale.
Negative Positive
Now, let’s determine the connotation charges of the other answer choices:
(A) comply readily - quite positive
(B) move vigorously - “move” is neutral, but “vigorously” has a somewhat positive charge
(C) describe exactly - pretty neutral / barely positive (“exactly”)
(D) notice incidentally - neutral
(E) insist strongly - could be either positive or negative; quite strong either way
E T D C CB A E
Negative Positive
The choice closest to the opposite in connotation charge, then, is B. Does it sound correct? Good.
VENERATION: (A) derision (B) blame (C) avoidance (D) ostracism (E) defiance
The connotation scale can help eliminate some answer choices on difficult questions, where all choices
have an opposite connotation charge from the prime word. However, sometimes you’re reduced to whether
you know the words’ meanings or not. Study vocabulary!
Answer: A
Analogies
Step 1: Relate
LAWYER : COURTROOM ::
(A) participant : team (B) commuter : train
(C) gladiator : arena (D) senator : caucus
(E) patient : ward
What does a lawyer have to do with a courtroom? The answers must be strong, necessary, and often quite
specific. Give it a go.
_____________________________________________
Strong relationships are the result of answering specific questions about the meaning of each word. They include
words like “always” and “must.”
Weak relationships have words like “can” and “sometimes” and phrases like “I can see how” and “They’re both.”
If you found yourself creating the relationship, “A judge uses a gavel in his job,” you’ll get stuck between
B, C, and possibly E. So ask yourself what a judge does with that gavel. Keeps order in the court? Sounds
good:
“An X uses a Y to keep order in his court.” Answer? Obviously, C comes closest.
If you find yourself unable to explain away one of two final answer choices on an analogies problem,
adjust the relationship.
Example
1. CURIOSITY : KNOW ::
(A) temptation : conquer
(B) starvation : eat
(C) wanderlust : travel
(D) humor : laugh
(E) survival : live
1. When Deciding between Two or Three Answer Choices, Reverse the Relationship. For example,
CURIOSITY : KNOW. If you establish “Curiosity is the desire to know” as the relationship, you still might
be stuck choosing between B, C, and E.
• Is the desire to eat called starvation?
• Is the desire to live called survival?
2. Eliminate Weak Answer Choices Right Away. You can eliminate answer choices that have weak
relationships without even knowing the prime pair:
In the first column, choices A, C, and D have no definable relationship between the word pairs. Choice B
could be phrased as “You search in order to find,” while E could be expressed, “To raise is one way to
accumulate” (money, for example, but it’s still stretching it a bit.
In the second column, choices B, C, and D represent weak or meaningless relationships. While C sounds
familiar, as in the phrase “it boggles the imagination,” there the words are being used together in a
sentence, which doesn’t create a relationship between them. The only true possibilities in column two are A
(“equivocate” is the opposite of “directness”) and E (to “coddle” a child is a sign of “permissiveness”).
3. Identify Relationship Types and Word-Class Combinations. The GRE people use essentially the same
types of relationships for all the analogies. This is helpful information because certain combinations of the
section’s three word classes (noun, verb, adjective) rely almost entirely on one or two relationship types.
Here are some common relationship types. Some test prep books mention 5 relationship types; others break
them down into 12 or even 16. In studying their distinctions, I don’t find the specificity worth the effort it
takes to remember them.
This is mainly because I don’t think you should approach an analogy problem by first trying to categorize
the relationship. Rather, first you should express the relationship in your own words. If you find that it fits
into one of these relationship types, it’s a sign that you’re most likely on the right track. However, since a
few analogy questions don’t fit into these four types—or any other prep book’s relationship types, for that
matter—it can throw you off if you don’t have practice with putting a relationship into your own words
first.
4. Type: X is a type of Y. (This should always invite the question, what type of Y is it?)
EULOGY : PRAISE LULLABY : SONG GUST : WIND
N-N: by far the most common word-class combination. They can be any kind of relationship. **All Type
analogies are N-N, but not all N-N are type.
Answers
2. D. What is a TRANSGRESSION? Why, it’s a breach in (violation of) MORALITY! If it were a breach
of the law, it wouldn’t be called a transgression, it would be called a crime. So: “X is a breach of Y.” (In
case you were wondering, it’s a relationship of definition.) The answer is D because “presumption” is a
word we use in English to signify a breach in “propriety.”
3. A. If you think that ASSERT and BELABOR mean the same thing, you’re right. This is a relationship of
degree. They can’t mean the same thing to the same degree, or there would be no relationship. In this case,
BELABORING is a more intense, annoying form of ASSERTION (it’s all right to change them from verbs
to nouns as long as you do the same thing to the words in the answer pairs you’re plugging in. So: “Y is a
more intense, annoying form of X.” You might be tempted with C, “describe” and “demean.” However,
“describe” is value-neutral, not negative, and you can’t have a more intense, annoying form of a behavior
with a neutral connotation.
TROUBLED : DISTRAUGHT ::
(A) annoyed : disillusioned
(B) disturbed : interrupted
(C) covetous : rapacious
(D) outmoded : ostentatious
(E) tranquil : placid
There are two morals here. The most obvious one is to study vocabulary; the second is not to ignore an
answer choice with a word in it that you’ve never seen before. When I give this question to students, many
of them will completely ignore answer choice C (the correct one) because they don’t know what ‘rapacious’
means. They understand that TROUBLED and DISTRAUGHT are in a relationship of degree in which “Y
is a more severe instance of X,” but they don’t trust the process of elimination, which gets rid of every
other possibility, including tranquil : placid because those two words are essentially equal in degree.
Sentence Completion
The motto for this section is Every word is a choice. Meaning, each sentence has all of the clues in it
necessary for you to fill the blanks correctly. The steps are:
2. Try filling in the blanks in your own words first. If you can’t do it, check the answers and choose the one
that comes closest to what you would have wanted to say
For example, here is a GRE sentence completion pared down to a simple complete sentence:
(A) complements (B) implies (C) reiterates (D) argues against (E) explains away
Before 1500, North America was inhabited by more than 300 cultural groups; such
diversity ----- the existence of a single Native American culture.
Before 1500, North America was inhabited by more than 300 cultural groups, each with
different customs, social structures, world views, and languages; such diversity ----- the
existence of a single Native American culture.
All that verbiage from ‘Before’ to ‘languages’ contrasts with the concept of ‘a single Native American
culture”; therefore, the answer choice will be a verb that expresses a rejection of such a concept. Answer:
D.
C. Also, pay attention to the choice of nouns and verbs. Why did they choose a particular noun or
verb over another option that would still make sense?
Nonviolent demonstrations often create such tensions that a community that has constantly
refused to ---- its injustices is forced to correct them: the injustices can no longer be ----.
I know the first blank is synonymous with correcting injustices. I’m going to say “acknowledge” or
“change.”
The speaker’s obvious disgust with the injustices lets me know he or she doesn’t want to deal with them
anymore. I’m going to say “tolerated.”
Aalto, like other modernists, believed that form follows function; consequently, his furniture
designs asserted the ----- of human needs, and the furniture’s form was ----- human use.