Area of Triangle

∆ = ½ base x height = a b c = r S = √ S ( s - a) ( s – b) ( s – c) = ½ a b sin c

4R

S= a+b+c
2

Cos C = a² + b² - c²
2 ab

Sin a = Sin b = Sin c = 2R

A B C

Equilateral Triangle
Height = √3/2 ( side)
Area = √3/4 ( side ) ²
R = 2/3 Height

. r = 1/3 Height

Isosceles Triangle

Area = b/4 √ ( 4 a² - b²)

Sum of external angles in any polygon is 360 always A

AO = 2
OD 1 F E

Centriod divided the median in the ratio of 2 : 1

B C
O is the Centriod

A
 AB² + AC² = 2(AD²+BD²)
Where AD is the median to BC

B D C

If F represents faces, E represents number of edges, V represent number of

vertices then

E+2=F+V

Sum of internal angles in any polygon = (n – 2 ) 180

Rhombus

A D
Area of the rhombus is given b = ½ x D1 x D2

Where D1 and D2 are diagonals of the

rhombus
B E C
Area of the rhombus = BC x AE

Where BC= base and AE = height.

Properties of rhombus

1). All sides of the rhombus are equal.

2). Diagonals bisects each other perpendicular.

3). Lengths of diagonals are not equal in rhombus.

4). Rhombus is not a symmetrical figure.

5). All four sides are parallel

Trapezium
 A D

Area of the Trapezium

= ½ X ( AD + BC ) X AE

B E C

Properties of Trapezium

1). A Quadrilateral having only two side parallel then it is called trapezium.

Hexagon

F E
A D

B C

Area of the Regular Hexagon is = 3 √ 3 (side)²

2

Simple Interest

Simple Interest = Px N x R
100

P = Principal
 N = Number of Years
R = Rate of Interest

(
Compound Interest = P 1 + R / 100 )ⁿ -- P
P = Principal
n = Number of Years
R = Rate of Interest

Interest Compounded Half yearly

P ( 1 + (R/2) / 100 )²ⁿ - P

Rate of Interest for Installment

Interest = 24 x I x 100
N ( F + L)

I = Installment Charge
N = Number of Installments
F = Principal left after first Installment
L = Principal left after last Installment

Co-Ordinate Geometry

A ( Xı, Yı) and B ( X2, Y2 ) are 2 points

Distance between AB = √ (Y2 – Yı ) ² + (X2 - Xı ) ²

Slope of Line AB, m = (Y2 – Yı)
(X2 - Xı)
 Equation of the straight line passing through A ( Xı, Yı) and B ( X2, Y2 ) is
given by
(Y – Yı ) = m (X - Xı )
where
m = Y2 – Yı
X2 - Xı
In Equation of the straight line y= mx+c
. m is the slope of the line
. c is the Y intercept .

a is x intercept.
b is y intercept

If two lines are parallel then the slopes are equal.

M1 = M 2

Where M1 and M 2 are slopes of the lines.

If two lines are perpendicular then the product of the slopes is -1.
M 1 x M 2 = -1.

Where M1 and M 2 are slopes of the lines

Equations of straight line parallel to a x + b y + c 1 = 0 is a x + b y + c 2 = 0

Equations of straight line perpendicular to a x + b y + c 1 = 0 is

bx -ay+c2 =0

Perpendicular distance between two parallel lines

a x + b y + c 1 = 0 is a x + b y + c 2 = 0 is

= │c 1 - c 2 │
√ a² + b²
 LCM of ( a, b ) x HCF of ( a, b) = ( a x b)

Sum of first N natural numbers = n(n+1)

2

Sum of Squares of First N numbers = n (2n+1)(n+1)

6

Sum of cubes of First N numbers = [ n (n+1)]²

4

Circles

Length of Arc ABC = 2 r 

360º
 Where is the angle made at the center.

Area of the Sector AOC =  r² 

360º

Where is the angle made at the center.

a + c = b + d = 180º

Area of the Cyclic Quadrilateral = √ ( s - a) ( s – b) ( s – c) ( s – d)

Where a, b, c and d are the lengths of the Cyclic Quadrilateral

Length of Direct common tangent

Length of Direct common tangent = √ d ² - (r1 – r2) ²

Where r1 and r2 is radius of the circles.

. d is the distance between the centers.

Length of Transverse common tangent

 Length of Transverse common tangent = √ d ² - (r1 – r2) ²

Where r1 and r2 is radius of the circles.

. d is the distance between the centers.

(AB) ² = DB x CB
Length of common chord

Where o and p are center of the circles.

.r1 and r2 are radius of the circles with center o and p respectively.

Area of the triangle ∆ opa is given by

=> √ S ( s - a) ( s – b) ( s – c) = ½xh x d
 In the above equation we know S, a, b, c, and d , so we can find out h.

Length of common chord is given by 2h

S.No Name of the solid Volume Total surface Lateral

area surface area
1 Cube (Side) ³ 6 (side) ² 4 (side) ²
2 Cuboids lxbxh 2(lb +bh+lh) 2(bh+ lh)
3 Cylinder  r² h 2 r h + 2 2 r h
r²
4 Cone 1/3 r² h  r l + r² rl
5 Sphere 4/3  r³ 4 r²

Length of body diagonal or longest diagonal of a cuboid = √ ( l ² + h ² + b ² )

Length of body diagonal or longest diagonal of a cube = √3 (side)

Arithmetic Progression.

.a , a +d, a+2d, a+3d, a+4d,…………………………..

a is the first term of the series.

. d is the common difference.

Nth term of the series is given by

tn = a + ( n-1) d.

Sum of N terms is given by

Sn = n/2 [ 2a + ( n – 1) d]

Sn = n/2 [ L + D ]
L is the first term
D is the last term

Geometric Progression
. a, ar, ar², ar³, ………………….

Sum of N terms is given by

Sn = a (r ⁿ - 1)
( r – 1)

Sum of infinite terms is given by

S∞ = a
( 1 – r)
Where r is less than 1

Sum of infinite terms is given by

S∞ = a
( r - 1)

Where r is greater than 1

Speed and Distance

If a person is traveling from ‘A’ to ‘B’ with a km/ hr, and in return from B
to A with b km/hr his average speed is given by

= 2 x a x b km/hr
( a+ b)
If the distance traveled is same with two different speeds then average speed
is given by = 2 x a x b km/ hr
( a+ b)
If the time taken is same with different speeds then average speed is given by
= (a + b) km/ hr. a km/ hr and b km/hr are different speeds.
2

Trains

If speed of the train is ‘A’ km/hr, length of the train is ‘B’ km.
Then time taken to cross a pole in hrs =
B km
A km/ hr.
 If speed of the train is ‘A’ km/hr, length of the train is ‘B’ km.
Then time taken to cross a platform of length ‘C’ km in hrs =

(B +C) km
A km/ hr.
Two trains ‘A’ and ‘B’ are traveling with a km/hr and b km/hr respectively.
Lengths of the train A and B are X km and Y km respectively.

Time taken to cross the slower train by faster train = (X +Y) km

(If they are traveling in opposite direction) (a+b) km/hr.

Time taken to cross the slower train by faster train

(If they are traveling in same direction,
Starting point of the faster train is at the end of the slower train)

= (X +Y) km
│a - b│ km/hr.

Time taken to cross the slower train by faster train

(If they are traveling in same direction,
Starting point of the faster train and slower train are on the same line)

= (Length of the faster train) km

│a - b│ km/hr.

A person is roving the boat at speed of ‘a’ km/hr. length of the river he has to
cross the river is x km. Water flows in the river at ‘b’ km/hr.

Then time taken to cross the river = x km

(With the current) (a + b) km /hr

Then time taken to cross the river = x km

(Against the current) (a - b) km /hr
Conversions

1 mile = 1609 meters

1 mile = 5280 feet.

1mile = 8 furlong

1 furlong = 220 feet

1 km/hr = (5 / 18 ) m/s