B|BBK |BSS PEBB\EP\ |N BB!

|MABE ENBBB|NB US|NB PBBS

MLLNAkSn AS (608) NANDAkUMAk G (613)
NANDAGCAL S (612) SkLLIA V (6SS)
|N!PBBUB!|BN
Many Lransform codlng schemes such as !LC and MLC sLandards are
based on block codlng Lechnlque
lnLerpolaLlon resLoraLlon of a plurallLy of block plxels ls losL due Lo
Lransmlsslon error or oLher reason
1here are many spaLlal lnLerpolaLlon Lechnlques for resLorlng mlsslng
blocks of plxels
ltojectloos ooto coovex sets (lOc5) meLhod depends slgnlflcanLly on
Lhe resulLs of an edge orlenLaLlon deLecLor
lL also llmlLs recovery of cerLaln specLral bands wlLh Lhe use of a band
pass fllLer
ln Lhe proposed algorlLhm vecLors are exLracLed from Lhe surroundlng
nelghborhood of a mlsslng block/plxel Lo make a convex hull for Lhe
reference of recovery
1he recovery vecLors conLalnlng boLh known and losL plxels are used for
Lhe pro[ecLlons Lo flnd opLlmal specLrum coefflclenLs for Lhe mlsslng
plxels
PPBJEB!|BNS BN!B BBN\EK SE!S (PBBS)
convex hull ls formed from surroundlng plxel vecLors of Lhe
mlsslng plxel
1wo addlLlonal convex seLs are deflned for Lhe consLralnLs of
dynamlc range and gradlenL
vecLors whlch lnclude boLh known and mlsslng plxels are pro[ecLed
onLo Lhe verLlces of Lhe convex hull ln Lhe uC1 domaln and onLo
convex seLs ln Lhe spaLlal domaln
llnally mlsslng plxels are resLored lLeraLlvely
1he algorlLhm enables resLored plxels Lo susLaln specLrum and edge
sLrucLures of surroundlng blocks and consequenLly Lo have
conLlnulLy slmllarlLy and smooLhness wlLh nelghborhood plxels
1he sLeps lnvolved are llne deLecLlon generaLlon of surroundlng
vecLors generaLlon of recovery vecLors generaLlon of convex seLs
and pro[ecLlon operaLors and flnally lLeraLlve algorlLhms for plxel
lnLerpolaLlons
||NE BE!EB!|BN
lL ls applled Lo deLermlne edge orlenLaLlon
Llne masks are applled Lo Lhe surroundlng blocks S
L
S
W
S
n
S
S
1he responses 8
h
and 8
v
are compuLed aL all l [ coordlnaLes ln Lhe block
1he llne masks L
h
and L
v
are glven by
1he magnlLudes of responses 8
h
8
v
are compuLed as
SUPPBUNB|NB \EB!BP
Slnce Lhe surroundlng nelghborhood of a mlsslng block ls assumed Lo have specLral
and spaLlal slmllarlLy wlLh Lhe mlsslng plxel Lhe nelghborhood area can be
segmenLed lnLo several blocks each of whlch has lLs own spaLlal and specLral
characLerlsLlcs
1he segmenLaLlon of Lhe nelghborhood and Lhe exLracLlon of vecLors are made by
shlfLlng an n x n wlndow on every grld of plxels ln Lhe surroundlng nelghborhood
1hls ylelds an n x n vecLor s
k
on LhaL poslLlon s a resulL s
k
x x(l [) l [ W ls
generaLed where W ls an n x n wlndow
1he posslble number of Lhe surroundlng vecLors s
k
ls 8n where n ls Lhe dlmenslon
of Lhe mlsslng block
PEBB\EP\ \EB!BP
1o resLore mlsslng blocks a recovery wlndow and vecLors r
l
|l12 are lnLroduced
whlch lnclude boLh known and mlsslng plxels
1wo poslLlons for Lhe recovery vecLors are posslble accordlng Lo Lhe domlnaLlng llne
ln Lhe surroundlng block
ln each case Lwo n x n recovery vecLors are made from Lhe wlndows and each
vecLor conslsLs of (n1) x n known and 1 x n mlsslng plxels
fLer Lhe mlsslng plxels are resLored each recovery wlndow slldes Lowards Lhe oLher
Lo recover nexL 1 x n mlsslng plxels
s a resulL r
k
x x(l[) l[ W ls generaLed where W ls an n x n wlndow and k
12
PPBJEB!|BNS ANB BBN\EK SE!S
1he surroundlng vecLors obLalned from Lhe surroundlng blocks are used Lo form a
convex hull ln an n x n space
1he recovery vecLors are Lhen pro[ecLed onLo Lhe closesL verLex of Lhe convex hull
ro[ect|on Cperator
1
LeL r
l
and s
[
(1 l 2 1 [ 8n) be Lhe recovery vecLor and
surroundlng vecLor respecLlvely
1he s vecLors form a convex hull and slnce Lhere are 8n polnLs ln Lhe n
2
dlmenslonal
space where n 8 each vecLor s
[
becomes a verLex of Lhe convex hull
1he closesL verLex s
dl
|l12 of Lhe convex hull Lo Lhe recovery vecLors r
l
|l12 are
found ln Lhe meansquare sense as d
l
arg mln
[
|| r
l
s
[
|| for 1 l 2 and 1 [ 8n
1he recovery vecLors ln Lhe uC1 domaln 8
l
|l12 are orLhogonally pro[ecLed on Lo
Lhe closesL verLex as
1herefore Lhe pro[ecLlon operaLor
1
ln Lhe uC1 domaln ls
PPBJEB!|BNS ANB BBN\EK SE!S
ro[ect|on operator
2
1he convex seL for Lhe second pro[ecLlon operaLor ls
where n ls Lhe plxel lndex L ls Lhe seL of mlsslng plxelsf
0
ls Lhe orlglnal known value and l
max
and
l
mln
are Lhe maxlmum and mlnlmum lnLenslLles of Lhe lmage
1herefore Lhe pro[ecLlon operaLor
2
ln Lhe uC1 domaln ls
ro[ect|on operator
3
8ange consLralnL ls consldered for Lhe conLlnulLy wlLh Lhe nelghborhood
of a resLored block
LeL f
m
be Lhe vecLor of mlsslng plxels ln a recovery block f
0
be Lhe vecLor of ad[acenL plxels Lo Lhe
mlsslng plxels ln Lhe same block and g be a 1 x n vecLor of Lhe form f
m
f
0
8y seLLlng g as a bounded slgnal wlLh a consLanL Lhe convex seL for
3
ls
whoro n Is fho IxoI Indox. Honco I
3
Is
|!EPA!|\E A|BBP|!HMS |BP P|KE|
|N!EPPB|A!|BNS
Mlsslng plxels ln recovery
vecLors are resLored by
lLeraLlve algorlLhm of
alLernaLlve pro[ecLlons f
l+1

3
f
l
where l ls Lhe
lLeraLlon lndex f ls Lhe
resLored slgnal aL lLeraLlon l
and
[
ls Lhe [Lh pro[ecLlon
operaLor
!HANK \BU|||