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Biology
Biology (Human) Question Leave
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Advanced Subsidiary 1

Unit 3 Paper 03 2
3
Tuesday 3 June 2008 – Morning
Time: 1 hour

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers

Ruler Nil

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and
signature.
The paper reference is shown above. Check that you have the correct question paper.
Answer ALL THREE questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.
Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.
Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
The total mark for this question paper is 38.

Advice to Candidates
You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and
arguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Total
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Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

1. (a) Give two differences between heterotrophic nutrition and autotrophic nutrition.

1 ....................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

2 ....................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Read the following descriptions of heterotrophic organisms and decide which mode
of heterotrophic nutrition each uses. Write your answer in the space provided.

(i) This animal lives in freshwater ponds. It feeds by killing other animals,
swallowing them and digesting them.

Mode of nutrition .................................................

(ii) This micro-organism depends on food eaten by an animal. The environment in

which it lives is low in oxygen. The micro-organism breaks down carbohydrates
and proteins to produce carbon dioxide, methane and volatile fatty acids.

Mode of nutrition .................................................

(iii) This plant lacks any leaves or roots. Its long, yellow stem twines around other
plants. It grows special nutrition-absorbing structures, which enter the other
plant and absorb sucrose and water.

Mode of nutrition .................................................

(iv) This microscopic fungus lives in the soil. Its hyphae spread through the soil and
secrete enzymes to digest organic material.

Mode of nutrition .................................................

(4) Q1

(Total 6 marks)

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2. In 1970, an investigation took place in Ontario, Canada, in which the whole ecosystem of
a lake was altered and the effects monitored. A lake was divided into two sections using
a plastic curtain. At the start of the investigation, there was no difference in the biomass
of algae in either section of the lake.

One section of the lake was treated by adding extra nitrate to the water each year from
1970 to 1975. No further nitrate was added after 1975. The other section of the lake was
the control and did not receive any extra nitrate.

Each year until 1982, the biomass of the algae in the water in both sections of the lake was
determined. The results of this investigation are shown below in Figure 1.

Figure 1. The biomass of algae in the treated and control sections of the lake
from 1970 to 1982

8000 ±
Treated
7000 ± Control
ertem cibuc rep gm / ssamoib laglA

6000 ±
5000 ±
4000 ±
3000 ±
2000 ±
1000 ±
0±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
0791
1791
2791
3791
4791
5791
6791
7791
8791
9791
0891
1891
2891

Year
(a) Define the term eutrophication.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) (i) Using Figure 1, calculate the percentage increase in the biomass of algae in the
treated section of the lake between 1971 and 1975. Show your working.

Answer .................................%
(2)

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(ii) Suggest reasons for the changes in algal biomass between 1971 and 1976 in the
treated section of the lake.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(4)

(c) Suggest what effects the treatment could have had on the other organisms living in the
water.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(3)

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(d) (i) Describe how you could estimate the biomass of pondweed growing in a pond.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(4)

(ii) Explain why it is more useful to estimate the biomass rather than count the
numbers of an organism living in a habitat.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2) Q2

(Total 16 marks)

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3. Oil is a fossil fuel. It can be used as fuel in power stations and in engines. Figure 1 below
shows oil production between 1960 and 2004.

When oil is burnt, some gases, including carbon dioxide, are released. Some processes
by which carbon dioxide is added to, or removed from, the atmosphere are shown in
Figure 2.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, which has an influence upon the mean global
temperature of the Earth’s surface. Changes in this temperature between 1960 and 2004
are shown in Figure 3.

Figure 1. Oil production in thousands of barrels per day between 1960 and 2004

90 000

80 000
Oil production / 1000 barrels per day

70 000

60 000

50 000

40 000

30 000

20 000

10 000

0
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004

Year

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Figure 2. Diagram showing part of the carbon cycle

Carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere
Process B

Process C Decaying
material
Process A
Process C

Fuel in a power
station

Oil
Plant biomass

Figure 3. Changes in the mean global temperature of the Earth’s surface between
1960 and 2004

14.8
14.6
14.4
14.2
C  / erutarepmeT

14.0
13.8
13.6
13.4
13.2
13.0
0691
2691
4691
6691
8691
0791
2791
4791
6791
8791
0891
2891
4891
6891
8891
0991
2991
4991
6991
8991
0002
2002
4002

Year

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(a) Name the processes A, B and C shown in Figure 2.

A .................................................................

B .................................................................

C .................................................................
(3)

(b) Describe the changes in the production of oil between 1960 and 2004 as shown in
Figure 1.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(3)

(c) Study the graphs in Figures 1 and 3. Do the graphs support the theory that the rise
in oil production is linked to the rise in global temperature? Give reasons for your
answer.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2)

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(d) Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Explain the term greenhouse gas and give an
example of another greenhouse gas.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(e) Oil is one type of fossil fuel. Give one other example of a fossil fuel.

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(f) Energy crops are plants grown in large plantations to provide a sustainable source of
energy. These energy crops, such as fast-growing willow, are likely to become far
more common in the future. Explain the term sustainable.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(g) There is some concern that the replacement of traditional crops, such as wheat,
by energy crops could affect the distribution of some birds normally found on
farmland.

A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of changing land use on the
distribution of bird species. Bird surveys were carried out in four habitats: arable
land, grassland, willow plantation on former arable land and willow plantation on
former grassland. The numbers of lapwing, snipe and woodcock were recorded by
walking through each survey area for one hour three times during one summer. The
results of this study are shown in Figure 4.

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Figure 4. Results of the bird surveys that were carried out on arable land and grassland
and in willow plantations growing on former arable and grassland

1.0
Mean number of birds recorded per site

0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6 lapwing
per visit

0.5 snipe
woodcock
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Arable Willow Grassland Willow
land on arable on
land grassland

Use the data in Figure 4 to describe the effect of planting willow on the distribution
of these three species of bird.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(3) Q3

(Total 16 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 38 MARKS

END

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