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&cdik ,
f Ofaus;rIr*Zif; aqmif;yg;rsm;
"n0wDacwf
&ckdifjynf 'kwd, "n0wDacwf ur&mZmZf tEG,fawmf(24)qufajrmufjzpfaom &mvrm,krif;onf
tdEd,jynf a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;\ bkd;awmf tOerif;ESihf rif;NydKifjzpf\/ &ckdifjynfvnf; xkdrQaom ou&mZf
uk d ta&twG u f j yKvmcJ h N yD j zpf j cif ; aMumif h tO e rif ; twd w f o u & mZf ( 8645)uk d N zd K aom ES p f r S m yif
&mvrm,krif;onf ]rd-b-pH-Zd}udef;jzihf xkdtwdwfou&mZfukd NzdKcJhavonf/ ]yO-pwk-q-yoQL;} ESihf ]rd-bpH-Zd} udef;wkdYonf twlwljzpfMu\/ xkdNzdK<uif;ou&mZf (68)okdY a&mufaomtcg a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;tavmif;
awmf od'wrif;om;zGm;jrif ou&mZf(103)wGif bk&m;tjzpfukd &awmrl\/ ,if;rS (45)eSpfwkdifwkdif ow0g
a0ea,swkdYtm; w&m;a[mMum; qkH;rawmfrlNyD;aemuf ou&mZf (148)wGif y&dedfAmefpHvGefawmfrlav\/
a*gwrbk&m; y&dedAmefpHvGefawmfrlaomESpfrSmyif tdEd,jynf Adrdom&rif;\om;awmf tZmwowf
rif;onf tOeou&mZf (148)ukdNzdK Ak'omoemawmfESpfESihf xyfwljyKcJh\/ t"drmof usrf;t&aomf xkdESpfrSm
&ckdifjynf tOeou&mZfeSihf xyfwljzpfaom &mvrm,k ou&mZf(148)ukd tZmwowfrif;ESifh rif;NydKifjzpfaom
pEol&d,rif;NzdKonf[k rjybJ xkdusrf;ayrl (8)csyfwGif
pEol&d,rif;\tEG,fawmf(21)qufwGif ol&d,a&Ekrif;jzpf\/ omoemESpf(1184)ck? ou&mZf(1332)
ckjynhfa&mufaomtcg t"drmofBuHK\/ xkdokdYBuHKjcif;aMumihf ol&d,Ekrif;onf &[ef;? ykPm;? [dEKwfaA'ifwwf
ynm[drsm;eSihfpnf;a0;wkdifyif ou&mZf(1332)ukd (2)ckEkwf twkdjyKwnfxm;\/ Ekwf<uif;ukd tmvu[k
xm;ownf;/ tmvrduudef;[k rSwfom;ukef\/ omoemum; (1182)ckjzpf\}}[l jyxm;ayonf/
&cdik o
f m;BuD;pmay
&cdik o
f w
k
90
]tmvd r d u }ud e f ; uk d *Pef ; csvQif (1330)[k \ / ou & mZf (1332)ck j ynf h a &muf a omtcg
omoemESpf(1332-148)=1184 jzpf\/ (2)ckt<uif;xm; ou&mZf (1330)ukdNzdKaomtcg omoemESpf(118)
ESpfvnf; yg0ifcJh\/ xkdYaMumihf ,cka&muf&SdaomaumZm
1332
ol&d,a&Ekrif;NzdK
+1330
ESpf&yfaygif; 2662
bk&m;y&dedAmefjyK ou&mZf
-148
,cka&muf&Sdaom omoemESpf
2514
wenf;tm;jzihf
,cka&muf&SdaomaumZm
1332
NzdK&mygcJhaom omoemESpf
+1182
,cka&muf&Sdaom omoemESpf
2514
,cka&muf&Sdaom omoemou&mZfukd (2514)[k tajzxGufygonf/ ,if;okdYxGuf&jcif;rSm ol&d,a&Ek
rif;NzdKcJhaom ou&mZf(1330) bk&m;y&dedAmefjyKaom ou&mZf(148)ukd EkwfvQif (1182)& ,if;ukd ,ck
a&muf&SdaomaumZmou&mZfESihf aygif;jcif;aMumifh jzpfayonf/
]tmvrdu}udef;ESihfywfoufaomtqkdukd &ckdif&mZ0ifESifhSdEIdif; avhvmzkdY vkdtyfygonf/ &rf;NAJNrdKU?
awmifausmifq&mawmf OD;pErmvmvuFm& pD&ifaom &ckdif&mZ0ifusrf;? &aohawmifNrdKU txufausmif;awmif
q&mawmfOD;OmPpD&ifaom "n0wd&mZ0ifopfESihf a&S;&ckdif&mZ0if ayrlrsm; pEol&d,rif;rS ol&d,a&Ekrif;
ESihf rif;qufaygif;(19)qufomawGU& t"drmofusrf; ayrlt& (21)qufrawGU&ay/
wpfzefpEol&d,rif;rStpjyK ol&d,a&Ekrif;wkdifatmif eef;pHESpfrsm;ukd aygif;vkdufvQif (757)eSpfrQom
jzpfaMumif; awGU&jyefygonf/ tdEd,jynf tOerif;onf twdwfou&mZf (8645)ukd NzdKaomtcg &ckdifjynf
vnf; ,if;ou&mZfukd NzdKvdkufNyD; t<uif;(2)ckxm;cJh\/ tdEd,twkdif;yif/ ,if;rS pEol&d,crnf;awmf oD&d&mZ
ewf&Gmvm;aomESpfxdqkdvQif NzdK<uif;ou&mZf(97)okdYa&mufvwfayNyD/ ,if;ou&mZfeSihf pEol&d,rS ol&d,a&Ek
xd eef;pHESpf (757)ukd aygif;vQif (854)ESpfom &Sdao;aMumif;awGU& ol&d,a&Ekrif;onf rnfonhfenf;ESifhrQ
(1330)ukd rNzdKEkdifaMumif; awGU&ygonf/
tu,f(21)qufxd ,ljyefvQifvnf; ol&d,uHorif;eef;pH(16)ESpf? ol&d,ousrif;eef;pH(8)ESpf? aygif;
(24)ESpfrQom&Sdojzihf (1330)jynfh&ef ESpfaygif;(452)ESpfvkdayOD;rnf/ xkdhaMumihfol&d,a&Ekrif;NzdKcJhaom ]tmvrd
u}udef;ukd vufcH&ef taMumif;rjrifyg/ okawoDwkdY qifjciftyfygonf/
tOerif;\ ]yO-pwk-q-yoQL;}udef;? &mvrm,krif;\ ]rd-q-pH-Zd}udef;t& twdwfou&mZf (8645)ukd
NzdKNyD;aemuf ,if;rSxufyGm;vmaom ou&mZf(148)okdYa&mufaomtcg tdEd,jynf tZmwowfrif;onf
aumZmeSihf omoemeSpfukd xyfwljyKvkdaomaMumihf ]yoQL;-pwk-ly}udef;t& ,if;(148)ukd NzdKvkduf\/ a*gwr
bk&m; y&dedAmef pHvGefaomESpfaywnf;/
,if;ESpfonf &ckdifjynf wwd,"n0wD pEol&d,rif;eef;pH(51)ESpf? oufawmf(76)ESpfokdYa&mufaomESpf
aywnf; / pEol &d ,rif ;onf xk d ou &mZf( 148)ukd ]ZD- 0-u}ude f; t&NzdK aemufw pfE Sp fM umaomtcg
eef;pH(52)eSpf? oufawmf(77)wGif ewf&Gmvm;\/ ou&mZf(1)rSm ewf&GmpHygonf/ omoemawmfvnf; wpfESpf
&SdvwfNyD;wnf;/ t"drmofusrf;ayrl pEol&d,rif;ou&mZfNzdKaMumif; rawGU&aomfvnf; a&SUjyqkdvwHUaom
]ynmar"marmfuGef;} aumufEkwfcsufum; awGUMu&ygonf/
pEol&d,rif;rS ol&d,auwkrif;xd ]ol&d,0Ho}tEG,fawmf(25)qufonf wwd,"n0wD pkd;pHcJhMu&m
pEol&d,rif;ESihf tEG,fawmf(16)qufajrmufjzpfaom ol&d,pdMwrif;vufxufokdY a&mufaomtcg ]"-e-O}
ude;f t& ou&mZf(609)ukd NzKd cyhJ gonf/ ,if;okNYd zKd vu
dk jf cif;aMumihf aumZmou&mZfonf omoemawmf ou&mZf
xuf (609)ESpf,kwfavsmhvmygonf/
&cdik o
f m;BuD;pmay
91
&cdik ,
f Ofaus;rIr*Zif; aqmif;yg;rsm;
pEo&l ,
d rif; ewf&mG vm;aomESpo
f nf xkrd if;NzKd <uif;ou&mZf(1)ckjzpf\/ xkrd if;\om;awmf ol&,
d "dywdrmS
(15)qufajrmufjzpfaom ol&d,ywmrif;xd eef;pHESpfaygif;(607)jzpf NzdK<uif;ou&mZf(1)ESpfaygif;aomf ol&d
,ybmrif; ewf&GmpHaomESpfonf aumZm (608)jzpfayonf/ ol&d,ybmrif;\ om;awmfpEmol&d,rS (16)
qufajrmufaom ol&d,pdMwrif;onf ]"-e-O}udef;ukdNzdKNyD;aemuf xkdrif;NzdK<uif;ou&mZf (37)wGif ewf&Gm
vm;ygonf/
ol&d,pdMwrif; ewf&Gmvm;aom aumZmou&mZf(37)rSmyif om;awmf ol&d,aZ|rif;qufcH ,if;rS
wwd,"n0wDacwf\aemufqkH;rif;jzpfaom ol&d,auwkrif;xd rif;(9)qufeef;pHESpfaygif;rSm (211)ESpfjzpf
ol&d,aZ| eef;wufou&mZf(37)ESihfaygif;aomf (248)jzpf\/ xkdYaMumihf wwd,"n0wDacwfukefqkH;aom
aumZmou&mZfonf (248)jzpfaMumif; awGU&ygonf/ omoemawmf ou&mZftm;jzihq
f v
dk Qif (248+609)=857
jzpfygonf/
a0omvD ausmufavSum;acwf
ol&d,auwkrif;\om;awmf r[mwkdif;pjEm;(a'GifpjEm;)rif;onf aumZmou&mZf(248)wGif crnf;awmf
\ tkduft&mukd qufcHaomfvnf; "n0wDNrdKUawmf qufvufeef;rpHbJ ]rif;rwf&Hzsm;? pjEm;vQif? cGmjim;a&Smif
vGihf? uHokH;qifh0,f? xD;zGifhwpfESpf? pHrjzpfu? wvSpfpGefYum? NrdKUeef;&Smonf} [laom ]ompGavvuFm}eSifhtnD
uHokH;qifhNrdKUrSm wpfESpfMum aumZmou&mZf(249)okdYa&mufaomtcgrS a0omvD(ausmufavSum;)NrdKUukd
wnfaxmifcJhygonf/
&ckdifjynf ol&d,pdMwrif;onf ]"-e-O-udef;}t& ou&mZf(609)ukd NzdKaom tcsdefonf tdEd,jynf
ourif;vufxuf ]e-0-c-q}udef;t& ou&mZf (609)okdYa&mufaomtcsdefaywnf;/ xkdYaMumihf ourif;onf
jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAmefpHvGefawmfrlaom uvd,k*fuyfqef; ESpfaygif;(2570+689=3179)]e0-ow-{u-Bwd}
(3179)ESpfjzpfonf/ xkduvd,k*fuyfqef;ESpfaygif;(3179)ESpf ou&mZfukdvnf; ourif;NzdK uvd,k*fuyfqef;
ESpfaygif;[kyifqkdtyf\/ xkduvd,k*fuyfqef; eSpfaygif;tusOf;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAmefpH,lawmfrlaomESpfonf
uvd,k*fuyfqef;ESpfaygif;(2570)&SdavNyD[l a*gwryk&mPfusrf; qkdavonf/
],ckqef;vsuf&Sdaom uvd,k*ftp rif;rlaom "r&mZm rif;ou&mZf(1812)? eErif;ou&mZf(500)?
a*gwrif;ou&mZf(400)? r,l&rif; ou&mZf(360)? a,rygvrif; ou&mZf(107)? if;rif;ig;yg; ou&mZf
(3179)ESpfjzpf\/ if;ou&mZfonf ourif;NzdKaom ou&mZfjzpf\[l ol&d,od'Eusrf; qkdavonf/
[k &ckid &f mZ0opfusr;f pmrsuEf mS (275)eSifh (277) &rf;NANJ rKd U? awmifausmif;q&mawmfu wifjyxm;ygonf/
ol&d,pdMwrif; ]"-e-O}udef;}(609)? okdYr[kwf ourif;]e0-c-quddef;}(a*gwr y&dedAmefpHvGefawmfrlaom
uvd,k*fESpfqef; ESpfaygif;(2570) rS wufyGm;vmaom)(609)ukd toD;oD;NzdKNydKaemuf ou&mZfaumZm wufyGm;
vmMu&m a0omvD(ausmufavSum;) NrdKU r[mwkdOf;pjEm; (a'GifpjEm;)rif;rS oD&dpjEm;rif;xd eef;pHESpfaygif;ukd
(340)jzpfonf[k awmifausmif;q&mawmf &ckdif&mZ0ifopfusrf; jyqkdxm;\/ xkdYaMumihfr[mwkdOf;pjEm;rif;
a0omvDNrdKUawmfukd wnfaxmifaom ou&mZf (249+340=589)onf oD&dpjEm;rif; ewf&Gmvm;aom aumZm
ou&mZfyifwnf;/ xkdrif;onf ]O-w-rudef;}t& ou&mZf(560)ukd NzdKcJhNyD;vQif (29)ESpfqufvufeef;pHao;onf
[k awmifausmif; q&mawmfuyif qkdxm;jyefojzihf oD&dpjEm;rif; ewf&GmpHaomeSpfxnf aumZmou&mZf
(29)ESpfyifjzpfygonf/
a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAmefpHvGefonfrSp aumZmESihf omoemou&mZf xyfwlwufyGm;vmcJh&m
&ckdifjynf ]"-e-Oudef;} (609) ESihf ]O-w-rudef;} (560)ukd NzdKvkdufojzihf aumZmonf omoemou&mZfxuf
(609+560)=1169 eSpf,kwfavsmhvmygonf/
okt
Yd m;jzifh 'kw,
d "n0wDacwf? wwd, "n0wDacwfEiS fh a0omvDausmufavSum;acwfwYdk ou&mZf
NzdKvmcJhykHeSihf oD&dpjEm;rif;vufxuf q|ro*Fg,emwifvmcJhykHrsm;ukd tvGefa&S;usaom ]ynmar"marmfuGef;}
wGif atmufygaumufEkwfcsuftwkdif; awGU&\/
&cdik o
f m;BuD;pmay
&cdik o
f w
k
92
ynmar"marmfuGef; aumufEIwfcsuf
&cdik o
f m;BuD;pmay
93
&cdik ,
f Ofaus;rIr*Zif; aqmif;yg;rsm;
bk&m;w&m;a[mawmfrlaomESpf
45
bk&m;y&dedAmefpHvGefaomESpf
2570
"mwk#Dumudef;
1169
ESpf&yfaygif;onhf ]e0-Bwd-ow-*d
3739
wwdwfuvd,k*fjzpf\/
,if; ,cka&muf&Sdaom aumZmou&mZfukdaygif; 1332
,ck uvd,k*fjzpf\/
5071
,if; bk&m;y&dedAmefjyKaom uvd,k*fukdEIwf
2570
,cka&mufaeaom omoemESpf
2501
wpfenf;tm;jzihf tdEd,jynf tZmwowfrif; NzdK<uif;ou&mZf(609)]e0-c-qudef;}okdYa&mufaomtcg ourif;onf
twduvd,k*fESpf (3179)ukd ]e0-o-w-{u-Bwdudef;}t& NzdKcJhonfjzpf&m ,if; ]e0-o-w-{u-Bwdudef;}t&
NzdKcJhonfjzpf&m ,if; ]e0-c-qudef;}edAmefpHawmfrlaom uvd,k*fESpfaywnf;[k tajz&ygonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / ynmar"m armfuGef; a*gwrbk&m; yGifhawmfrlaom uvd,k*fESpfukd ]odumodu} 2525 [k
jyqkdxm;NyD;vQif (45)ESpfaom umvywfvkH; ewfvlwkdYtm; tuRwfw&m;a[mMum;vsuf y&dedAmefjyKawmfrlaom
ESpfukd (2525+ 45)=2570 [k qkdygonf/ jrefrmtvkdtm;jzihf bk&m;zGm;awmfrlaom ESpfukd (2477+80)=2557
[k qkdxm;ygonf/ xkdYaMumihf bk&m;y&dedAmefjyKaomESpf tqkdESpf&yfrSm wpf&yfESihfwpf&yf (13)ESpfuGmjcm;aeonf
ukd awGU&ygonf/
oD&dpjEm;rif;vufxuf q|ro*Fg,emwifjcif;
td E d , jynf rZ s d r a'o (1)tZmwowf r if ; vuf x uf w pf B ud r f ? (2)umvaomurif ; vuf x uf
wpfBudrf?(3)tmaomurif;vufxuf wpfBudrf? (4)a&S;acwf wrm&myged[kwGifaom oD[kdVfuRef; 0#*grPdrif;
vufxufwpfBurd f pkpak ygif;(4)Burd w
f ifcMhJ uayonf/ pwkwt
Burd o
f aYdk &mufNy;D rS yd#uwfo;Hk yku
H sr;f tpku
H dk tu&m
wifcJhaMumif; awGU&ygonf/ &ckdifjynfonf c&pfESpfat'D 'kwd,&mpkwGif oD[kdVfuRef;ESihftquftoG,fjyKvmcJh
aMumif; emyg*sLeDuGef'gausmufpmukd taxmuftxm;jyK od&\/
wwd,"n0wDacwfvGefajrmuf a0omvD(ausmufavSum;)acwfokdYa&mufaomtcg tmeEpjErif;vuf
xufwGif oD[kdVfoHCmawmfrsm;? &ckdifoHCmawmfrsm; a0omvDNrdKUawmf tnDtnGwfpnf;a0;MuNyD;vQif oD[kdVf
yd#uwfo;Hk yk(H pwkwo
*Fg,emrl)twkid ;f o*Fg,emwifawmfrcl MhJ u\/ ,if;okw
Yd ifjcif;ukd oD[Vdk rf q
S uf yOro*Fg
,em[lyif qkd&ayrnf/ tmeEpjEausmufpm...
bk&m;a[m yd#uwfokH;ykH usrf;tpkHukdvnf; bk&ifrif;jrwf\ trdefYjzihf tpkHpkHa&;ul;tyfNyD/ a&T? aiGjzihf
jyKvkyf &wemausmufrsufjzihf pDjc,ftyfaom Mumyef;rsm;jzihfvnf; ylaZmftyfNyD/ t&yfav;rsufESmrS <ua&muf
vmaom &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; aMu;oydwfESifh ykd;ouFef;tpkHpkHukdvnf; ay;vSLawmfrl\ oDvarCjynf
(oD[kdVf)uRef; usif;yaom oHCmtpnf;ta0;okdY w&m;yvifqifr,OfomeSihf awmufyaom ykd;ouFef;rsm;ukd
ay;ykdYvSL'gef;awmfrl\}[l awGU&\/
tmeEpjEm;rif;vGef a0omvDNrdKUawmfyif oD&dpjEm;rif;vufxufokdYa&mufaomtcg xkdrif;onf ]Ow-rudef;}jzifh ou&mZf (560)ukdNzdKvkduf\/ ,if;ESpfuyiftpjyK rnfokdY o*Fg,emwifawmfrlcJhaMumif;?
ynmar"m armfuGef; azmfjyxm;onfjzpf&m xkdo*Fg,emwifjcif;onf q|ro*Fg,emwifjcif;yifjzpfayonf/
q|ro*F g ,emwif j cif ; taMumif ; eS i h f y wf o uf ynmar"marmf u G e f ; \ oabmt"d y m ,f r S m
o*Fg,emwiftahH om ajrrsuEf mS wpfzuf ausmif;ig;apmifpD aqmufvyk &f m av;rsuEf mS ausmif;aqmifaygif;
(20)jzpf\/ ,if; "l&ESpfjzmwGif vdrmawmfrlMuaom oD[kdVfoHCmawmfwpfaxmif? &ckdifjynfrrS oHCmawmf
wpfaxmif? aygif;eSpfaxmifaom oHCmawmfwkdYukd pl|a&0wtrnf&Sdaom em,ut&Sifoljrwfu OD;pD;vsuf
&cdik o
f m;BuD;pmay
&cdik o
f w
k
94
&cdik o
f m;BuD;pmay
95
&cdik ,
f Ofaus;rIr*Zif; aqmif;yg;rsm;
2/
yxr "n0wDacwf/
rm&,krif;eSifhtEG,fawmf (54)quf?
rsKd;jcm; (3)qufaygif;(57)qufwkdY\
eef;pHESpfaygif;
ur&mZm ausmufyef;awmif;
pkd;pHMum;umv
1818
24
1824
'kwd,"n0wDacwf/
ur&mZmrS &mvrm,krif;eef;pH
(22)ESpfxd tEG,fawmfrif;(24)quf
wkdY\eef;pHESpfaygif;
830
acwfESpfacwf\ eef;oufaygif;
2672
(tdEd,jynf tOerif;\ ]yO-pwk-q-yoQL;}udef;? &ckdifjynf &mvrm,krif;\ ]rd-b-pH-Zd} udef;t&
&cdik o
f m;BuD;pmay
&cdik o
f w
k
96
&cdik o
f m;BuD;pmay
97
&cdik ,
f Ofaus;rIr*Zif; aqmif;yg;rsm;
c&pf(1103+20)=1123 ck ukefqkH;cJhygonf/
(*)
'kwd,y&defNrdKU?
'o&mZmrS eSvkH;rif;xd (22)quf?
eef;pHESpfaygif;
127
xkdYaMumihf 'kwd,y&defNrdKUoufonf
aumZm(485+127)=612 ck
omoem(1645+127)=1781 ck
c&pf(1123+127)=1250 ck ukefqkH;cJhygonf/
(C) avmif;MuufNrdKU?
tavmrmjzLrif;rS rif;apmrGefxd (18)quf
eef;pHESpfaygif;
180
xkdYaMumihf avmif;MuufNrdKUoufonf
aumZm(612+180)=1961 ck
c&pf(1250+180)= 1430 ck ukefqkH;cJhygonf/
rSwfcsuf/ /av;NrdKUacwfwpfacwfvkH;\ oufwrf;onf (285+20+127+180)=612 ESpfjzpf\/
6/ ajrmufOD;acwf(yxr)
rif;apmrGefeSihftEG,fawmf(12)quf?
rif;acgif&mZmxd eef;pHESpfaygif;
101
xkdYaMumihf rif;acgif&mZm ewf&GmpHaomeSpfonf
aumZm (792+101)=893 ck
omoem(1961+101)2062 ck
c&pf(1430+101)=1531 ckjzpfonf/
ajrmufOD;acwf('kwd,)
rif;ygBuD;eSihftEG,fawmf (9)quf?
rif;paexd? eef;pHESpfaygif;
107
xkdYaMumifrif;pae(oD&dok"r&mZm\
om;awmf) ewf&GmpHaomESpfonf
aumZm(893+107)=1000
omoem(2062 + 107)=2169
c&pf(1531+107)= 1638 jzpfygonf/
ajrmufOD;acwf (wwd,)
e&ywdBuD;(ukov)rS (28)quf
aemufqkH;orw&mZmxd eef;pHESpfaygif;(146)
xkdYaMumifh bkd;awmfbk&m; &ckdifjynfukd
odrf; orw&mZmeef;usaomESpfonf
aumZm(1000+146)=1146
omoem(2169+146)=2315
c&pf(1638+146)=1784 jzpfygonf/
ajrmufOD;acwf wpfacwfvkH;oufwrf;onf
(101+107+146)=354 ESpfjzpf\/ xkdtcsdefrS ,cka&muf&Sdaom ou&mZfxdqkdvQif 186 ESpfMum
vwfayNyD/
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f m;BuD;pmay
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f w
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98
aumZm(1146+186)=1970 jzpfaMumif; awGU&ygonf/
ou&mZfNzdKudef;rsm;
1/
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f m;BuD;pmay
99
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&ckid \
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ESifhvnf;aumif;? yx0Dcsif;qufpyfaeaom a'owpfckyifjzpfonf/ okdYaomffvnf; uRef;urf;awmawmif acsmif;
ajrmif; vQKad jrmifwjYdk zihf twefwefjcm;vsu&f adS eonf/ xkaYd Mumihf tdE,
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rwkdifrD bDpD(3)&mpkuyif vnf;aumif;? ba*Fgajrmufykdif; bDpD(2)&mpkuyifvnf;aumif;? EkdifiHa&;? bmoma&;?
vlaerIponf t&yf&yfzUHG NzKd ;wk;d wufaeNyjD zpfonf[k &mZ0ifoak woDrsm;u tqkjd yKMuonf/ xkaYd Mumifh tiftm;Bu;D
aom tdEd,ya'o&mZfrif;rsm; vufxufwGifum; tcgtm;avsmfpGm tifyg,me,fxJokdY yg0ifa&mufcJhrnf[k
vnf; qkdEkdifayonf/
,if;okdYyg0ifcJhaomfvnf;(u) **Fgjrpf\ajrmufykdif;ESihf 0*Fwkdif;t0if [l*vDjrpfurf;a,mif umvuwm;(24)&yf e,fy,f)tqkH;?
armufoZl me,ftqk;H (Murshida bad) ar'edycl kid (f wmr&vdyd ponfa'o)/ aAmf&a':rmef? *k&d ?f rmvf'gckid t
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umrlywkdif;t0if 'dEmpyl&fckdifESifha&mifjzLckdife,fjcm;tqkH; (,cktaemufb*Fge,f)xdonf trsm;tm; jzihf
csJYxGifEkdifcJhavonf/
xif&Sm;aom arm&d,(321-184 bDpD)tifyg,macwf taomuri;f(274-232 bDpD) vufxufrSmyif
azmfjyyg taemufba*Fge,f wmr&vdyd? oQrww? umrly a'oxdom tifyg,mus,f0ef;EkdifcJhavonf/ xkd
aemuf *kw? [m&S? ygv? aoerif;wkv
Yd ufxufum; xkad 'owko
Yd nf tkycf sKyaf &;Xmetcsut
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xkdrif;wkdYvufxuf ta&SUba*FgokdYvnf; 0ifqHhEkdifcJhonfvnf; &Sdonf/ xkdUaemuf rlqvifbmom0if yxef
rif;quf? r*kdrif;wufwkdYvufxufwGifum; xkda'oonf ta&SUtaemufrS IyfaxG;a&mpyfzG,f&m jzpfcJhavonf/
&cdik o
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f w
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100
a'ocGJjcm;owfrSwfjcif;
&cdik o
f m;BuD;pmay
101
&cdik ,
f Ofaus;rIr*Zif; aqmif;yg;rsm;
&ckdifykdifcJU&m b*Fvm;a'o
(c) &ckdifykdifeuf e,fy,frsm;ukd (rif;xD;vufxuf) &ckdifompGav vuFmjzihf zGJYqkdxm;&Sdavonf/ xif&Sm;
NyD;jzpf azmfjy&ef rvkdawmhacs/ **Fgjrpf\ta&SUbufem;wpfckrS p ,ck ta&SUba*Fge,f wpfavQmufvkH;ukdum;
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b*Fvm;e,f wkdif;&if;om;rsm;
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p c&pfay:NyD; at'D (7-8)&mpkwdkifatmifxd tykdif;tjcm; ESpfy&dap'umvwGif xkdta&SUtaemuf ba*Fga'o
onf trsm;tm;jzifh wkdif;&if;tdEd,efvlrsKd;EG,fpk ewfukd;uG,fMuaom a'0ylZm[dELbmom0ifrsm;ESihf Ak'bmom
ukd;uG,fMuaom Ak'ylZm [dELpaom Ak'bmom0ifrsm;wkdYom aexkdifjyKrl&Sdoltjzpf trsm;tm;jzihf wnf&SdcJhMuay
rnfomjzpfownf;/
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xkad 'o pm;aus;jyK tkycf sKycf MhJ uayao;onf/ if;wku
Yd dk &ckid &f mZ0ifuvnf;aumif;? &ckid rf if;wku
Yd vnf;aumif;?
jynfaxmifi,fcsif;rif;[l tokH;tEIef;jyKcJhavonf/
ba*Fga'oukd &ckdifrif;ESihf tykdif;tjcm;e,fy,fa'o ruefYowfrowfrSwfpOfurl tkyfcsKyfoltcsif;csif;
e,fy,fcsx
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e,fy,fusL;ausmfaom jzpf&yfwkdYukd a&SmifMuOfEkdif&ef cJ,Of;ayonf/
&ckdifrif;wkdYonf taemuf&ckdife,fy,f\ e,fedrdwftykdif;tjcm;owfrSwfcsufukd rw&m;azmufzsufrIr&SdcJh
oavmuf jzpfavonf/ xkdYaMumihf e,fvGefrw&m;usL;ausmfrIrjyK&ef ynm&SdtrwfBuD;wkdYu xkH;ed*kH;om"u
oufaojy tNrJwrf;apmihfa&Smufxdef;odrf;cJhonfukd awGU&onf/
xkdtaemufb*Fvm;wkdY yxefrif;qufEG,f(plvwefrif;rsm;) r*kdrif;rsm;wkdYESihfvnf; qufoG,fcJhonfrsm;
jyKcJhayonf/ if;wkdYtm; &ckdifrif;onf ajrmufOD;aejynfawmf? aAmif;'GwfoabFmqdyfurf;wpfavQmuf oHkH;rsm;?
ukefwkdufrsm; csxm;apcJhonf/ ,ckxd xkdoHkH;ysufrsm;? oHwef&m(oHw&m) ae&mrsm; txift&Sm; usefaeao;
onf/
&ckdifykdif taemufe,fy,fa'oonf xkdokdY aus;pm;jyK tkyfcsKyfaeMuaom r[m&mZm? ya'o&mZm?
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jynfaxmifi,fcsif; rif;tjzpfom todtrSwfjyKcJh tokH;cscJhavonf/
jynfaxmifi,f\ taemufbufwGif yqmrif;aejynfjzpfaMumif;ukdvnf; ]]jynfaxmifaemufrSm yqm
&cdik o
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103
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avonf/
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toQifBuD;
ukd;um;csufrsm;
(1) "n0wD ta&;awmfykH
(u0dom&)
(2) rif;&mZmBuD;pmwrf;
(ayrl)
(3) "n0wD&mZm0ifopf
(OD;y@dw)
(4) &ckdif&mZ0ifopf
(OD;pErmvm)
(5) ZrL'DytdEd,e,fykHusrf;
(OD;pErmvm)
(6) tdEd,aMu;rkHusrf;
(OD;udwd)
(7) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHorkdif;
(a'gufwmausmfouf)
(8) wd[moQfy&dp,
(b*Fvm;bmom)
(9) osavcg (b*Fvm;bmom)
(wwd,bm*)
(10) tma':&aoQmf
(b*Fvm;bmom)
(11) Early History of India (V,C Smith).
(12) The Land of Great image (Morie collie).
(13) History of indo-pakistan (prof M Arshad and and prof A. Rahmand)
(14) A History of Chiltagong vol. 1
&cdik o
f m;BuD;pmay
&cdik o
f w
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104
ajrmufOD;acwf av;cif;obif
ajrmufOD;acwf &ckdifbk&ifrsm; vufxufu(12)&moD yGJvrf;obifrsm; usif;ycJhMuayonf/ wefcl;vwGif
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yGJ? wykdYwGJv&m*kcsufyGJ? MumoGwftkd;yGJ? &xm;yGJ? waygif;voJapwDyGJawmfrsm;ukd usif;ycJhMu\/ yGJawmfrsm;ukd
taysmo
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pGrf;&nfowdqkdif&m yGJawmfrsm;vnf; yg0ifMuayonf/
(u) r[mynmausmf ajymcJhaom pGrf;&nfowdqkdif&m yGJawmfeSpfck
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av;cif;jyifqkdonfrSm ajrmufOD;acwfu qifonfawmf? jrif;onfawmf? av;onfawmf? ajconfawmf?
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105
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