toQifpudE

PEAL
CD VERSION

About this book

Type - Thi Dar Swe

Proof - U Myo Hlaing
Layout - U Khin Moung

- First Edition -

1968

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&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

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toQifpudE

pm IolodkY
pmtkyaf &;ol pma&;q&mESpOf ;D pvH;k yif &cdik ,
f Ofaus;
rIEiS yhf wfoufaom r*Zif;aqmif;yg;rsm;ESihf vH;k csi;f pmtkyrf sm;
udk a&;om;&m txl;emrnf& pma&;q&mrsm; jzpfaMumif;
pm Iolrsm; odNyD;jzpfygonf/
pmtkyaf &;om;ol pma&;q&mrsm;taMumif;udk if;?
pmtkyt
f aMumif;udk if;txl;a&;om;azmfjy&ef rvd[
k k
,HMk unf arQmfvifyh gonf/
pmtkyfonf atmifjrifaom pma&;q&mESpfOD;\
aygif;pyfrjI zpfojzifh ,cifif;wdYk a&;om;aom &cdik ,
f Ofaus;
rI pmtkyrf sm;xuf ydrk x
kd ;l jcm;rnf? zwf ESpNf cKd ufp&m jzpfrnf?
t&omay:rnf? A[kow
k tjynft
h 0 awGU&S&d rnf[k pdwcf s
,HMk unfEikd yf gonf/

xkwfa0ol

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

uREkfyfwdkY\ tmoDo
a&S;a[mif;,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk azmfxkwf
vuf&,
dS Ofaus; rIrsm;udk zGUH NzdK;wd;k wufapbdYk vdyk gonf/
,Ofaus;rIonf wdik ;f jynfwpfjynf vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;twGuf
tbd k ; xd k u f w ef a om tarG tES p f v nf ; jzpf o nf /
pnf;pepfusaom tuGyt
f xde;f vnf; jzpfonf/ cdik rf maom
tiftm;vnf; jzpfonf/ xl;jcm;aom toGit
f jyifvnf;
jzpfonf/
jrefrmjynfonf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuyif ,Ofaus;rIwdk;
wufvmaom wdik ;f jynfjzpfonf/ a&S;a[mif;,Ofaus;rIrsm;
onf jrefrmh[ef? jrefrmhrt
l jzpf wnf&adS ecJo
h nf/ odaYk omf
jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk azmfxw
k Ef ikd rf S jrefrmonf wefb;kd &Sd
aom tarGtESpu
f v
kd nf;&rnf/ pnf;pepf&adS om tuGyf
txdef;vnf; &Sdrnf/ cdkifrmaomtiftm; xl;jcm;aom
toGit
f jyiftm;jzifv
h nf; wnf&adS ernf/
jrefrmqd&k m Arm? &Sr;f ? ucsi?f u&if? rGe?f &cdik pf aom
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygif;pHk yg0ifaeonf/ wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;wGif
wlnaD om ,Ofaus;rIrsm;&So
d vdk jcm;em;aom ,Ofaus;rIrsm;
vnf; &So
d nf/ xdaYk Mumifh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pH\
k wlnD
aom uGjJ ym;aom tutcke?f toDtqd?k twD;trIw?f

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

yG J v rf ; obif ? upm;ck e f p m;? 0wf p m;qif , Of j cif ; ?

vlrq
I ufqH a&;? '@m&DyjkH yif? bmompum;? ud;k uG,rf ?I
tdrfaxmifa&;? "avhxHk;pH? pmaypaom ,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk
pkaqmif;&SmazG azmfxkwfMu&ayrnf/
jrefrmhwdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;aygif;pHk\,Ofaus;rIonf
jrefrmh ,Ofaus;rI jzpfygonf/ ArmvlrsdK; wpfrsdK;wnf;\
,Ofaus; rIonf jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI r[kwf? &Srf;vlrsdK;
wpfrsdK;wnf;\ ,Ofaus;rIonf jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI r[kw?f
xdkYtwl ucsif? u&if?rGef? &cdkifpaom vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;pD\
,Ofaus;rI onf vnf; jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI r[kwfay/
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK; aygif;pHk\ ,Ofaus;rIonfomvQif
jynfhpHkaom jrefrmh,Of aus;rI jzpfonf/
jynfph akH om jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIwpf&yfjzpf&efukd arQmfreS ;f
vsuf jrefrmhwdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;jzpfaom &cdkifvlrsdK;
wd\
Yk ,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk uREkyf w
f o
Ykd nf wwfprG ;f oavmuf
&SmazGqnf;yl; wifjy&jcif; jzpfygonf/
rSww
f rf;wif &cdik rf if;quf rwdik rf D a&S;ya0PDtcgrS
if;? rSwfwrf;wif rif;qufpcJhonfrS ESpfaygif;ig;axmif
ausmfumvtwGif;if; &cdkifrsm;onf rif;ESifhpdk;ESifh ae
xdik cf &hJ m ,Ofaus;rIapmaom wdik ;f jynfwpfjynf jzpfco
hJ nf/
,Ofaus;rI taqmufttHv
k nf; BuD;rm;cJo
h nf/ us,v
f nf;
us,f0ef;onf/ BuD;rm;us,f0ef;aom &cdik ,
f Ofaus;rIrsm;udk
pmtkyfwGif tenf;i,frQom wifjyEdkifjcif; jzpfygonf/
odaYk omf &cdik ,
f Ofaus;rI azmfxw
k jf cif;udk wdik ;f oljynfom;
pm Iolrsm;u tm;ay;vQif qufvufazmfxkwfoGm;&ef
uREkyf w
f Ykd pdwaf pmvsuf&ydS gonf/
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pH\
k ,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk pkaygif;
vsuf BuD;rm;aom jynfph akH om ,Ofaus;rIArd mefBuD; wnf
aqmufEdkifygap[k qkawmif;ygonf/ BuD;rm;jynfhpHkaom
,Ofaus;rI AdrmefBu;D udk wnfaqmufEikd v
f Qif Edik if jH cm;,Ofaus;

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

rI xd;k azmufjcif;udk wm;qD;Edik v

f rd rhf nf/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsdK;
tcsi;f csi;f wpfrsKd ;ESiw
hf pfrsKd ;? wpfO;D ESiw
hf pfO;D em;vnfr&I u
dS m
nD&if;tpfudkwrQ cspfcifMuifemrI &SdMuvdrfhrnf? vlrsdK;csif;
nD Gwfonfxuf nD Gwfjcif;jzifh BuD;rm;aom tiftm;opf
udk &&Sv
d rd rhf nf? wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;rsm;\ ,Ofaus;rI aygif;pHk
udk pkpnf;jcif;tm;jzifh Edik if w
H yg;ESirhf wlaom jrefrm,Ofaus;rI
\ xl;jcm;aom toGio
f pfukd &&Srd nf[k ,HMk unfarQmfreS ;f yg
onf/
pmtkyo
f nf jynfph akH om jynfaxmifpk ,Ofaus;rI
AdrmefBuD; wnfaqmuf&mwGif wwyfwtm; jzpfEikd yf gap
ownf;/

pma&;olrsm;

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

&cdkif Pfprf; yef;zGufwrf;

&cdkifwGif yef;0Sufenf;[l ,Ofaus;rI &Sdonf/ Arm
wGif pum;xm 0Suef nf;uJo
h Ykd jzpfonf/ ygVdtoH;k ESiq
hf v
kd Qif
ya[Vdar;ajzjcif;[k qdEk ikd o
f nf/ odYk yef;0Su?f pum;xm
0Su?f ya[Vd ar;ajzrsm;onf vlw\
Ykd pdwu
f ;l pdwx
f m;
BuHzef&nf tpGr;f tp mPf&nfay:wGif jzpfay:vm&jcif;[k
qdkEdkifonf/ &cdkifu ya[Vdpum;xmyef;udk ajz azmf r&
vQif yef;tpm;yif yef;wpfrsdK;rsdK;udk avsmfaMu;tjzpf ay;&
onf/ xdktcg yxryef;0Sufar;olu t0SufcHrajzEdkif
avsmaf Mu;? azmfaMu;? ajzaMu;tjzpf ay;aom yef;tpm;udk
Oyrm-ESi;f qDyef;? uHah umfyef;,lav[k ay;onfukd bk&m;
yef;wifjcif;jyK tajzrSeu
f kd azmfjyvdu
k &f onf/ yef;ay;jcif;?
bk&m;wifjcif;wdrYk mS wu,fyh ef;udk wu,fay;jcif;? wu,f
bk&m;wifjcif; jyKonfr[kwf? yg;pyfESifh yef;ay; yg;pyfESifh
bk&m;wifjcif;yif jzpfonf/
xdaYk Mumifh pum;xm0Suaf om ya[Vdypk m rSm pum;jzifh
0Sufojzifhif;? 0Sufaompum;rSmvnf; t&m0w Ktjzpf
t0Sucf yH p nf;[l yef;udw
k ifpm; trnfay;xm;jcif;jzifh if;?
&cdik u
f pum;0Suyf ef;? pum;yef;0Su[
f k qdv
k &kd yd f &Sd onf/
odkYaomf twdkcsHK;tm;jzifhum; pum;0Sufonf? pum;

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

yef;0Suo
f nfukd yef;0Suw
f rf;? yef;0Suef nf; upm;onf[k
tpOftvm toHk;jyKvmcJhMuonf/ xdkyef;0Sufjcif;um;
pum;wefqmqifvsuf 0Suv
f &kd mudk twktpm;jyK jzpfap?
o@mef[ef yefvTJajymif; jzpfap Oyrm Oyar,s twif
tpm; enf;y&d,m,ftrsdK;rsdK; cs,fvS,fvsuf mPfupm;
jcif;? mPfprf; ykpmvkyfjcif;jzifh 0SufqdkMu&avonf/
xdkYaMumifh yef;0Sufolrsm;uif;? t0SufcH&ol (yef;ajzyef;azmf)uif;? mPfprG ;f mPfpvdrrf ma&;jcm; &S&d onf/ xdo
k Ykd
tcsif;csif; mPfupm;jcif;jzifh mPfprf;owfjcif;jzifh
mPf&nfzef&nf BuH&nfrsm;rSm wppyGifhvif;vm Edkifav
onf/

&cdkifyef;pum;rsm;
1/ tvif;(10)vif;? ighyef;yD;/ (ykvif;? wvif;? vif;csL?
vif;w? vif;NrD? vif;uGuif u
S ?f vif;n ?D rd;k vif;?
vif;jym;? vif;,kef)/
2/ toD;xufu tyif? tyifxufu toD;/ (eE&moD;?
emewfoD;)/
3/ awmifBudKawmifMum;? vSaD ,Swpif;vm;? (&Ge;f ? vGe;f ?
&ufuef;vGe;f )/
4/ awmifoHk;vHk;ausmf? atmfyGifhawyef;? (awmifoHk;vHk;
cHkavmufoHk;vHk;/ yef;aygufaygufyef;)/
5/ ewforD;&D;wGi;f ? rjznfb
h EJ iS jhf ynf?h (tke;f oD;? ukvm;
tkef;oD;)/
6/ ewforD;tdrw
f ikd ?f yd;k razmufEikd ?f azmufjyefaomfvnf;
wpfaygufwnf;/ (jcKyftyfezm;? csKyftyfezm;)/
7/ vm;au >cD>cD? eDau prfhprfh? (acgif;ck)/
8/ vm;au prfhprfh? eDau >cD>cD? (NrD? a>r)/
9/ ckvDckvyf? cGufig;csyf? ('jyKwfoD;? ojyKoD;)/
10/ j*ifhcg;oD;-xufjcrf;cGJ? wdkifrSm uyfZmvJ/

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toQifpudE

10

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(yufusdw?f yufusd)/
xdk&SdueD-eDwm&J? wGJvGJBuD;? (ESysdKzl;? iSufaysmzl;)/
NcD,pS af csmif;-acgif;ryg? &,ifazmfvD b&PD? NcD,pS f
acsmif;-A&aemif? ta*gif;ryg-b&csm? az:ygvDzdA&csd/ (ueefY? *Pef;aumif)
ausmufzsm;ay:? rIdwpfyGifh/ (zdk;a&Tv)/
xdk&SdueD-eDwm&J;? oGD;zsifzsifESifh? (eDrif? aerif;)/
xdk&Sduvm? &wemiSufBuD;? oGD;csif;csif;ESifh/
(qGrf;ydkYtkyf? qGrf;tkyfeD)/
qifrig;&m? &Daomufvm? Nc&D mvnf;aysmuf? &Dvnf;
aemuf/ (qefqD?&D?qefaq;a&)/
igEh mG ;waumif? bdw
Y k pfaxmif? (j*ifch g;oD;? Muuf[if; cg;oD;)/
t0Duvm rJr?J tdrrf mS a&muf &J&?J (ueef?Y *Pef;aumif)/
t0D;uvm &J;&J;? tdrfrSma&muf rJ;rJ;/ (tdk;)/
EdkYcsOfwtdk;? vufrxdk;/ (csD;tdk;? acs;tdk;)/
awmifxufu rIdif;p&D? vDxvdkY r<uD? (qHyif)/
tdrfwdkif;tddrfwdkif;? 'dkifwcsyf/ (pHudk;? paum)/
tzdk;csDwHk; vm;rqHk;/ (um&D? v,fuefoif;)/
ppfom;ig;&m? qif;vdv
Yk m? awmifyw
k rf mS a&muf? ikwf
wkww
f w
k /f (awmifyw
k rf ?dI awmifyrYkd )dI /
qifr0rf;acgif;? avmufwaomif; (xrif;tdk;)/
eifrh mS vnf; tvH;k ESihf tacgif;ESi?hf ighrmS vnf;tvH;k ESihf
tacgif;ESifh? ighpGmxdk;? eifhpGmNyJus/
(aomhcavmufESifh aomh)/
t dk; r[d? t&Dyifv,ful; ca&/ (rIdU? arQmh)/
<uufuv
kd ckd sif? uRJN*dK vufpyG ?f n yfr;D vwf/
(<uwf? uRwfaumif)/
iawmifolwaumif? rQdK;eDa&/ (jzm;&D? 'Da&)/
armif dkUwu,f? vm;uwfaw? vm;vdkYrqHk? ikwfwHk;
wH;k / (yifv,f)/

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

11

31/ rpdr;f uyufvuf? ijzLuGu?f ieufu 0ifvEYkd u

S ?f irm
ujyifuapmifh/ (rpdrf;-uGrf;? ijzL-xHk;?ieufau &Sm;ap;? irm-uGrf;oD;)/
32/ awmifusdKifMum;u [kev
f v
Ykd m;? vlvnf;rjrif? ewf
vnf; rjrif/ (vD?av)/
33/ tykwt
f ykw-f oH;k ykw/f (0ufyw
k ?f O,smOfyw
k ?f 0g;ykwf
acsmif;)/
34/ csif;r ig;axmif? yavmifr ig;odrf;? uGrf;ESpf,mudk
0DvpYkd m;/ (csi;f rig;axmif aeap? yavmifru &aom
ig;udk odr;f qnf; aeap? if;wdEYk pS af ,muf uGr;f ESp&f m
udk wpfa,mufwpf,mpD cGJa0 pm;ap)/
35/ bke;f BuD;armifErS ? vlvifr,m;? rkeo
Yf ;kH ,Suu
f ?kd 0DvYkd
pm;? (vlvifr,m;wGif r,m;u bkef;BuD;ESrjzpf ?
bke;f BuD;wpfyg;? vlwpfa,muf? rde;f rwpfa,muf?
aygif;oH;k OD; jzpfonf/ bke;f BuD;u rkew
Yf ,Su?f bke;f BuD;
\ESrvnf; jzpfv\
l r,m;vnf;jzpfou
l rkew
Yf pf ,Su?f
vlu rkew
Yf pf,u
S t
f m;jzifh oH;k OD;u rkeo
Yf ;kH ,Suf udk
a0pm;Muonf)/
36/ trdu Nrx
D v
J ?l tzu awmif&if;om;? om;u psmefEiS hf
vm;/ (Nr;D yef;wl? yef;wlw?H rD;cd;k / ajraq;wH? aq;wH ;kd ?
rD;cd;k )/
37/ tNcDav;acsmif;? A&aemif;? tacgif;ryg/
A&csm? az:ygvDzd-A&csd? (pm;yGJcHk)/
38/ uRJNcD&mwcGufrSm? csD;wHk;wpfwHk;yg? (ig;pvHk;)/
39/ tzdk;ikwfpkwf? xrdefjcKyf? (zm;jyKwf)/
40/ vQmu yg,ifh? pm;zdkYrwwf/ (uyfy,f? csdefcGif)/
41/ vnf;yif;u yg,ifh? rvIyfEdkif/ (&Duawmif;? a&w
aumif;)/
42/ EIwfoD;u yg,ifh? rwdkYqdwfEdkif/ (bJ? a&c&m;)/
43/ wpfu-q,fxad zmfyg/ (1-ae? 2-v?3yd#uwfo;kH yH?k

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12

44/

45/
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4-t&yfav;rsufEmS ? 5-ig;BuD;tmeEm? 6-ewfjynf

ajcmufxyf? 7-awmifpOf ckepfxyf? 8&Spyf g;oDv?9w&m;? 10-bk&m;)/
ewforD;waumif? xif;ydik ;f av;q,f? aow mwvH;k ?
ydu
k q
f iH g;jym;ESihf 0,fau&\/ ZmvJ/ (ewforD;? wHqyd f
rD;MuKwf-ewforD;wHqdyf? rD;jcpfwH? rD;jcpfcGH)/
ewforD;wHqdyf zsmvdyf/ (rD;aoG;)/
ighysOfyufvuf? wem;oG;D au t&nfxu
G /f
(oeyfcg;aoG;aom ausmufysOf)
csif; dkif;wpfaumif? vSHusDoHk;pif;? xdk;zdkYvdkufvm/
(ig;pif; dkif;)
tzdkijym? oGm;w&m/ (acgif;zD;? bD;)/
tdrw
f ikd ;f tdrw
f ikd ;f ? MuufcsD;pk/ (tdrt
f jcifwYkd csnf
aom ES;D pk)/
tdrw
f ikd ;f tdrw
f ikd ;f ? y'dik ;f qG?J (Edo
Yk ;D ? om;jrwf)/
tzd;k tdraf Mumuf? avmif;wHak rSmuf/ (tdr&f yd )f /
rde;f rwpfa,mufrmS om;w&m?cGyv
f u
kd cf gt&nfxu
G /f
(a&tkef;cdkif? "edcdkif)/
irJ;zif? ieD,uf/ (tdk;ESifhrD;)/
wDwaumif? 'g;axmif/ (yyef;? AAGe;f ? yd;k eodef aumif)/
av;zufav;pD? a'gifah v;zuf/ (Munfrh eS af Mu;rke)f /
pkwu
f D pkwu
f -D x&Haxmif? yif;0gu rD;avmif/
(yef;wl aq;wH)/
wdu
k af oQ wdu
k af oQ-txdu
k x
f u
kd ?f cd;k olvmvSEH iS hf
vdkuf/ (ysm;tHk)/
av;zuf av;pyf? eifrh suEf mS ? ighpmG [yf/ (aMu;rH?k rSe)f
iSuf0ga,S? NrDrSmO/ (eEGif;O? qEGif;O)/
tzd;k a,irG?J oDwq
JG /JG (eysdK;zl;? iSuaf ysmzl;)/
txyftxyf Mumuvyf? tyGirhf xl yGiMhf umjzL/
(pmtkyf)/

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

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13

62/ ip dkif a,S0rfyl? ttlr[d/ (0cGuf? a&tdk;)/

63/ tdrw
f ikd ;f tdrw
f ikd ;f ? ta,S wa,muf? aigufapmuf
apmuf/ (qDrD;cGuf)/
64/ uavGa,Swa,muf? csD;vl;vl;eefY NyD;vm;ca&/
(i kyfoD; ausmufoGm;)/
&cdik yf ef;pum;rsm;onf ajrmufjrm;pGm &Syd gonf/ rQ
udk erlemtjzpf azmfjyjcif;om jzpfygonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf
yef;pum;rsm;udk pkaqmif;vsuf &Sdonf/ aemufpmtkyfrsm;
wGif azmfxw
k o
f mG ;ygrnf/

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

14

&cdkif"avhxHk;pH wdkprsm;
&cdik f ;kd &m "avhx;kH pHrsm;udk &cdik yf nm&Sd rSL;BuD;rwfBuD;
rsm;utp vdu
k ef mavh &So
d nfrsm;udk ud;k um;avQmufxm;
&Scd ahJ Mumif; awGU&SEd ikd o
f nf/ avmuDrq
I o
kd rQ olawmfaumif;
tjypfrjyKEdik yf g[kqakd om r[mynmausmBf uD;\ ,xmblw
obm0tcsufvnf; &So
d nf/ "avhx;kH pHrmS avmuDrI jzpf
onfum; rSe\
f / odaYk omf aMumufojzifh if;? pnf;urf;
uvem; owfrw
S cf suft&if;? vlU,Ofaus;rI pnf;rsOf;t&
if;? tqifhqifhtajccH vdkufemjyKvkyfcJh&jcif;rsm; trsm;
tjym; &Sdonf/
r[mynmausmfavQmufx;kH rSm trwfBuD;r[mynm
ausm\
f a&S;"avhc,
H cl suf vdu
k ef moifch surf sm;ESihf ywfouf
avQmufxm;xH;k rIrsm;&S&d m tenf;i,f xkwjf yygrnf/
rif;zavmif;crnf;awmf rif;bm;BuD;vufxuf 'g*gNrKd U
wGif eef;wnfcahJ omae&mudk ukvm;olaX; tpvifqo
kd u
l
wdkufwnfvdk 'g*gpm;odkY vmbfxdk;jcif;ESifhywfoufaom
jzpf&yfwpfcu
k kd r[mynmausmfu avQmufxm;&mwGif ]]vl
wdkY rdBuD;bBuD; vkyfaqmifxm;cJhaom tcrf;tem;
taqmufttHu
k kd rzsuaf umif;yg/ zsuq
f ;D &acsaomf tusKd ;
r&Sd tjypfoma&mufaMumif; xH;k a[mif;oufao &Syd gonf}}

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

15

[k avQmufxm;ojzifh om;rif;zavmif;u rysufpD;ap&ef

xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf ay;apcJh&onf/
rif;zavmif;vufxuf jyifNrdKUBuD;udk aumifpGmvkyf
aqmifpOf rif;trdet
Yf & vufqnfuefEiS hf tdik w
f t
Ykd Mum;
NrKd Uwxyfpu
D mvsuf vky&f onf/ tkXaf usmuf raumif;ojzifh
yef;aps;ajrmif;zsm; awmifbuf&Sdaom NrdKUESpfxyfrSm jyifNrdKU
onf a&umvkyaf qmifxm;jcif;om jzpfonf/ NrdKUwHwikd ;f
t0ifr[kwf jyifNrdKUudk zsuf vkyfap[k trdefYawmfay;zl;
onf/ xdt
k rdeafY Mumifh r[mynmausmu
f avQmufxm;onf
um;]]a&S;u oifah vQmforQ wifw
h ,fpmG vkyaf qmifxm;cJh
jcif;udk rzsufqD;aumif;yg/ txl;ojzifh a&S;rif;wdkY pHaecJh
&m NrdKU? eef;? xD;? y[dk&fpnf? em&D? xdk4yg;onf pwkpuf
xGe;f &m r*Fvmcsn;f jzpf xdo
k Ykd zsuq
f ;D toH;k jyKjcif;iSm roifh
yg/ waMumif;rlvnf; rif;wdu
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h yfaom t"dywd oH;k yg;
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&mZyvi&f adS om eef;aqmif? ab&DpnfBuD;? A[d&k pf nf&adS om
eef;aqmif? xdo
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rqdwn
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onfudk Munfhjcif;jzifh ordkif;twGufif;? a&S;
a[mif;vuf&m? vlr,
I Ofaus;rI? &mZ0ifqik d &f m yp nf; twGuf
wefbdk;&Sd rzsufqD;oifh xdef;odrf;xm;oifh aMumif;udk
xd k a cwf u ynm&S d r sm;uyif tjrif & S d c J h usif h x H k ; ?
vdu
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hJ ;l aMumif; xH;k "avh oufaocHyif r[kwyf g
avmh/
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f t
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xH;k wpfcu
k kd wifjyvdo
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wpf&Ha&mtcg rD;acsmif;pm; aovGef xdkpm;aus;
&mxl;udk &vdrk jI zifh aygif;xkwu
f Re;f ae ukvm;rsmvD qdo
k u
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tojymwpfaxmifukd rdz&k m;BuD;odYk vmbfx;kd ay;vsuf rD;

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

16

acsmif;t&mudk cHavonf/ xdt

k cg r[mynmausmfu rif;
zavmif;tm; atmufygtwdik ;f ukvm;ESi&hf cdik f t,l0g' ESihf
ywfouf avQmufxHk;jyKcJhonf/
]]t&Sif rif;jrwf? &cdkifwdkY rd dk;zvm t,ltusifhrSm
bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemoH;k yg;udk MunfnKd NrNJ rH apmifx
h ed ;f
rS omoemawmf wnfygonf/ ,if;odYk &cdik t
f ,lEiS hf ukvm;
t,l rwlacs/ yk yf mG ;? qif;wk? "mwfawmf? arGawmfrsm;udk
tvD vuftyk cf sDrt
d hH vufujkd zwf ypfap? ,if;odu
Yk v
k m;
bk&m;trSm usr;f *ef&o
dS nfqkd t,lEiS ahf eolrsm; jzpfyg onf/
&cd k i f w d k Y rif ; usif h 0 wf o*F [ w&m;av;yg;vnf ;
bk&m;t,ludk jynfolwdkYtm; TefjyqHk;rwwfrS rif;jrwf[l
&cdik w
f Ykd bk&m;usrf;*efvmygonf/
]]ukvm;ae&yfrsm;rSm &cdik u
f kd rSL;rwfwifvQif ukvm;
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f ,loYkd a&mufatmif aoG;aqmifygorQ
onf rif;rSL;rwfwYkd tusKd ;vd&k m a&mufygonf/ rif;vnf;
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f aYkd e&yfrsm;
rSm ukvm;udk rSL;rwfxm;aomfvnf; uk;vm;wdYk t,loyYkd g0if
atmif aoG;aqmif jyKav&m &cdkifw&m; uG,fysufvsuf
ukvm;t,ltusifo
h Ykd ygavaomf jynfot
l m; oem;jcif;
r&Sd? xdkrif; tpdk;&aom EdkifiH rdk;rrSef? toD;tyGifh rnD?
t&om r&Sd? Owk&moD rajzmifh? "gwfav;yg; acsmufcsm;
aMumif; a&S;ynm&Sw
d Ykd trSm&Syd gonf/
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l v
kd Qif wdik ;f jynfawmf
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orD;trSwfxm; qHk;rap&ef trdefYawmf&SdNyD; trwfBuD;odkY
0wfpw
kH efqm qkay;awmfral vonf/
,if;odYk a&S;"avhx;kH rIrsm;udv
k nf; rif;utp vdu
k ef m

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

17

cJ&h jcif;rsm; &Scd b

hJ ;l onf/ r[mynmausmfum; avmup u
kd f
csnf; vdkufem&rnf rqdkvdk "rp dkufonfyif avmup dkuf
avmuynwf? avmuusif0h wf? avmuusifx
h ;kH xufom
vGeaf Mumif;/ xdjYk yif avmuDavmukw &mwdYk vnf; usuo
f
a&&Sad Mumif; avQmufx;kH jyKcJzh ;l ao;onf/
rif;zavmif;onf ajrmufO;D NrKd Uudk a&TUajymif;oif?h roifh
aMumif; [l;&m;xGucf sufukd r[mynmausmftm; avQmuf
xm;&ef trdefY&Sdzl;&m vdk&if;udkaumufEIwfjy&vQif]]"gwfawmf? arGawmf? bk&m;? ykx;kd ? yd#uwfusrf;*ef?
oDv0ef? *kP0ef? rSL;aumif;? rwfaumif;? qifaumif;?
jrif;aumif; jynfhpHk wjynfrif;wdkY 0yfpif;MunfndK dkao
av; jrwfpmG om;orD;&wemwdu
Yk kd qufo a&TaiGausmuf
oHyw jrm; yGm;rsm;jcif; &eforl sKd ; ig;yg; rzsuq
f ;D Edik &f maom
ae&m? &efrmefudk atmifjrifaom xGef;vif;aom NrdKUawmf
jzpfvQif omuD0ifrif;wdkY ae&mXme rSefonf/
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l Ykd
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dk f q,fyg;udk MuOfa&Smifapmifh xde;f okp u
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ajrmufvQif xdkt&yfudk &efolrESdyfpufEdkifyg/ avmuD
avmukw &m ESpjf zmyifusufoa&wd;k wufygonf}}
odkY r[mynmausmf\ "avhp dkuftay: tjrif
rSerf sm; usio
hf ;kH csurf sm;udk avhvmEdik af vonf/ ,ck &cdik w
f Ykd
dk;&m"avhrI taxGaxGudk wifjyygtHh/

emrnfay;&m OD;wyf?&SDwyfjcif; "avh

&cdkifwdkY yXrOD;qHk; om;orD;arG;zGm;vmvQif tOD;
tvQif jzpfonfqkd xdo
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emrnf&if; tpjzpfap? tqH;k jzpfap ]]OD;}} wyf rSnahf c:
avh &So
d nf/

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

18

Oyrm-om;OD;udk OD;ompdef? ausmfvSOD;? armifOD;ausmf/

orD;OD;udk rOD;pdef? OD;cdkifvS? cdkifrOD;? vSjrOD;/
xdkodkY OD;wyf rrSnfhbJ ]]&SD}} wyf vnf; rSnfhac:xHk;
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f oHxu
G f jzpfap&rnf/ ]]&S}D } rSm ygVdvkd ]]oD&}d } ou #
vdk ]]&S&}D } jzpfNyD; usufoa&&So
d nf/ xdo
k Ykd teuft"dy g,f
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b*FgvDbmomwdw
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&Sad vonf/
om;jzpfvQif- ausmfZH&SD? vSazmf&SD? atmifausmf&SD?
atmifxeG ;f &S/D
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]]&SD}} wyf trnfrSnfhjcif;rSm om;orD; tOD;?
r[kwu
f vnf; rSnEhf ikd o
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trnf&if;xuf trnfzsm;u tv,fu wyfjcif;jzifh toH;k
rsm;aMumif; awGU&onf/

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um; ydk yif a&SmifMuOfavh&Sdonf/ wl0&D;rSm orD;a,mur
vnf; awmfpyfojzifh &cdkifwdkYwGif av;pm;jcif; dk;om;jcif;
ESrd chf sjcif;? ta&mw0if tuRr;f w0if rjyKjcif;jzifh a&Smifa&Smif
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f w
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h u
kd m; vufc\
H ?

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

19

acs;udk vuffrcH}}[k qdk arG;pm;&onf/ xdkrS xdkaMumif

onf acs;ao;r,dpk eG b
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onf/

toD;tESHudk vufndK;rxdk; rTef&

rnfonft
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f emus
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vkyf jzpfap? vufo;D udq
k yk f jzpfap eT jf yEdik o
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vufn Kd ;xd;k jcif;udo
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onf/ tb,faMumifq
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ypfavh jyKx&Sad o;onf/

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

20
pyg;ykwf qefykwfoHk;&ef&uf

pyg;ykw?f qefyw
k u
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l /

aumufOD;csyHk (rsdK;cs&uf)
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f nfNh yD; v,fuiG ;f
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yif&n
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xdaYk emuf pyg;rsm;\ rdcifqakd om aumufn if; pyg;wpfqyk f
udOk ;D pGm BuJjzefpY u
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pyg;rsdK;rsm;udk BuJysdK;oGm;&avonf/

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k yf sKd ;Edik o
f nf/ ydk rsKd ;rnfukd

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

21

toHk;rjyK& [l\/ ab;bdk;pOfquf Oyrm-tenf;qHk;

aqGrsdK; 3quf (b?bdk;?ab;) oHk;jyKpdkufysdK;zl;vQifum;
aemifvmaemif om; om;ajr;jrpfwYkd oH;k pGpJ u
kd yf sdK;Edik af Mumif;
t,l&w
dS wfMu onf/

acsmif;ajrmif;ul;jzwf&mwGif
acsmif;ajrmif;ul;vQif qEGi;f wufukd udu
k f if;? qEGi;f
r&u opfydkif;wpfckckudk udkuf if; ul;jzwf&onf [l\/
tb,faMumifq
h akd omf qEGi;f udk rdausmif; aMumufavonf/
qEGif;ESifh rdausmif;rSm rwnfh&efol jzpfonf/ rdausmif;
tE&m,ftumtuG,ftwGuf xdkodkYt,l"avhwpfckudk
toH;k jyKavh &Sv
d m&onf[\
l /

yHk;&nfBudKcsuf"avh
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wdYk yg0ifavonf/ xdyk ;kH &nfcsdKudk wjcm;yGv
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jyKwfoHk;jyKavh r&Sdacs/ xdkyGJwdkYrSwyg; rdrdwdkYtdrfrsm;
pm;oHk;vdk csufjyKwfvdku xdkyHk;&nfcsuf&mwGif yg0ifaom
trsdK;trnfwpfcck u
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avQmhxm;ap csufjyKwf om toHk;jyKEdkifonf [l\/

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dS nf/

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

22

aea&mifumudkifojzifh jyK&aom"avh
aea&mifumudik o
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jcif;jzpfavh&o
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uav;o@mef &ufvyk af vonf/ xdw
k iG f axmifh 4-buf?
tcsKd U 8-buf ygonf/ if;axmifh 4-buf? 8-bufpv
kH ;kH wGif
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tdrf0if;NcH wyfwmt&HwdkY aea&mifum udkifcsdefudkvdkuf
(naeudik v
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taemufbuf? eHeufqv
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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

23

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toQifpudE

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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

26

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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

28

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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

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toQifpudE

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toQifpudE

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&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

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toQifpudE

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&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

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toQifpudE

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&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

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toQifpudE

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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

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toQifpudE

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&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

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pnf 5vH;k ? 7vH;k ? 9vH;k ? 11vH;k xd wD;&onf/
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wD;uGuu
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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

.....

[D;.....[D;

.....

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

87

2/ jAapmif..... NAD; [D; [D;.....

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&cdkiforufwuf yef;wsm;ESifhywfouf qufcHvdkuf
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rQjzpfonf/ tvm;wl wD;zl;Muolrsm;xHvnf; ar;jref;pHk
prf; avhvmrSww
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wGif &SmazGawGU&onf/ Oyrm &cdkifrif;Am;BuD; bk&ifvuf
xuf ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfwGif yef;wsm; 0dZmjzpfcJhzl;aom
q&miyifrSm ,ckxd &cdkifwdkYyg;pyfwGif a&yef;pm;vsuf
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aMumif; bk&ifuyif csD;ajr muf txl;jyKcJah Mumif;udu
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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

88

yHkESdyfpmvHk;rsm;aMumifh tcsdKUudk oifhovdkjyKjyifum zwful;

,lc&hJ ojzifh rSww
f rf;udk tjypfwif&efr&Sb
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au ESppf Ofrysuf ewfwufaw/ rif;bmvufxuf tpde;f
t0g;ydv
k aD &/ rif;bmvufxuf tD;a[mufxzkd Ykd wwfyg
vwfau? qkBuD;vm'fBuD; csvDa&/ yef;usm;wD;zdYk wwfyg
vSau? vcar;em yD;vDa&? ynmudk ynmBuD;vJ rSnv
hf D
a&/ r,Hq
k akd u Zmwf0w K jyefajymar/
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l akd u rkpnf;uRef;rSm? Muufraus&GmvdYk [d
vdar/ rif;bmvufxuf usvDa&/ xdktcgau rdrd
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6ESpfom;t&G,f ajrmufvDa&/ ajrmufvSygau? iyifrSm
rif;bmvufxuf vlroif;yJ yef;usif;wD;zdYk wwfvaD &?
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tcgau 'dik ;f *sb
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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

89

wu odv
k v
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H Ykd wynfo
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a&mufvaD &? iyifBuD;rSm rwwfoal u wwfow
l csdKU trsdK;
rsdK;udk oifMum;vdkYvJ jyvDa&/ tcg wynfhrsm;pGma&
wwf vdyYk gau? rif;bmvufxuf iyifBuD;rSm pm;rukeaf u?
iGDudk wu,f ykwfjynfh dkifjynfh [dvDa&/ ,if;tcg iGDudk
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uefbufuv
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vlemrnfukd a&maESmvdYk vJ; urmw
h ef;qm rysuf&a,mif
'dik ;f *sDuefvYkd xm;yga&/ iyifuv
kd nf; 'dik ;f *sDiyif ac:yga&/
um; wu,fih yifue om jzpfyga&/ bk&ifuefonf
r[kwaf cs/
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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

90

]],if;tcg rif;bmBuD;vJ? pdwq

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q&mryg? wynfu
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csKyfvdkYxm;au? rsufpdrsufqef jyefvDa&/
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ygvdar/ urmOD;up yef;wsm;wD;jcif; trIonf urmOD;u
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wu,f rif;bmBuD;rSm wefwm;rxd;k yJ [dvo
D nf}}/

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

91

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jynfeh o
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udak qmif rul;Edik yf gojzifh acsmif;urf;axmifu
h &yfapmuf
aqmuf eef;wGif;rSm [dorQ wynfhwdkYudk yef;usm;wD;vdkY
ac:ygvdar/ em;axmif yef;usm;oH yD;ygrnf/

'dkif;*sDiyif? q&moQif? iyifreD? 'dkif;*sDbufu?

rif;dyUk wfo?H Mum;rda&/ ywfoMH um;au? vdu
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rSmvJ iyifq&m jrifvaD &/ ,if;tcg rif;bmBuD;rSm tvGef
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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

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armifocifau? rif;bmBuD;rSm iyifukd oabmusau?

ojym wpfaxmif qkcs&/ uREfyk rf vJ; iyifukd rif;bmBuD;rSm
oabm wl cGifhjyKa&/ ,if;tcg ajrmufOD;oQifrESifh
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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

&cdik ,f Ofaus;rIrsm; trSw(f 1)

93

Muufn ma&m*g? yef;ema&m*g jzpfonf/

'dkif;*sDbuf- ,ckNrdKUa[mif;NrdKU taemufbuf 'dkif;*sDuRef;
jzpfonf/
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&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

toQifpudE

94

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umvwGif eef;awmfoiG ;f uAsmwpfck tjzpf e,fus,fvm
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