Some applications related to Gas Phenomenon

Mesin motor 4 Tak (4 stroke)

http://rembhol.blogspot.com/2009_08_01_archive.html

Camshaft

16 valves

(Ideal) Gas - An atomic view of thermal energy and temperature Imaginary gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory . Five (5) assumptions of kinetic molecular theory of gas 1. Gases made of tiny particles far apart relative to their size. 2. Collisions between gas particles and between particles and container walls are elastic collisions. elastic collisions = one in which there is no net loss of kinetic energy 3. Gas particles are in continuous random motion . 4. There are no forces of attraction or repulsion between gas particles . 5. The average kinetic energy of gas particles depends on the temperature of the gas. All gases at the same temperature have the same average kinetic energy . Thus, the smaller mass particles-have higher velocity .

http://physicsed.buffalostate.edu/Wiley/CJ6e/links14.html http://whs.wsd.wednet.edu/Faculty/Busse/MathHomePage/busseclasses/apphysics/studyguides/chapter11_2008/Chapter11StudyGuide2008.html

Deskripsi Fisika mengenai Gas 1. Temperature Domain The temperature of an ideal gas is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms that make up the gas.

rms speed and temperature Thermal Energy is directly proportional to temperature.

2. Temperature-Volume Domain

Jacques Charles (1878)

Jacques Charles (1787)

3. Pressure Volume Domain (Boyle's Law)

Robert Boyle

4.

Pressure Temperature Domain (Gay-Lussac's Law)

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1802)

http://www.oswego.edu/~kanbur/a100/lecture10.html

http://cfbt-us.com/wordpress/?cat=5

Ideal Gas Mathematical Description (Ideal Gass Law)

http://www.chemistryland.com/CHM151S/05-Gases/Gases/PuttingGasesToWork151.htm

http://reich-chemistry.wikispaces.com/J.+Brock+Gas+Laws

(pressure X volume = mass X constant R X temperature).

Latihan soal Before going to some sample problems, let's be very clear: EVERY TEMPERATURE USED IN A CALCULATION MUST BE IN KELVINS, NOT DEGREES CELSIUS. The ChemTeam hopes you understand this very well. Repeating it does not hurt: DON'T YOU DARE USE CELSIUS IN A NUMERICAL CALCULATION. USE KELVIN EVERY TIME. Now, please don't send me e-mail asking me what I meant by that. Thanks.

Example #1: A gas is collected and found to fill 2.85 L at 25.0C. What will be its volume at standard temperature? Solution: Convert 25.0C to Kelvin and you get 298 K. Standard temperature is 273 K. We plug into our equation like this:

Remember that you have to plug into the equation in a very specific way. The temperatures and volumes come in connected pairs and you must put them in the proper place.

Example #2: 4.40 L of a gas is collected at 50.0C. What will be its volume upon cooling to 25.0C? First of all, 2.20 L is the wrong answer. Sometimes a student will look at the temperature being cut in half and reason that the volume must also be cut in half. That would be true if the temperature was in Kelvin. However, in this problem the Celsius is cut in half, not the Kelvin. Solution: Convert 50.0C to 323 K and 25.0C to 298 K. Then plug into the equation and solve for x, like this:

Example #3: 5.00 L of a gas is collected at 100 K and then allowed to expand to 20.0 L. What must the new temperature be in order to maintain the same pressure (as required by Charles' Law)? Answer:

Example #4: a 2.5 liter sample of gas is at STP. When the temperature is raised to 273C and the pressure remains constant, what is the new volume? Solution: We know the gas starts at standard temperature, zero degrees Celsius. In Kelvins, that is 273 K. Now, note the ending temperature, 273C. In Kelvins, that is 546 K. The absolute temperature has doubled! Since Charles' Law is a direct relationship, the volume also doubles, to 5.0 L and that is the answer. Setting it up mathematically is left to the reader. Note also, the pressure remains constant, so it simply drops from all consideration in the solving of this problem. After all, it remained constant during the entire problem.

Example #5: An ideal gas at 7.00 C is in a spherical flexible container having a radius of 1.18 cm. The gas is heated at constant pressure to 88.0 C. Determine the radius of the spherical container after the gas is heated. [Volume of a sphere = (4/3)r3] Solution: 1) Convert Celsius to Kelvin: 7.00 C = 280.0 K 88.0 C = 361.0 K 2) Set up Charles' law equation: (1.18)3 / 280 = x3 / 361 x = 1.28 cm Note that the (4/3) factor drops out. This is because it remains constant during the entire problem, so it can be divided out. If the problem had asked for the new volume (as opposed to the new radius), we could have include it at the end of the problem. Like this: V = (4/3) (3.14159) (1.28)3 Also, note that the cube remains in step #2 above. This is because the volume change is proportional to the cube of the radius, not the radius itself.