Weekly Questions Week: 2 Cycle of Infection 1 1. All of the following are mechanisms of disease production except a. invasiveness b.

toxicity c. allergy d. virulence 2. Case fatality rate is measured based on: a. infectibility b. virulence c. antigenic power d. viability of organism 3. Higher dose of infection will increase a. resistance of bacteria b. sensitivity to antibiotic c. severity of disease d. capacity of invasiveness 4. What is 2nd most common reservoir of infection? a. man b. soil c. plant d. animal 5. All of these are reasons why carriers are dangerous except a. not always possible to deal with b. difficult to discover c. do not show clinical manifestation d. short duration of carriage in some communicable disease 6. Three consecutive bacteriological examinations need to be carried out before release of cases in a. convalescent carrier b. chronic carrier c. permanent carrier d. incubatory carrier 7. Staphylococcal infection occurs in a. skin carrier b. upper respiratory tract carrier c. transient carrier d. contact carrier

Medical Entomology

8. The anthropod classified as Crustecea is a. ticks b. copepode c. flies d. scorpions 9. Mites may have the following characteristics except: a. Small in size b. Poorly developed mouth parts c. Thin and membranous cuticle d. Thick and leathery cuticle 10. Ticks have the following characteristics except: a. Body hairs are absent b. Undergo complete metamorphosis c. Included in the class Acarina d. Thick and leathery cuticle 11. Development of microfilaria within Culex mosquito is an example of a. Cyclodevelopmental transmission b. Cyclopropagative transmission c. Propagative transmission d. None of the above 12. The thorax of the athropods of the class Insecta a. 4 pairs of legs b. Have one pair of wings c. Consist of segments d. Have segments modified into sexual organs

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor 13. Absorption of tetracycline is impaired by multivalent cations which are the following except: a. Ca 2+ present in dairy products b. Iron containing preparation c. Mg 2+ and Al 3+ containing antacids d. Na 2+ containing preparation 14. These are the clinical uses of erythromycin except: a. Drug of choice in corynebacterial infections b. Treatment of serious rickettsial infections c. In Chlamydia infection d. Treatment of community acquired pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma 15. The auditory division is mostly affected by these drugs of aminoglycosides except: a. Clarithromycin b. Neomycin c. Kanamycin d. Amikacin 16. Which of the following describe clindamycin? a. Ineffective against gram ve aerobes so combined with an aminoglycoside b. Unstable in acid medium therefore it is administered by oral c. Does not affect liver microsomal enzymes d. Effective against resistant strains to other macrolides 17. All the following are the examples of protein synthesis inhibitor which bind to 50s ribosome except: a. Macrolides b .Clindamycin c. Tetracyclines d. Chloramphenicol

BACTERIAL RESISTANCE TO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS 18. The bacteria acquired resistance by spontaneous mutation that control their susceptibility to a given drugs. This will result in a. mutation of the gene in the plasmid b. gene exchange c. change in structural receptor for a drug d. formation of cell envelope 19. Which of the following regarding R factors is INCORRECT? a. carry the genes that code for acetyltransferase b. its product inhibit active transpot of tetracycline c. a class of plasmids d. cause changes in structural receptor of the bacteria 20. Below are the mechanisms of drug resistance. Choose the correct answers. I. formation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase II. change in the permeability for the drug III. displacement of the some drugs from their protein binding site IV. ability of bacteria to utilize preformed folic acid a. b. I,II,III II,III,IV c. I,III,IV d. I,II,IV

21. Which of the following is true regarding cross resistance? a. known as drug tolerance b. microorganism resistant to certain drug may also resistant to other drugs that similar physical characteristics c. both drugs mainly not closely related chemically d. patients with history of anaphylaxis to cephalosporins, the use of penicillin should be minimized 22. Which of the following regarding genetic origin resistance is correct? a. occurs within fequency of 10-8 -10-12 b. it is frequently to happen c. result in change structural receptor for a drug d. developed as result of spontaneous mutation 23. Which of the following may be the cause of the metabolically inactive bacteria to be resistant? a. due to absence of target structure b. presence of permeability on its cell envelope c. less energy is consumed for their activity d. antibiotics only act on actively dividing bacteria

FLUOROQUINOLONES AND SULPHONAMIDE 24. All are 2nd group agent of fluoroquinolones except a. Ofloxacin b. Ciprofloxacin c. Gatifloxacin d. Levofloxacin 25. All fluoroquinolone drugs are effective against resistant intra-abdominal and respiratory tract infection except a. Norfloxacine b. Trovafloxacin c. Ciprofloxacin d. Gatifloxacine 26. One of the adverse effect of fluoroquinolone drugs are a. Bone marrow depression b. Steven's Johnson syndrome c. Ototoxicity d. Tendon damage and rupture 27. What are the first choice drugs to be used in the treatment of typhoid and parathyphoid ? a. Co-trimoxazole b. Chloramphenicol c. Erythromycin d. Ciprofloxacin 28. Co-trimoxazole is combination of a. Ampicillin and sulbactam b. Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole c. Erythromycin and chloramphenicol d. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid

SCABEIS 29. Nocturnal itching Intense irritation at night Secondary bacterial infection and pustule formation may occur

The following are characteristics symptom produce by which organism: a. allergenic mite in house dust b. scorpion c. sarcoptes scabie d. ixodoidea 30. What is the difference in mode of transmission between disease transmitted by hard and soft tick? a. bite b. coxal fluid c. crushing d. faeces 31. The following are disease transmitted by hard tick: I endemic relapsing fever II spirochaetal infection III Rocky mountain spotted fever IV Persian type of relapsing fever a. b. c. d. I &II only II & III only II, III & IV only all of the above

32. The following are usual site for mites to live in the skin EXCEPT : a. shoulder b. elbows c. flexor aspect of arm d. behind ear 33. Which of the following is the FALSE treatment for sarcoptes scabie? a. infested part should be scrubbed thoroughly by soap and warm water using hard brush (lifa) b. the site are rubbed with acaricidal lotion c. treatment is repeated with 3 succesive days d. the patients clothes and bed sheet should be sterilized by boiling

INSECTS AS DISEASE TRANSMITTER 34. Infection can only be done by crushing the louse. This is disease transmitted by .. named . a. lice, rickesttsial disease b. lice, epidemic relapsing fever c. sarcoptes scabie, scabies d. fleas, plague Tunga penetrans is a type of flea that act as a causative agent. These are all the manifestation from this insect EXCEPT a. ulceration b. gangrene c. abscess formation d. dermatitis Choose the right statements a. apply gammaxane powder to kill bed bugs b. Flea dermatitis can be treated by surgical removal c. larvae of filarial worm enter human body by mosquitoes bite d. plague is essentially a disease of rodents An efficient malaria vector fulfilled these requirements EXCEPT a. they must be fully susceptible to infection by gametocyte b. they must feed frequently on human blood c. their life span must exceed the complete development period of parasite in the vector itself d. the parasite must be produced in adequate numbers to maintain transmission If a person was infected by head lice and need a rapid knocking effect over the lice, which action should the person take? a. shave the pubic or axillary hair b. boil the underwear c. use a synthetic pyrethroid [Licid] d. apply Malathion [ quick] on infected area

35.

36.

37.

38.

GENERAL FEATURES OF VIRUSES 39. Which of the following is a FALSE statement for viruses? a. size of viruses range from 20-400 nm b. virus can be divided according to its size c. viruses could affect human only d. the virion is the complete infectious viral particle The virion is composed of : a. genome b. capsid c. envelope d. all of above Which of the following is type of symmetry exist in viruses? a. spherical symmetry b. helical symmetry c. filamentous symmetry d. simple symmetry What is the example of complex symmetry ? a. pox viruses b. rhabdoviruses c. herpes virus d. adeno viruses Which of the following are TRUE about defective viruses? defective virus doesnt require helper activity from another virus genome for some step in replication and maturation Adeno associated virus (AAV) is one of the example of defective virus A defective virus is one that lacks one or more functional genes required for viral replication Delta agent (Hepatitis D virus) replicates only in presence pf co-infecting hepatitis B virus a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. ii, iii and iv d. i, ii, iii, and iv Viruses are stable at : a. -70oC b. 100oC c. 0oC d. 70oC

40.

41.

42.

43. i. ii. iii. iv.

44.

45.

Families X species strains All the following are false about X, EXCEPT a. Viruses are separated into major groups called X b. X is classify based on the nucleic acid genome and the morphology of the virus c. The suffix of X is -virinae d. X is classification of viruses based on physiochemical or serological properties.

MEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF ARACHNIDA

46.

All of following are false about effect of venom injected by scorpion EXCEPT a. abdominal muscle dilatation or convulsion is possible clinical manifestation b. glossopharyngeal nerve involvement cause a lot of sweating, excess salivation, difficulty of speech and swallowing with vomiting c. slow intense aching pain with burning sensation radiating from the site of the sting d. systemic symptoms especially of finger, toes, tip of the nose and cheek

47.

What is NOT general treatment for scorpion sting? a. b. c. d. suitable topical or parenteral analgesic injection of antivenin general supportive treatment maintenance of airway

48.

Diseases transmitted by soft tick are I. II. III. IV. a. b. c. d. Spirochaetal infection Bacterial diseases Viral diseases Rickettsial diseases I and II I and IV II and IV III and IV

49.

All of following are incorrect about diseases transmitted by hard and soft tick EXCEPT a. Babesia organisms can cause aplastic anaemia in splenectomized individuals b. Russian- Spring Summer Encephalitis, Undulant Fever and Western Encephalomyelitis are main viral diseases transmitted by hard tick c. Relapsing Fever causing organisms may either enter the puncture wound or penetrate the intact skin d. there is also transovarial transmission in Brucellosis

50.

All of following is true about hard ticks as causative agents of diseases EXCEPT a. b. c. d. dermatosis can occur by detached mouth parts that remain in the tissues the one of syndromes of tick paralysis is dysphagia anaemia occurring in heavy infestation tick paralysis caused by nephrotoxin in salivary secretions

CYCLE OF INFECTION (II) 51. Ahmad had flu and he wore mask all the time in order to prevent spreading of infection. Kevin, his neighbor come to visit him in the house. During the visit, Kevin kept coughing all the time and didnt mind of covering them. A week later, Ahmad has fully recovered from the flu. He started cleaning the house, since he cant afford to do so when he had the flu. When he was sweeping the floor, Ravin, a friend of Kevin, came and told him that Kevin being admitted to hospital due to TB. Two weeks after that, Ahmad experiences a very bad coughing. When he saw the doctor, he is positive of having TB. So, how this disease is being transmitted? a. b. c. d. 52. Incubation period: The time interval between exposure to an infectious agents and appearance of the first sign or symptom of the disease. The length of incubation period depends on the following factors EXCEPT a. b. c. d. Toxin causes delayed incubation period High virulence of the organism, shorten the incubation period The bigger the size of the inoculums, the shorter the incubation period Immune compromised person will have shorter incubation period Direct contact transmission Droplet transmission Air born transmission Indirect contact transmission

53. This is the first year for Raziq in Alexandria. As the winter getting closer, he starts to experience cold and influenza. Alhamdulillah, after a week, he recovered completely. After a year, he still gets the cold and influenza when winter begins. Based on the statement, what is the most possible reason that his immunity could not protect him against the influenza? a. b. c. d. He had his immunity suppressed by chronic disease such as cancer or diabetes The immunity build is for a short period of time He went to Matrouh and swam at Agabi beach at the beginning of winter He administered some drugs or medications that destroy his antibodies towards influenza

54. Herd immunity is the state of immunity within the community. All the following factors influence herd immunity EXCEPT a. b. c. d. Past experience with different infections The extent of coverage of the immunization program Constitution of a country that protect certain people under certain immunity Overcrowding and environmental sanitation

55.

All the following are the ideal immunizing agent characteristics EXCEPT a. b. c. d. Antigenically unstable Have minimal side effect Give durable immunity Easy in administration