GLOBALIZATION and EDUCATION

Renson A. Robles Jonathan Camus

GLOBALIZATION
Used to describe the growing integration of economics worldwide through increase in trade, investment flows and technology transfer. The term conveys a sense that international forces are driving more and more developments in the world, and thus crystallizes both hopes of some people that will finally achieve a global society and the fears of many others that their lives and jobs are threatened by forces beyond control.

GLOBALIZATION
Globalization refers to the growing interconnectedness and interdependence of people and institutions throughout the world. Although these terms have elements in common, they have taken on technical meanings that distinguish them from each other and from common usage.

Globalization and Education

Education systems constitute the core of globalization process. An education for globalization should therefore nurture the higher order cognitive and interpersonal skills required for problem finding, problem solving, articulating arguments and deploying verifiables facts or artifacts.

The Aim of Global Education

Extends students awareness of the world in which they live by opening them to the diverse heritage of human thoughts and action and creativity. Global education place particular emphasis on the changes in communication and relationships among people throughout the world highlighting such issues as human conflict, economic systems, human rights and social justice, human commonality and diversity, literatures and cultures and the impact of technological evolution.

Characteristics of Globalization that can be linked to Education

In educational terms, there is a growing understanding that the neo liberal version of globalization, particularly as implemented by bilateral, multilateral, and international organizations, is reflected in an educational agenda that privileges, if not directly imposes, particular policies of evaluation, financing, assessment, standards, teacher training, curriculum, instruction and testing.

Characteristics of Globalization
In economics terms, a rise in internationalized advertising and consumption patterns; a reduction in barriers to the free flow of goods, workers and investments across national borders; and correspondingly, new pressures on the role of workers and consumers in society. In political terms, a certain loss of nation state sovereignty or at least the erosion of national autonomy and correspondingly, a weakening of the notion of the citizen as a unified and unifying concepts, a concept that can be characterized by precise roles, rights, obligations and status.

Characteristics of Globalization
In cultural terms, a tension between the ways in which globalization brings forth more standardization and cultural homogeneity, while also bringing more fragmentation through the rise of locally oriented movements.

Aspect of Globalization
Globalization has various aspects which affect the world in a variety of way.
1. Industrial Globalization, trans - nationalization. This refers to the rise and expansion of multinational and transnational enterprises. 2. Financial Globalization. The emergence of world wide financial markets and better access to external financing for corporate, national and sub national borrowers.

3. Political Globalization. This refers to the sphere of interests to the regions and countries outside the neighborhood of political (state and non state) actors and the potential formation of global citizen movement.

4. Informational Globalization. This refers to the increase in information flows between geographically remote locations.

5. Cultural Globalization. This refers to the growth of cross cultural contacts 6. Globalism. This refers to the universal, internationalist impulse that the world is connected. It refers to the connection between cultures, nations, and people; embodies cultural diffusion, the desire to consume and enjoy foreign products and ideas, adopt new technologies and practices, and participate in world culture.

Implications of Global Information

1. Demand for widening the education access for all. 2. Continuous lifelong learning 3. Global versus local culture developments 4.Creation of new educational networked organizations 5. Changing of educational management from hierarchical institutions to equal distributions of network organizations from commanding to negotiating. 6. Demands for more flexible and general skills.

Core Values and Competencies for Global Education 1. Peace and Non - Violence 2. Social Justice and Human Rights 3. Economic Well Being and Equity 4. Cultural Integrity 5. Ecological Balance 6. Democratic Participation

Core Skills and Competencies Global Education 1. Self Worth and Self Affirmation 2. The affirmation of others including, cultural and racial differences 3. Critical Thinking 4. Effective Communication including active listening 5. Non violent conflict resolution 6. Imagination 7. Effective Organizing

SOCIO CULTURAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ISSUES OF GLOBALIZATION

Socio- cultural Issues

1. Massive Migration 2. Managing Differences 3. Global changes in cultural which deeply affect educational policies, practices and institutions.

Economic Issues
Globalization brings about opportunities for education, particularly in the ways that new technologies can be put to work to improve both the quantity and quality of education worldwide. Increasing efforts to improve basic education particularly in developing countries will surely help narrow income gaps with developed countries. The current cycle of globalization is in part the product of new global media, information and communication technologies and systems across vast distances.

 Globalization is affecting employment touches one of the primary traditional goals of education, preparation for work
The border economic effects of globalization tend to force national educational policies into neo liberal framework that emphasizes lower taxes, shrinking state sector and doing more with less promoting market approaches to school choice rational management of school organizations; performance assessment and deregulation in order to encourage new providers of educational services.

Political Issues
At the political level, there has been the constraint on national / state policy making posed by external demands from transnational institutions.

Educational institutions may have crucial role to play in addressing these problems, and the complex network of intended and unintended human consequences that have followed from growth of global corporations, global mobility, global communication and global expansion.

GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON EDUCATION

The impact of globalization and the manner in which the system should respond to the needs of globalization would require to be studied basically under two broad heads, s follows: 1. The needed reforms within the educational system like content, equity, sand excellence, etc., and 2. The fall out of globalization, which will entail determining strategies relating to the impending internationalization of education, finance related issues and privatization of secondary and higher education.

Reforms in Education:
Education will need rethinking and restructuring if schooling is to best prepare the children and the youth of the world to engage globalizations new challenges, opportunities and costs 1. Content of Education. Regarding the reforms in the content of education, the following need to be done:

a. Curriculum Up - gradation b. Product Orientation

The Fall Out of Globalization

A. Internationalization of Education. Implicit in the system of globalization is the inevitably of the internationalization of the educational system, particularly at the higher education stage. B. Finance Related Issues. In order to be part of global configuration, the requirement of funds for social services including education will increase manifold. C. Privatization of Secondary and Higher Education. As a corollary to the suggestions about reducing public investment in secondary and higher education, a plea has been made to hand over these sectors to private bodies.