C.

C AT

NAME SHAPE ORGAN OF ATTACHMENT GENERAL MORPHOLOGY DIGESIVE SYSTEM

TREMATODA Flukes Leaf-like, pear shaped, elongate, covered by cuticle (smooth, spiny or tuberculated) 2 suckers 3 layers of muscle fiber, bulk of body consists a spongy tissue Mouth opening at the bottom of the oral sucker, then lead to pharynx, then to oesophagus which bifurcate into 2 long blind intestinal caeca Hermaphrodites Excretory cells, then pass to excretory tubules, then excretory duct, then excretory bladder and finally discharge through pore at posterior end Ring of nerve ganglia around the pharynx and ramify there Miracidium (water)-snail-sporocystRediae (2nd gen)-cercariae (larva)definitive host@intermediate host

CESTOIDEA Tapeworms Flat, ribbon like & segmented Bothria or suckers, with or without rostellum and hooks Body is divided into head or scolex, neck and proglottids or segments. Chain of proglottids is called srobila. No alimentary tract. Nutrients absorbed through cuticle or tegument (inactivate host digestive enzyme) Hermaphrodites Flame cells, collecting ventral and dorsal tubules running laterally and finally discharge through bladder at terminal proglottid In the scolex 1. Pseudophyllidea: coracidium (water)-cyclops-precercoid larvae-fish-plerocercoid larvae-definitive host Cyclophyllidea: intermediate host-hexacanth embryo (oncosphere)-definitive host

PHLYUM NEMATODA Unsegment, elongate, cylindrical worms with body cavity and patent digestive tract Tapering at both ends, body covered by cuticle (smooth or marked) made of sceleroprotein (resist digestive juice) Mouth opening anteriorly and ending posteriorly by an anus in females and cloacal opening n males Consists of a series of long tubules coiled around intestine 2 lateral longitudinal canals connected by transverse tube which open in cervical region Nerve ring surrounding oesophagus from which extend anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM EXCRETORY SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE

2.