A 1 h 2 3 Chapter

B Question #

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Term

Page 402b and 402 para 2

Answer

Explnation

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1 breathing in

inspiration (in, - spir/o, -ation) t2 Also inhalation Although the sense of smell, olfaction, is not strictly a function of respiration, it is accomplished by the tissue in the nasal cavity, which receives the stimulus for smell an routes it to the brain through the nervous system. Excreting the waste product of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide (CO2). External respiration is he process of exchanging O2 an CO2 between the external environment and the lungs. Internal respiration is the exchanges of gases etween the lungs and blood. The function of producing sound for speech and singing is accomplished by the intereaction of air and the structures of the voice box, the larynx, and the hollow cavities, the sinuses, connected to the nasal passages.

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2 smell

402

para 4t olfaction

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3 waste product respiration

402

line 3t Carbon dioxide (CO2)--Capn/o para3b External respiration

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4 production of sound

402 408t

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5 lower respiratory system

402 403

para 3t larynx and sinuses t1 phon/o trache/o the trachea (wind pipe), bronchial tree, and lungs. Physiologically, it is divided Physiologically, it is divided into conduction para 3b into onduction passageways and gas Fig. 11-1 exchange surfaces. passageways and gas exchange surfaces. pharyng/o;laryng/o;rhin/o or nas/o nose, pharynx (the throat) and larynx para 3b (voice box).

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6 upper respiratory system

402

10

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gasses exchange - lungs + 7 blood

404

bottom internal respiration

The bronchules end in microscopic ducts cappedby air sacs called alveoli (sing. alveolus). Each alveolus is in contact with a blood capllary to provide a means of exchange of gases. It is at this point that O2 is diffused across cell membranes and bthe bloodcells, and CO2 is diffused out to be expired.

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A 2 11 Chapter 11

B Question # 8 plural sinus

C Term

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9 part of throat behind mouth

E F Item Page Number Answer Bottom: be 402b careful sinuses oropharynx (or/o = mouth); pharyng/o = 404b t3 pharynx=throat).

G Explnation The plural of sinus is not sini, but sinuses. The oropharynx is the part of the throat posterior to the oral cavity. Air enters the body through the two nares (nostrils) of the nose that are separated by the nasal septum.

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10 nostrils

402

para 1b nares

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12

11 31 pairs of spinal neres

text, bottom "be careful" Fig 12-1 on redicul/o or rhiz/o 440 page 441 (nerve root)

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the tissues of the body. There are organized into 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

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12 12

12 single afferent nerve 13 loss memory

446 447 440 450t

b1 Fig. 12-7 para 3b t1

Dermatomes are skin surface areas supplied bya single afferent spinal nerve. These areas are so specific that it is actually possible to map the body by dermatomes (Fig. 12-7 on page 447). Afferent nerves carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord. Efferent nerves carry impulses from the brain and Dermatome (dermat/o = skin; -tome = spinal cord to either voluntary or involuntary instrument used to cut) muscles. Loss of memory caused by brain damage or Amnesia severe emotional trauma.

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12

14 onset seizure

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epileptic_seizure Clinicians organize different types of seizure Aura;Neuromuscula reaction to according to whether the source of the seizure abnormal electrical activity within the within the brain is localized (partial- or focal- onset brain (Fig 12-19 on page 465). Causes seizures) or distributed (generalized seizures). include fever or epilepsy, a recurring Partial seizures are further divided on the extent to 450t b2 seizure disorder; also called which consciousness is affected (simple partial 465 Fig. 12-19 convulsions. seizures and complex partial seizures).

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G Explnation Vagus nverve is the longest cranal nerve, extending from the brain to the abdomen. It brings snesory information back to the brain from ear, tongue, pharynx and larynx (http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?arti clekey=7631).

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15 fainting -- emotional stress

451t

Vasovagal attack is a form of syncope that resusults from abrupt emotional stress involving the vagus t1 nerve'seffect on blood vessels.

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16 athetosis 17 difficult swallowing prickling, burning or 18 numbness

453t 450t 450t

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19 disorder walking

450t

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20 involuntary contraction

450t

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21 lack muscular coordination

450t

Continuous, involuntary, slow, writhing t3 (twisting) movement of the extremities. dysphagia (dys- = difficult; phag/o = Condition of difficulty with swallowing. t5 eat; -ia = condition) parasthesia (para- = abnormal; Feeling of prickling, burning or numbness. b3 esthsi/o = feeling, -ia = condition) Diorder in the manner of walking. An example is ataxia, a lack of muscular coordination, as in cerebral palsy. b6 gait, abnormal fasciculation = involuntary contration of small, localmuscles. Spasm = involuntary muscle contraction of sudden onset. Examples are hiccoughs, tics, and t7, b1 fasciculation stuttering. Diorder in the manner of walking. An example is ataxia, a lack of muscular coordination, as in cerebral palsy. b6 ataxia dyssomnia = disorders of the sleep-wake cycles. Insomnia = iability to sleep or stay asleep hypersomnia = excessive depthor lengthof sleep, which may be accompanied by daytime sleepiness. Dizziness; abnormal sensation of movement when there is none, either of oneself moving, or of objects moving around oneself. Seizure is a neuromuscular reaction to abnormal electrical activity within the brain. Causes include fever or epilepsy, a recurring seizure disorder; also called convulsions.

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22 excessive sleep

450t

t6 hypersomnia

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23 dizziness

451t

t3 vertigo

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24 convulsions

450t

b2 Seizure. Also called convulsions.

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25 apraxia

451t

Apraxia (a- = no, not, without; prax/o Inability to perform purposeful movements or to b2 = purposeful moement; -ia = condition) use objects appropriately.

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