XY DNG H THNG RAID HON CHNH

WEDNESDAY, 20. JANUARY 2010, 09:13:08

Xy dng h thng raid cho Server l mt trong nhng cng vic rt quan trng ca nhng IT qun tr cc h thng mng my tnh. Ty vo quy m v ng dng ca mi Server m ta xy dng h thng Raid cho ph hp v n nh da trn cc yu t tc , an ton d liu, tnh linh hot trong thay th bo tr.... Ti c qua rt nhiu cc bi vit ca nhiu din n din gii v h thng RAID tuy nhin ti cm thy rt kh hiu cho cc bn mi vo ngh qun tr, trong bi vit ny ti s c gng dng nhng t ng tht n gin cho cc bn hiu y hn. 1. Phn bit RAID: Lc ti cn l sinh vin, v c s vt cht nh trng cn " khim tn " nn cc bi LAB thng lm trn my o v ch lm Raid " mm " trn WinDows, v cng n gin v my o mun to bao nhiu cng m chng c. T ti c hai suy ngh th no l Raid cng v th no l Raid mm m cc ti liu hay c h thng ni n. Vy l ti suy ngh lin Raid mm l Raid thng qua h iu hnh hoc phn mm chy raid, cn Raid cng l c thit b phn cng h tr -> iu ny ng hay sai ????? Xin tha: hon ton sai ........ ti vn cha nhn ra iu ny cho n khi thc s nghin cu v raid. Raid c vit tc t: Redundant Array of Independent Disks Raid cng l Raid dng phn cng iu khin v ta c th vo giao din giao din phn mm ca card Riad to cc mng Raid m khng phi dng bt k phn mm no nh Windows , Linux ,...... Raid Onboard cng l Raid cng nu n dng chip iu khin Raid, Raid CPU ( chp )tch hp trn mainboard, n l mt ty chn r tin kiu add- in . N c nhng tnh nng nh nhng card raid. Tuy nhin, nhng Card Raid chuyn dng cung cp nhiu tnh nng nng cao, m rng cao hn nhiu so vi Raid onboard, cung cp chia mng cc ln hng trm TB, vn hnh tt hn rt nhiu. Tm li : Raid cng phi hi t cc yu t sau : - on-board I / O cho b vi x l (CPU) - on-board XOR off-load engine - Cache memory Ngoi ra, n cn c chc nng cu hnh Raid, bo v d liu khi boot h thng. Mt s Card Raid cng r tin s dng Cache Memory h thng ( khng dng trn Card ) vn gi l Raid cng.

Raid Mm: l cc trng hp cn li ca raid cng, vi mt thng tin duy nht " nu card raid hoc mainboard h tr raid nhng li khng c CPU ring x l raid th n l raid mm ". Gii thch cho cu ni trn l chng ta c nhng card raid gn ri, hoc h tr trn mainboard nhng ly CPU v RAM ca PC/Server iu khin h thng th vn gi l RAID mm.

Cc thnh phn trn Mainboard ca Server .

Cc card raid mu ( cng hay mm th cc bn t phn bit nh 2. Cc dng raid:

HOST RAID: l cc dng raid m thit b h tr, ta s tm hiu Host raid nh sau: Raid 0: - y l dng RAID c bn nht, d liu c ghi xen k vi mc ch tng cng tc truy cp d liu trong cng . N lm vic bng cch chia nhng file ghi trn a thnh nhiu mu ( gi l xen k ) v ghi nhng mu ny trn nhng cng khc nhau . V d nu bn c file vi dung lng 200KB v 02 a cng , n s ct thnh hai mu 100KB mi mt mu ghi trn cng khc nhau. Bn hy so snh khi chp 2 GB d liu ln 1 cng v 2 gb d liu ln 2 cng th thi gian s nh th no ? t hnh dung cho 2 TB. - Dung lng tng cng ca cng trong h thng raid 0 bng tng dung lng ca hai a . Nu chng ta dng 02 cng 80GB th h thng a ca chng ta l 160GB . Do nu bn mun tng hiu sut lm vic ca h thng th bn c th xem xt vic mua 02 cng dung lng nh v thit lp cu hnh h thng dng RAID0 thay th cho vic mua 01 cng c dung lng ln .

Raid 1 : - y cng l dng RAID c bn nht c kh nng m bo an ton d liu. RAID 1 i hi t nht hai a cng lm vic. D liu c ghi vo 2 ging ht nhau (Mirroring). Trong trng hp mt b trc trc, cn li s tip tc hot ng bnh thng. Bn c th thay th a b hng m khng phi lo lng n vn thng tin tht lc. - i vi RAID 1, hiu nng khng phi l yu t hng u nh raid 0. Tuy nhin i vi qun tr mng hoc nhng ai phi qun l nhiu thng tin quan trng th h thng RAID 1 l th khng th thiu. Dung lng cui cng ca h thng RAID 1 bng dung lng ca n (hai 250GB chy RAID 1 s cho h thng nhn thy duy nht mt RAID 250GB).

Cc dng Raid khc: - Khi cc bn hiu r hai dng raid 0 v raid 1 ri th cc dng khc cng tng t trn nguyn l ny nhng c s thay i y l ghi v lu trn nhiu a, ti gi d raid 5 vi 4 a s c ghi v lu theo nguyn l sau:

Theo hnh chng ta thy hai vn l ghi d liu ln nhiu cng v lu chng vo 1 ni v lun phin din ra lin tc.

3.Hng dn xy dng h thng RAID: c h thng RAID trong my tnh , ta cn hai iu : - C phn iu khin RAID . - t nht hai cng tr ln. Phn iu khin RAID (Raid Controller): u tin chng ta kim tra xem trn Mainboard c tch hp phn iu khin RAID hay khng . lm c iu ny tt hn ht chng ta nn c sch hng dn i km theo Maiboard . Hoc cng c th xem Chipset ca Mainboard - loi South Bridge ( hay c gi l ICH , I/O Controller Hub i vi Chipset ca Intel ) c ch R th c ngha l h tr RAID . V d Chip ICH7 th khng c nhng ICH7R th

c tnh nng ny . Tng t nh th i vi nhng nh sn xut khc . V d VIA VT8237R th c RAID , nhng VT8237 th khng c. C mt vi nh sn xut gi RAID theo tn gi do h t ra nh Intel Matrix Storage hoc nVidia MediaShield Storage hoc i loi nh vy . Nhiu Mainboard c nhng Chip thm vo cung cp nhiu cng dng cho cng ca cc hng nh : SiliconImage, JMicron, Marvell, Promise v HighPoint . Thng thng nhng Chip thm vo ny c tch hp vi phn iu khin RAID . Do nu nhng Chipset ca Mainboard khng h tr RAID nhng nhng Chip thm vo th li c , lc th bn phi ci cng vo cng gn vi Chip ny m khng dng cng cng t Chipset South Bridge.

Chng ta xem chi tit Mainboard Intel D975XBX2, Mainboard ny c 08 cng SATA II trong : 04 cng c iu khin bi Chipset (Intel 975XBX, dng ICH7R SouthBridge) v 04 cng c iu khin bi Chip Marvell 88SE6145 . C hai Chip ny u c tch hp iu khin RAID , nhng nu Chipset dng loi SouthBridge khc ( v d ICH7 ) th chng ta dng RAID 04 cng SATA II ph t Marvell 88SE6145 .

Trong tnh hung trn chng ta c 02 Chip cho php dng RAID nn nhng cng phi c lp theo nhm cng . Intel dng mu en trn cng SATA ni vi Chipset v mu xanh nc bin trn cng SATA ni vi Chip thm vo . Do 02 cng ca chng ta phi cm trn cng cng mt mu . i vi Mainboard m Chipset c sn RAID th chng ta hay thch s dng nhng cng ny ni vi cng ( trong hnh trn l cng mu en ) . Lp t phn cng Qu trnh lp ci t RAID c chia thnh 03 phn : - Lp t phn cng , lc chng ta cm cng vo my tnh ca mnh vo nhng ch m s h tr cho h thng RAID . - Cu hnh RAID chng ta thit lp h thng dng 02, hoc nhiu cng nh l mt mng RAID . - Ci t h iu hnh , chng ta cn h iu hnh ti Driver ring bit nhn ra mng RAID. Mt iu cn ch , nu c d liu quan trng trn a th phi Backup trc v trong qu trnh ci t h thng RAID mi d liu trn cng trc kia s b xo hon ton . Vic cm cng l iu v cng n gin : ci cng vo my , ni dy ngun vo mi cng , cm cable tn hiu ca cng vo cng cng tng ng trn Mainboard ( nu Mainboard khng h tr RAID th phi mua Card iu khin RAID v ni cable tn hiu cng vo Card ) . Tt nhin tt c cng vic trn thc hin trong lc my tnh tt. Mt iu quan trng dng nhng cng m c th mang li hiu qu cao nht l cng ca chng ta cng phi t c ng tnh nng k thut ca n . C hai chun cng chnh hin nay l PATA ( hay cn gi l IDE ) v SATA . Cng PATA ngy nay t c s dng v cng SATA l chun ang c thng dng . Nu lp rp h thng mi chng ta khng nn dng a chun PATA . PATA c th cn hai tc ATA100 v ATA133 . Hin nhin tt nht chng ta nu dng loi cng ny th dng ATA133 cng vi cng ATA133 . tng hiu sut cao nht khng nn hai cng dng chung mt Cable ch Master v Slave v nn mi dng Cable ring vi ch Master . Tht khng may mn nhng Mainboard mi khng c nhiu hn hai knh IDE trn Mainboard nn vic la chn dng nhng cng PATA l iu bt kh khng. Chng ta cng khng nn qun rng cng PATA cng c th h tr RAID

 hnh trn cng PATA khng c iu khin bng Chipset m c iu khin bi Chip thm vo h tr RAID l GigaRAID. Do PATA dn dn b loi b khi h thng nn chng ta tp trung v SATA . SATA c th c hai tc : SATA I ( 1.5Gbps) v SATA II ( 3 Gbps) . Tt nht l cng SATA II ni vi cng SATA II trn Mainboard . Vic ci t rt d dng . Ni mt Cable SATA, cable ngun SATA v cng.

u cn li ca Cable SATA cm ti cng SATA trn Mainboard . Cch t chc tt nht l dng nhng cng c s nh trc . V d nu cng trn Mainboard dng Chipset SouthBridge ICH6 c ghi SATA0, SATA1, SATA2 v SATA3 . Chng ta s dng cng SATA0 v SATA1 . Nn nh rng bn phi cm Cable vo cng m h tr RAID trn Mainboard ( hoc trn Card iu khin RAID cm thm )

Cu hnh RAID Nu dng nhng cng iu khin cng bng Chipset h tr RAID , u tin chng ta vo Setup ca Mainboard v cu hnh chng thnh RAID thay th IDE . i vi cu hnh khi chn IDE th chng lm vic nh cng IDE thng thng , nu chn cu hnh l RAID l cho php chng lm vic nh kiu h thng RAID. Trn thc t nu chng ta khng thay i cu hnh thnh RAID th h thng ca chng ta khng xut hin cu hnh RAID ny trong qu trnh POST , bi v ngn chn chng ta thit lp cu hnh lung tung trong h thng . Do vo Setup ca Mainboard ( bng cch bm phm Del sau khi bt my tnh ) thay i s la chn ny . Trong la chn ca Mainboard chn Advanced , Drive Configuration, Configure SATA As . Phn la chn ny tu thuc vo nh sn xut.

Sau khi thay i cu hnh ny , bn cn lu li s thay i v thot ra ngoi

Cu hnh RAID bng cch bm phm trong qu trnh POST (Power-On Self Test) . Dng t hp phm no vo phn t cu hnh cho RAID s xut hin trn mn hnh trong qu trnh POST v ph thuc tu theo nh sn xut Chip nh : Marvell l Control - M, SiliconImage l Control - S, JMicron l Control - J ........ Trong trng hp Mainboard dng 02 Chip h tr RAID s c hai v d nh mt RAID dng cho Chipset v mt RAID khc dng Chip Marvell 88SE6145 , th s xut hin hai hin th cho vic la chn ny . Khi ni hai cng vi phn iu khin RAID bng Chipset theo hnh di y v bm Ctrl-I vo cu hnh h thng RAID

Trn mn hnh s xut hin khc nu khi cm cng vo Chip Marvell iu khin RAID , vo cu hnh h thng RAID bm Ctrl-M

i vi h thng RAID dng Chipset Intel sau khi bm Ctrl-I trn mn hnh s xut hin nh sau

Mi tin ch rt n gin v d s dng . Trong v d ca chng ta trn mn hnh xut hin nhng thng tin v nhng cng cm trong my tnh . u tin chn Create RAID Volume , thit lp h thng RAID theo hnh di y

 y chng ta s phi cu hnh nh sau : Volume Name : h iu hnh s truy cp vo RAID thng qua tn ny . RAID Level : kiu RAID m bn mun , RAID0 , RAID1 , hoc nhng kiu RAID khc ph thuc vo Chip iu khin RAID . Disks : chn nhng a m bn mun trong mng RAID Strip size : kch thc ca mu d liu m h thng RAID s s dng . Capacity : c th cu hnh dung lng thp hn nu nh chng ta to nhiu RAID Volume ( ging nh khi nim partitiontrong mng RAID , c ngha l c th to hai hoc nhiu RAID ) . V d nu mng c dung lng 160GB , chng ta cu hnh 100GB cho RAID cn 60GB cn li lm vic nh mt cng c lp tch ri . Sau khi bm Create Volume , trn mn hnh xut hin hi vic khng nh cho cng vic ny v thng bo d liu trn cng s b xo . Bm Y v RAID c thit lp

Sau trn mn hnh xut hin v vic to xong h thng RAID

Ci t h iu hnh By gi bn cn ci h iu hnh sau khi khai bo xong cu hnh RAID ca phn cng . Chng ta s ci h iu hnh Windows XP. Cho a CD ci t Windows XP vo CDROM , khi ng my tnh cho php CD khi ng trc. C mt vn l Windows XP khng t ng nhn ra h thng RAID , do n ngh rng my tnh khng c cng ci t nh thng bo theo hnh di y

Lc ny bn cn phi c a mm m cha phn Driver ca RAID . Phn Driver ca RAID c cha trong a CD-ROM i km theo Mainboard khi mua , hoc theo Card km thm iu khin RAID . ng dng ny c nm theo th mc gi l RAID hoc tng t nh vy . Thng thng th chng l file nn nn chng ta phi gii nn v chy File c phn m rng l .exe , n s yu cu chn a mm trng vo mm v to thnh a cn thit s dng . Nu bn khng c a CD ny th cn ti trn trang Web ca nh sn xut Mainboard hoc Chipset . Khi Windows XP bt u khi ng vic ci t, qu trnh LOAD bt u xy ra, chng ta s theo di khi c dng thng bo Press F6 if you need to install a third party SCSI or RAID driver th bm ngay phm F6 v chn a mm va to vo mm .

T bn thn Windows khng xc nh c v tr ca Driver RAID nh hnh di y

Khi mn hnh xut hin nh trn bn bm phm "S" chn t mm Driver m Windows s ti, nh hnh di :

Trong trng hp v d trn , hy chn Intel (R) 82801GR/GH SATA RAID Controller (Desktop ICH7R/DH) do chng ta dng Chip ICH7R. Sau khi chn Driver trn mn hnh s hin th Driver s c ci t nh hnh di

T by gi Windows s nhn ra mng RAID chnh xc ca n . Chng ta dng h thng RAID0 vi 02 cng 80 GB v Windows s nhn dng 160 GB nh hnh di y

Chng ta nn lu s hin th trn mn hnh nhiu khi s thp hn mt cht . V d cng dung lng 80GB thng thng nhn 74.53GB , l nguyn nhn ti sao nhn thy 150GB m khng phi l 160GB . By gi cho php qu trnh ci t Windows nh bnh thng , ci t cc Driver phn cng i km theo v ci nhng chng trnh phn mm ng dng cn thit s dng . Nh ti ni trn phn mm iu khin RAID i km vi thit b nn c th ci chng trnh theo di h thng RAID. Phn mm qun l ca ti c tn l Intel Matrix Storage Manager, n cho php bn xem tng qut h thng RAID v kim tra trng thi RAID nu chng ta dng nhiu cng trong h thng

Chc cc bn thnh cng vi h thng RAID ca mnh. Bi vit c tng hp t nhiu ngun thng tin v chnh sa theo kin ch quan ca tc gi Nguyn Thng Triu