USER NETWORK

ACCESS NETWORK

CORE NETWORK

 2G

GSM/CDMA =>(9.6 14.4)kbps 2.5G

GPRS 115kbps EDGE - 384kbps CDMA 170kbps EVDO EVDV UMTS HASDPA 14Mbps

3G

 Low

bandwidth Interference / Noise NLOS Environment Large Capacity Requirement Huge Demand

 Anytime

Anywhere Mobility & Roaming High capacity & subs. density Seamless Network Architecture Low cost Flexibility Innovative Services Standard Interfaces Efficient use of radio spectrum

FDMA Access along Frequency axis

FDMA Access along Frequency axis Each RF carrier 200khz apart

Total 124 RF Channels available.

One or more carrier assigned to each base station 1 2 3 4 5 6 124

...
Freq
890.2 890.4 890.6 890.8 891.0 914.8

Mhz.

890 25 MHz
0

915
1 2

935 25 MHz
0 1 Base to Mobile

960
2

Mobile to Base
890.2
890.4 890.6
(MHz)

935.2

935.4

935.6

200 kHz

45MHz

200 kHz

Channel layout and frequency bands of operation

 Time

Division Multiple Access Scheme One Radio Frequency = Eight Time Slots One TDMA Frame = Eight Time Slots One Time Slot = One Physical Channel One Time Slot Duration = 0.577 msec

TIME

BP2 BP1 BP8 BP7 BP6 BP5 BP4 BP3 BP2 BP1 890.0 890.2 890.4 890.6 890.8 891.0 891.2

BURST

F
R A M E FREQ MHz 915.8

PHYSICAL CHANNELS
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 FRAME OF 8 TIME SLOTS

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

FRAME REPETITION

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 74 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1
2 5 6

PHYSICAL CHANNELS 1

 Cell

Site

CELLULAR MOBILE CONCEPTS

WHAT IS A CELL ?
A base station (transmitter) having a number of RF channels is called a cell Each cell covers a limited number of mobile subscribers within the cell boundaries ( Coverage area) Typical Cell Radius Approx. = 30 Km (Start up), 1 Km (Mature) Each Cell uses a specific set of radio frequencies Each Base Station contains one or more TRXs

OMNI CELLS SECTOR CELLS - Two Sector Cells - Three Sector Cells

Frequency Re-use Scheme

CELLULAR MOBILE CONCEPTS

CELL RADIUS (KM) 1 3 10 25 COVERAGE AREA(KM2) No. Of MOBILE SUBS. 100 900 10,000 60,000 No. of CHANNELS REQD. 8 38 @ 360 @ 2,000

3.14 28.3 314 1960

ASSUMPTIONS

Traffic /User = 30 mE ,

GOS = 1%

CELLULAR MOBILE CONCEPTS

360 * 25 KHz * 2 = 18 000 KHz = 18 MHz FOR A CELL OF 10 KM RADIUS ONLY

THIS IS IMPOSSIBLE TO BE ALLOCATED HENCE FREQUENCY REUSE IS A MUST TO COVER THE TOTAL SERVICE AREA WITH A LIMITED AVAILABLE RF RESOURCES HENCE THE NEED FOR A CELLULAR PRINCIPLE

CELLULAR MOBILE CONCEPTS

2 7 1 3

GIVEN FREQ. RESOURCE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4

6
5

A CLUSTER OF CELLS

CELLULAR MOBILE CONCEPTS

CO-CHL INTERFERENCE :Interference caused by another cell/mobile using the same frequency

Co Chl Interference is a Function of Q the re-use ratio:

R Q =D / R

Higher Q

Reduced Co-Chl Interference

Lower Q

Increased Co-Chl Interference

Co Channel Interference
Q = D /R = 3N
N =Cluster Size R = Size (Radius of Cell) D = Distance between two Co- Channel Cells

Co Channel Interference
Higher Q Less Interference Higher N More Cluster Size Less RF freq/cell Less Traffic Handling Capacity of the system
Higher Interference Increased System Handling Capacity

LOWER Q

 GMSK

= GAUSSIAN MINIMUM SHIFT KEYING The modulation method in GSM is GMSK which facilitates the use of narrow bandwidth and coherent detection capability.
Rectangular

pulses are passed through a Gaussian filter prior to their passing through a modulator.

1.

Network Subsystem includes the equipments and functions related to end-to-end call.
Radio Subsystem includes the equipments and functions related to the management of the connections on the radio path.

2.

3. Operations and Maintenance subsystem includes the operation and maintenance of GSM equipment for the radio and network interface.

GSM Service Area: Total area served by the combination of all member countries where a mobile can be served. PLMN Service Area:It is one N/W area. MSC Service Area:There can many MSC/VLR in one PLMN area.It is one Mobile Exch. Area. GMSC: All I/C calls for PLMN N/W will be routed through GMSC. In a GSM/PLMN N/W all mobile terminated calls will be routed to a Gateway MSC. Call connections between PLMNs , or to fixed N/Ws must be routed to a GMSC.The GMSC contains the Inter working functions to make these connections. Location Area Cells

LOCATION AREA:There are several LA in a MSC/VLR combination A LA is a part of the MSC/VLR service area in which a MS may move freely without updating location information to the MSC/VLR exchange that control the LA. Within a LA a paging message is broadcast in order to find the called mobile subs. LA can be identified by system using the LAI. CELL.A cell is an identity served by one BTS. The MS distinguishes between cells using the BASE STATION IDENTIFICATION CODE(BSIC) that the cell site broadcast over the air.

Cell Location Area Area served by a BTS

Location Area MSC Service Area PLMN Service Area GSM Service Area

1 MSC=16 BSC 1 BSC=1024 TRU OSS

HLR

(
PSTN ISDN

B T S B T S

BSC BSC

MSC VLR

B T S

A Interface A-bis interface

MSC VLR

Data Networks

Air interface

BSC:BASE STATION CONTROLLER, BTS: BASE TRANSRECEIVER STATION, OSS: OPERATION AND SUPPORT SUBSYSTEM.ss

How the call is connected between End to End Equipment. Irrelevant of end equipment, it may be land phone or Mobile station

Call And Mobility Management

RF channel overview & Modes of Mobile Station.

MS Initialization ( Network Attachment )

Mobility Management and MM Procedures Authentication & Location Updating Procedure

Connection Management (CM)

Call Processing MO & MT Calls

Modes Mobile Station ( MS )

MS Switched Off - can not receive incoming paging messages.

- can not make outgoing call. - No dedicated channel is associated with it. MS Switched On And in Idle Mode - can receive incoming paging messages. - can make outgoing call. - No dedicated channel is associated with it. MS in Dedicated Mode -MS is in conversation and a

dedicated traffic channel TCH is

associated with it.

RF Channels Overview Broadcast Control Channels P-MP Common Control Channels P-P BCCH FCCH SCH PCH RACH

AGCH
Dedicated Control Channels SDCCH

P-P

FACCH
SACCH

3 CC T

SMS CM

SS

142 Fixed Bits

8.25 GP

FCCH Burst

3 CC SMS SS 57 T CM Encrypted

1 S

26 Training

1 S

57 Encrypted

3 T

8.25 GP

Normal Burst

Possible Channel Combinations On RT in One Cell

Timeslots
0
RT 0 RT 1 BCCH 1 SDCCH 2 CCCH

3
TCH

4
CCCH

5
TCH

6
CCCH

7
TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

RT 2

SDCCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

RT 3

CC

SMS TCH CM

SS TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 FS Down-link C C BCCH CH H RR Up-link A A . . . CC CCH H SMS SS F S CCCH C C C H H BCCH

. . .

49 50 I D L E R A C H

CM

Channel Combination IV :main BCCH ( GSM 05.01)

Technical Terms Used w.r.t. MM (Mobility Management )

IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity IMSISDN Mobile Subscriber ISDN number IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity MSRN Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number LAI Location Area Identity

A3 Authentication Algorithm
A5 Ciphering Algorithm A8 Kc Generation Algorithm

Location Related Identities 1. MSRN Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number It is a temporary number used for routing the call to MS. Format : MSRN = CC + NDC + SN CC = Country Code

NDC = Network Destination Code

SN = Subscriber Number

For example for Patna MSC in IMPCS network MSRN looks like 91 95330 24365.

Location Related Identities MSRN

MSISDN 1

PSTN

GMSC

MSISDN MSRN

2
HLR

6 IMSI 3 VLR

MSRN 7

MSRN 5

MSC

IMSI

MSRN

Location Related Identities 2. Location Area Identity (LAI ) Each location area in a GSM PLMN is identified by a Location Area Identity ( LAI ). Location area consist of one or more than one cell which may be served by one or more BSC s. All the cells in a Location area are served by single VLR.

BTS

BSC LA 1

MSC 1

BTS

BSC
BTS

LA 2
BTS

VLR 1

SS 7
BSC

HLR MSC 2

BTS

LA 3
BTS

BSC
VLR 2

Location Area

Location Related Identities 3 digits

2 digits

2 octets max
( 16 bits )

MCC

MNC

LAC

LAI LAI = MCC + MNC + LAC MCC - Mobile Country Code. MNC - Mobile Network Code.

LAC - Location Area Code .

Maximum length of LAC is 16 bits. Thus there can be maximum of 65,536 Location Areas in one GSM PLMN. defined

MS Initialization / Network Attachment 1. MS Powered on. 2. Frequency Synchronization - MS scans entire 124 carriers and monitors RF levels.

- several readings are taken to get accurate estimate

the channel power.

- MS then searches for Frequency Correction burst (FCCH) on

the channel with strongest RF level. - FCCH present in time slot T0 & has a fixed pattern of 142 0s.

- After tuning to FCCH MS synchronizes in time with SCH .

MS Initialization / Network Attachment 3. Synchronization in Time - SCH occurs in next frame in same time slot as FCCH.

- The occurrence of SCH is eight burst period ( BPs ) later than FCCH.
- SCH contains precise timing information and current frame number to which MS is synchronized. - After successful synchronization the MS will read the TDMA frame number and Base Station Identity Code BSIC .

- BSIC consists of - PLMN colour code ( 3 bits )

- BS colour code ( 3 bits ).

MS Initialization / Network Attachment MS location is determined by cell identification of strongest BCCH signal received by MS. MS regularly measures the received signal strength of BCCH at least once every 6 sec ( Superframe Duration).

MS stores at least six strongest BCCH and their cell identification in SIM.

MS decodes information on BCCH and gets Location Area Identity ( LAI ).

If the information stored on SIM does not match with the

information MS thinks that it has moved to new location and sends LA update request to BSS.

Network Attachment Process

MS

Switch -on
Measure strongest BCCH channels

PLMN Selection . Cell should be of selected PLMN. . Cell should not be barred . . Radio path loss between BTS and the MS must be below a threshold set by the operator.

Limited Service Mode

Cell Selection

Location Update ( Register its presence to the network. )

Idle-Mode

MS
RIL3 - CM RIL3 - MM RIL3 - RR
RR

BTS

BSC

MSC
DTAP CM DTAP MM M A I P S TCAP U SCCP P

BTSM

RIL 3RR BTSM

BSSMAP SCCP

BSSMAP SCCP

LAPD m
Layer 1 Um

LAPD m

LAPD

LAPD

MTP

MTP Layer 1 A link BCDEFG

Layer 1 A bis

Layer 1

GSM Signaling Protocols Overview

What is Mobility Management ( MM ) ? Subscriber Data management at MSC/VLR

Subscriber data from HLR are retrieved by MM at the time of first location up-dating of a subscriber. Dynamic data changes by subscriber are also managed by MM at MSC/VLR.

Operator initiated data changes for a subscriber are also managed by MM.

Services Provided to Upper Layers

MM sub-layer provides basic services to upper layer CM sublayer.
MM handover procedures provide smooth transition from one radio link to other.

What is Mobility Management ( MM ) ? Subscriber Authentication and Confidentiality management

MM procedures ensure authenticity of a subscriber.
MM procedures ensure data confidentiality at radio interface.

MM Procedures

MM Common Procedures :
TMSI Reallocation Procedure.

Authentication Procedure.
Identification Procedure. IMSI Detach Procedure.

Ciphering Procedure.
Abort Procedure. MM Specific Procedures : Location Updating Procedure. IMSI Attach Procedure.

MM Procedures A MM specific procedure can only be started if no other MM specific procedure is running.

During the lifetime of a MM specific procedure if a MM connection establishment is requested by a CM entity, the request will either be rejected or delayed until the running of MM specific procedure is terminated.
Any MM common procedure Procedure ( except IMSI detach) may be initiated during MM specific procedure. The MS side should wait for release of RR connection used for a MM specific procedure before a new MM specific procedure or MM connection establishment is started.

Authentication

Authentication is used to check the validity of a mobile subscriber.

At MS
Ki RAND( 128 bits ) At N/W Ki

A3 SRES

A3 SRES

=?
AUTHENTICATION

( 32 bits )

Ki ( 128 bits) : Identification Key

- Purpose : Ki is used to calculate SRES and Kc. - Ki is stored in SIM and HLR.

- Ki is never transmitted over signaling network.

RAND ( 128 bits ):Random Number

- Purpose : RAND is used to calculate SRES and Kc.

Kc ( 64 bits ) : Ciphering Key

- Purpose : Kc is used to encrypt data over radio interface.

SRES ( 32 bits) :Signed Response

Ciphering

Ciphering is used to encrypt data on radio interface.

RAND Ki A8 Kc ( 64 bits) Kc generation is done at the time of Authentication.

Frame No. (22 bits )

A5 Ciphering Stream XOR Information Bits ( 114 bits ) Ciphered Bits

CIPHERING

Authentication Procedure

Authentication procedure is always initiated and controlled by the n/w.

The purpose of authentication procedure is two fold : 1. To check identity provided by the MS. 2. To supply n/w parameters to MS to calculate Kc.
TIME Authentication Request Authentication Response

Authentication Reject

MS

AUTHENTICATION PROCEDURE

N/W

Authentication Procedure
Authentication Triplets :
- At n/w side, authentication procedure requires authentication triplets.

- Authentication triplets contains

-RAND ( 128 bits ). - SRES ( 32 bits ).

- Kc ( 64 bits ). - The network can have more than one triplets.

- The operator can allow reuse of triplets.

- The index of currently used triplet is called CKSN ( Ciphering Key Sequence Number ).

Location Updating Procedure

This is a general procedure which is used for following purposes -

Normal Location Updating MS moves to new LA.

Periodic Location Updating To notify periodic availability of MS to the network. IMSI Attach MS switched on for first time in new LA or MS switched off and on.

Location Update Scenario

Each time MS moves to new LA corresponding VLR is informed.

Case - I Old LA and new LA in same VLR area MS given new TMSI . Location updated in VLR memory. Case - II Old LA and new LA in different VLR area HLR updates.

old VLR erases data.

new VLR records relevant parameters. MS is given new TMSI.

Location Update Scenario Phases of Location Update Scenario

Request for service. Authentication Ciphering

HLR/ VLR updation

TMSI reallocation.

LOCATION UPDATE SCENARIO - I

Request For Service

MS BSS New MSC/ VLR Old MSC/ VLR HLR /AUC

Channel Request
1

RACH
SDCCH Assignment
2

AGCH
3

Location Update Request ( TMSI , LAI 0 )

SDCCH
Request IMSI

( TMSI )
4

Send IMSI

LOCATION UPDATE SCENARIO - II Authentication and Ciphering

MS BSS New MSC/ VLR
Old MSC/ VLR

HLR/ AUC

Get Authentication Parameters

( IMSI )
Authentication Parameters Authenticate MS ( RAND )
6

( RAND,Kc,SRES )

SDCCH
Authentication Response ( SRES )

SDCCH
7

Cipher Radio Channel

( Kc )
Cipher Up Link Channel

SDCCH

LOCATION UPDATE SCENARIO - III

Authentication and Ciphering

MS BSS New MSC/ VLR
Old MSC/ VLR

HLR/ AUC

Up Link Ciphered
8

SDCCH
BSS Ciphers Down link Channel .

Ciphering Complete

LOCATION UPDATE SCENARIO - IV

Update HLR/VLR & TMSI Reallocation

MS BSS New MSC/ VLR
Old MSC/ VLR Update Location
10

HLR/ AUC

De Register Mobile

11 12

Mobile De-registered

Location Updated Location Updated Accept TMSI

13

SDCCH

LOCATION UPDATE SCENARIO - V

Update HLR/VLR & TMSI Reallocation

MS BSS New MSC/ VLR
Old MSC/ VLR

HLR/ AUC

Location Updated Complete

14

SDCCH
15

Clear Signaling Connection Clear Complete

16

Release Radio Signaling Channel

SDCCH

LOCATION UPDATION

ND Mobile moves to CA and Powers on MS

Update Location TAX CA GMSC MSC CA

Listens BCCH/FCCH HLR Location Update ( TMSI, LAI ) LU Accept

ND

LU Accept

MS

CA ND

Update Location LU Accept

VLR New VLR records subscriber data.

( New TMSI) 9810098111 VPLMN HLR HPLMN

LU Accept TAX ND Update Location

( Update Location/ GMSC MSC/VLR Authentication ) ND LU Accept (Subs data) VLR ACK from De register old Mobile to MSC/VLR Old VLR

Mobile To Land Call Set-up Scenario Phases of Mobile To Land Call ( Mobile Originated Call- MO Call )

SETUP PHASE

RINGING PHASE
CONVERSATION PHASE

RELEASE PHASE

Mobile To Land Call Set-up Scenario

SETUP PHASE
- REQUEST FOR SERVICE ( CHANNEL ) BY MS - CM SERVICE REQUEST - AUTHENTICATION - CIPHERING - EQUIPMENT VALIDATION ( EIR CHECK ) - SETUP MESSAGE - VALIDATION AT VLR - ASSIGNMENT

MOBILE TO LAND CALL - I Request For Service

MS BSS MSC/ VLR

Channel Request

RACH
2

SDCCH Assignment

AGCH
CM Service Request
3

SDCCH
4

CM Service Accept

Mobile To Land Call Set-up Scenario CM SERVICE REQUEST - The Call Control (CC) entity of MS initiates the establishment of CC connection by requesting MM sub-layer of the mobile to establish MM sub-layer connection.

- Upon establishment of MM connection CM SERVICE ACCEPT message is received from n/w. SETUP MESSAGE

- CC entity sends a setup message to its peer entity.

MOBILE TO LAND CALL - II Call Setup

MS BSS MSC/ VLR

Call Setup Request

SDCCH
Call Proceeding
6

SDCCH
Assign Trunk and radio
7

Assign TCH

SDCCH Radio Assignment Complete SDCCH Trunk and Radio Assignment Complete

Mobile To Land Call Set-up Scenario

Call Setup message

MSC/VLR

Release Complete
message to MS No

Is the requested basic service

provisioned for the subscriber ?

Yes Release Complete message to MS Yes

Preliminary Digit Analysis

Is the number of digits less than the minimum expected? No 1. Check of ODB( BAOC/BOIC/ BOIC Ex HC )

2. Subscriber call barring checks ( BAOC/BOIC et ASSIGNM ENT

Mobile To Land Call Set-up Scenario ASSIGNMENT

- A BSSMAP message Assignment Command is sent by MSC to BSS.

- The message contains a free CIC on A-Interface for terrestrial channel allocated by MSC. - A free TCH is allocated by the BSS and MS is informed to attach to this TCH. - On receiving a response from BSS MSC switches the speech path towards the calling MS.

Note : Mobile has not connected user connection as yet.

MOBILE TO LAND CALL - III Call Setup

MS BSS MSC/ VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

Network Setup ( Dialed Digits )

8

Network Alerting

Alerting

FACCH
10

Connect

Connect

Start Billing

FACCH
Connect Acknowledge
11

FACCH

MOBILE TO LAND CALL - IV Call Release

MS BSS
Disconnect Network Release

MSC/ VLR

HLR

GMSC

PSTN

12

13

Release

FACCH
14

Release Complete

FACCH
Clear Command
15

Channel Release

FACCH

Release Complete

Land To Mobile Call Set-up Scenario Phases of Land To Mobile Call ( Mobile Terminating - MT Call )

Routing Analysis
Paging Authentication

Ciphering
Call-Setup Call Release

Architecture For Mobile Terminated Call

VISITING PLMN A- Interface IAM ( ISUP ) GMSC- B MSC-B BSS-B VLR-B Air Interface

MS HLR-B

LAND TO MOBILE CALL - I

Routing Analysis
MSC/VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

1 2

Incoming Call Get Route Get Route

( MSISDN )

( MSISDN )

( IMSI )
Routing Information

( MSRN )
Routing Information Incoming Call

( MSRN )

( MSRN )

LAND TO MOBILE CALL - II

Paging
MS BSS
Perform Page Page
6 7

MSC

(TMSI)

PCH
Channel Request

( RACH )
8

Access Granted

( AGCH )
Paging Response
9

( TMSI, LAI )

SDCCH

Page Response

LAND TO MOBILE CALL - III Call Set-up

MS BSS
Call Set Up
10

MSC

SDCCH
Call Set Up Confirm

11

SDCCH
Assign Trunk & Radio Channel Assign Radio Channel

12

SDCCH
Radio Channel Assigned

SDCCH

Trunk and Radio Channel Assignment Complete

LAND TO MOBILE CALL - IV Call Setup

MS BSS MSC/ VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

Mobile Alerting
13

FACCH

Network Alerting

14

Connect ( off-hook )

FACCH Start Billing

Connect

15

Connect Acknowledge

LAND TO MOBILE CALL - V Call Release

MS BSS MSC/ VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

Network Release
16

Disconnect

Stop Billing FACCH

Release

17

FACCH
18

Release Complete

Release Complete

FACCH
Clear Command
19 Clear Channel

FACCH

Clear Complete

1. ND PSTN Subscriber Dials ND Mobile Subscriber in ND.

Page(TMSI) HLR ND TAX ND MSISDN MSISDN MSISDN LE TANDEM GMSC MSC/VLR ND SRI MSRN PRN to MSC/VLR ND

ND MS
9810098100

ACK from MSC/VLR ND (MSRN)

2. ND PSTN Subscriber Dials CA Mobile Subscriber in CA.

TANDEM

HLR
MSISDN LE ND TAX ND MSISDN MSISDN GMSC MSC/VLR ND

CA
MSISDN TAX CA SRI MSRN

HLR GMSC MSC/VLR CA

CA Page(TMSI) PRN to MSC/VLR MS CA 9881098300

ACK from MSC/VLR CA (MSRN)

3. ND PSTN Subscriber Dials ND Mobile Subscriber in CA.

HLR TAX CA CA MSRN Page(TMSI) HLR MSRN ND TAX ND GMSC MSC/VLR CA ND MS
9810098200

MSRN

GMSC MSC/VLR ND

SRI
MSRN PRN to MSC/VLR CA ACK from MSC/VLR CA (MSRN)

MSISDN MSISDN LE

MSISDN

TANDEM

4. CA PSTN Subscriber Dials ND Mobile Subscriber in CA.

TANDEM

HLR
MSISDN LE CA TAX CA MSISDN GMSC MSC/VLR CA

9810098400

MSRN

MSISDN

Page(TMSI)

ND MS

ND

MSRN
HLR TAX ND MSRN GMSC MSC/VLR ND SRI MSRN PRN to MSC/VLR CA ACK from MSC/VLR CA (MSRN)

MSISDN

OPTIMIZATION

Introduction
What is Optimization ?
- Activity of achieving and maintaining the required

quality as designed

Why Optimization ?
-

Deviations between plan and reality

Objective OF RF OPTIMIZATION

Optimum utilization of GSM Net work elements for providing Good Coverage and Better Speech Quality for satisfaction of Subscriber and achieving the TRAI bench marks of QoS

TRAI Bench Marks for QOS

RFOptimization

identifies common problems, such as:

Pre Requirements for Drive Test :

Scanning Receiver Setup - HP 7475A Receiver Example

HP 7475A Receiver

Continuous call

short calls

Route Map With Rx Qual :

Route Map With Rx Level :

Drive Test Results

Name of The SSA : Hyderabad No. of BTS in SSA : No. of BTS s covered in the month :

Details of Parameter Sl. No

Ch.GuttaKatedanAttapurM.Patnam TPBVN CTOTarnakaUppal Shivam VDNRSTPMSec.bad Rly. Stn.CTO

Routes/Towns
Sanath TPBVNTPBVNNagarMSRBD- Abids-KotiBalkam petRam nagarNam plyBGMPTVDNR L.Pool CTO TPBVNAfglGunjCHRMNR UppalAMBRPTChdr.GhatCachigudaTPBVN

CHRMNRCh.Gutta

1 RX LEV.

Total no. Of Samples >=-75dBm %Samples >=-75dBm RX. Qual. Total No.Of Samples 0 to 5 0-5(>=95%) Hand Over H/O Attempts Dropped H/O Success rate Aggregate C/I Total C/I>9 %Samples with C/I>9 Call Analysis Total calls Good Success Rate Blocked Calls Dropped Call Drop rate 9 - 20Seconds Service (average of 100 calls Access Delay <=15 Sec.)

11309 11187 99 11313 10929 97% 74 42 56% 1755 1737 99% 25 24 96% 0 1 4% 7.2

3537 3534 99.91 3536 3198 90% 12 0 100% 547 513 94% 10 8 80% 0 2 20% 7.3

7776 7677 99 7776 7366 95% 39 0 100.00% 1096 1035 94% 17.00 16 94% 0 1 6% 7.12

9586 9572 100 9586 9290 97% 35 0 100% 1630 1605 98% 20 20 100% 0 0 0% 7.2

6715 6609 98 6715 5989 89% 37 1 98% 794 773 97% 14 14 100% 0 1 7% 7%

7731 7495 97 7731 7046 91% 34 1 98% 982 952 97% 13 13 100% 0 0 0% 7.4

7886 7786 99 7886 6837 87% 20 0 100% 889 847 95% 17 16 94% 1 1 6% 7.1

4961 4573 92 4961 4669 94% 39 2 95% 464 451 97% 12 11 92% 0 1 8% 7.3

9553 9434 99 9553 8786 92% 39 0 100% 1432 1383 97% 22 19 86% 1 2 9% 7.9

In addition the above formate Route map also submit with Rx level and Rx qual, & survey markers Like H/o ,Call drop ,H/o f

Analysis of Drive Test Results :

Observation Coverage Poor (Low RX Level) Cause 1. Antenna Orientations & Tilt 2. High VSWR Value 3. TX Power Solution Physical check of Orientations & Tilt. Check RF connectors & RF cables Check the DRX power & connectors Check the BCCH & MAIO frequencies

1. Intereference

Reduction of Antenna height, Orientation & Tilt

Check the DRX power & connectors Check the neighbour list & definitions Check the neghbour parameters Check DRX & Check VSWR & RF cable connectivity DRX problem

2. Low Rx level Poor RX Quality

3. H/O failure

4. Assignment Failure Ratio 5. Hard Ware Problem

Analysis of Drive Test Results :

Observation Cause 1. Not defining proper neighbours Handover Failure 2. Improper Neighbour Parameter values Solution Defining the proper neighbours. Check the neghbour parameters

3. Due to TCH congn.

1. Not defining proper neighbours

Augmentation of DRIs Defining the proper neighbours. Check the DRX power & connectors Check the BCCH & MAIO frequencies

2. Low Rx level 3. Intereference

Call Drop 4. H/O failure

Reduction of Antenna height, Orientation & Tilt

Check the neighbour list & definitions

Check the neghbour parameters

5. Assignment Failure Ratio 6. Hard Ware Problem

Check DRX & Check VSWR & RF cable connectivity DRX problem

THANKS !