VOLCANIC HAZARDSVOLCANIC HAZARDS
00
The
t
erm
VOLCANO
refers
to a v
en
t,
hill
o
r
The
t
erm
VOLCANO
refers
to a v
en
t,
hill
o
r
m
ou
n
ta
in
fr
o
m
w
hich
m
o
l
t
en
o
r
h
ot
r
o
cks
w
i
t
h
m
ou
n
ta
in
fr
o
m
w
hich
m
o
l
t
en
o
r
h
ot
r
o
cks
w
i
t
h
ga
se
ou
s
m
at
eri
a
ls
a
re
ejec
t
ed.
The
t
erm
a
ls
oga
se
ou
s
m
at
eri
a
ls
a
re
ejec
t
ed.
The
t
erm
a
ls
oapp
lies
to
cr
at
ers
,
hills
o
r
m
ou
n
ta
ins
f
o
rmed
byapp
lies
to
cr
at
ers
,
hills
o
r
m
ou
n
ta
ins
f
o
rmed
by
rem
ova
l
o
f
p
rerem
ova
l
o
f
p
re--exis
t
in
g
m
at
eri
a
ls
o
r
by
exis
t
in
g
m
at
eri
a
ls
o
r
bya
cc
u
m
u
l
at
i
o
n
o
f
ejec
t
ed
m
at
eri
a
ls.
a
cc
u
m
u
l
at
i
o
n
o
f
ejec
t
ed
m
at
eri
a
ls.
Wh
at
is
a VOLCANO?
Wh
at
is
a VOLCANO?
C
l
a
ssific
at
i
o
n
o
f
Vo
lc
a
n
o
es
C
l
a
ssific
at
i
o
n
o
f
Vo
lc
a
n
o
es
ActiveActive
Erup
tion in histo
r
ic times
Erup
tion in histo
r
ic times
Histo
r
ical
r
eco
rd
Histo
r
ical
r
eco
rd
--500 yea
r
s500 yea
r
s
C14
d
atingC14
d
ating --10,000 yea
r
s10,000 yea
r
s
Local seismic activityLocal seismic activity
O
r
al / folklo
r
ic histo
r
yO
r
al / folklo
r
ic histo
r
y
Potentially ActivePotentially Active
Solfota
r
as / F
u
ma
r
olesSolfota
r
as / F
u
ma
r
oles
Geologically yo
u
ng (
p
ossibly e
rup
te
d
< 10,000 yea
r
s an
d
fo
r
cal
d
e
r
as an
d
la
r
geGeologically yo
u
ng (
p
ossibly e
rup
te
d
< 10,000 yea
r
s an
d
fo
r
cal
d
e
r
as an
d
la
r
gesystemssystems --
p
ossibly < 25,000 yea
r
s).
p
ossibly < 25,000 yea
r
s).
Yo
u
ngYo
u
ng--looking geomo
rp
hology (thin soil cove
r
/s
p
a
r
se vegetation; low
d
eg
r
ee oflooking geomo
rp
hology (thin soil cove
r
/s
p
a
r
se vegetation; low
d
eg
r
ee ofe
r
osion an
d
d
issection; yo
u
ng vent feat
ur
esl; +/e
r
osion an
d
d
issection; yo
u
ng vent feat
ur
esl; +/--vegetation cove
r
).vegetation cove
r
).
S
u
s
p
ecte
d
seismic activity.S
u
s
p
ecte
d
seismic activity.
Doc
u
mente
d
local g
r
o
u
n
d
d
efo
r
mationDoc
u
mente
d
local g
r
o
u
n
d
d
efo
r
mation
Geochemical in
d
icato
r
s of magmatic involvement.Geochemical in
d
icato
r
s of magmatic involvement.
Geo
p
hysical
pr
oof of magma bo
d
ies.Geo
p
hysical
pr
oof of magma bo
d
ies.
St
r
ong connection with s
u
b
du
ction zones an
d
exte
r
nal tectonic settings.St
r
ong connection with s
u
b
du
ction zones an
d
exte
r
nal tectonic settings.
InactiveInactive
No
r
eco
rd
of e
rup
tion an
d
its fo
r
m is beginning to change by the agents ofNo
r
eco
rd
of e
rup
tion an
d
its fo
r
m is beginning to change by the agents ofweathe
r
ing an
d
e
r
osion via fo
r
mation of
d
ee
p
an
d
long g
u
llies.weathe
r
ing an
d
e
r
osion via fo
r
mation of
d
ee
p
an
d
long g
u
llies.
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