Abstracts Book

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries
ORAL PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS

ICTS IN PROMOTING AUTONOMOUS FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING MIRA LONCAREVIC The paper discusses the possibilities of using ICT in foreign language instruction that leads to autonomous learning. Constructive mediation promotes the efficient use of different self-education sources and helps students develop autonomous learning skills. As a medium, computer generates and empowers regular and systematic approach to autonomous learning by the use of software programmes and tools. By solving different tasks and participating in goal-oriented projects, students can improve and master language skills and additionally become aware of the language and its use. Instructors, from their points, should know that those software programmes and tools be based on pedagogical principles in line with pedagogical demands whose goal is acquisition of language, that is development of receptive language skills, as well as with pedagogical demands that lead to the development of productive skills, or their functional application in practice.Also, the paper highlights the importance and benefits of autonomous learning leading to the concept of lifelong lerning. SILENCING/OUTSPEAKING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A CONVERSATION BASED ANALYTIC STUDY MEHMET AL CBAY This conversation based analytic study aims at finding the mechanism to do with silencing and outspeaking in higher education. The main assumption guiding the study is that talk-in-interaction in the classroom constructs the social realities embedded in that specific place. Consequently, the videorecorded classroom interactions in a course at a university in Ankara, Turkey, are analyzed in line with the guiding conversation based analytic principles. The analysis of classroom talk demonstrates that silencing and outspeaking are the conversational achievements. This conclusion are exemplified with the detailed analysis of transcripts from the class discussions.
EDUCATION OF ADULTS FOR WORK WITH GIFTED CHILDREN IVICA RADOVANOVI, VERA RADOVI Pedagogical-educational work with the children and the young in after school activities is implemented by adults from different professional backgrounds and from different sportive, technical, film industries and other clubs, creative workshops, folklore groups, music groups, theatre amateur groups, scouts groups etc. This paper represents results of the research depending on believes of the adults who are engaged either as professionally or volunteerily with children and the young people after school activities (N 1051) and with the gifted and talented children (students) and their adequate education and pedagogical involvement. WHEN, WHERE AND WHY? PROBLEM BASED LEARNING IN MEDICAL EDUCATION FROM PAST TO PRESENT NAZAN KARAOLU, MUZAFFER EKER Problem- based learning (PBL) which is a form of small group teaching, represents a major, complex and widespread change in educational practice within higher education, especially in professional education. PBL, with its many and various interpretations, has been adopted as a teaching and learning method and curricular philosophy in institutions of higher education worldwide and became an integral component of medical school curricula throughout the world. Its introduction has been founded on the belief that it produces several cognitive effects of key importance to the training of doctors equipped to meet the increasing demands of modern medical practice. These include increased retention of knowledge, enhanced integration and application of basic science concepts with associated development of problem-solving skill, the development of self-directed learning skills, and the enhancement of students intrinsic interest in the subject matter. The evidence indicates that graduates of PBL medical programs spend less time in rote learning without conceptual understanding , are happier with their educational experience and therefore more motivated and can better provide causal explanations about pathophysiological processes underlying disease.
APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES OF PROGRAMME EVALUATION TO THE PROGRAMME OF PLANNING AND EVALUATION THE TEACHING COURSE NEE GLER, NUR DOAN, SELAHATTN GELBAL Walberg and Haertel (1990) define programme development in education as the careful and neat questioning of a system which aims at developing students educational experiences and making them more valuable. Programme evaluation comprises knowledge used in decisions to adopt educational sources which are usually based on the programme, to modify them, and remove them. Programme development work requires that evaluations,arrangements, and corrections be made in the whole process of the programme rather than at a single point. In teacher training colleges, which offer education so that the youth get prepared for the teaching profession and that they become well supplied individuals in various sectors of education in our country, the course of measurement and evaluation has great importance. Therefore, making the course more interesting and up-to date is a significant issue. This paper aims at evaluating the three units of the course Planning and Evaluation the Teaching in details; and thus at determining the problems of application and sample cases. For this purpose, in one of the second year courses at the Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies, Faculty of Education, Hacettepe University, the three units of EBB 274.08 Planning and Evaluation the Teaching, basic concepts, the properties of instruments and methods, measurement instruments used in education, are evaluated in this study.
CHANGING FROM A TEACHER TO A TUTOR IN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING NAZAN KARAOLU, MUZAFFER EKER In student centered learning, which is a major feature of PBL, students take responsibility for identifying and addressing their own learning needs. In PBL, tutors are required to facilitate this rather than adopt the position of content expert. A tutor is a facilitator who encourages analysis, synthesis and evaluation of data. Facilitation requires understanding of the learning process and primarily involves monitoring of student learning and promotion of effective group function. It means that the role of the tutor is not to teach, even if, especially if, you are an expert. Tutors role is just to help the group to function. However it doesnt mean that the PBL session is a tutor- inactive one. The characteristics of a good tutor can be viewed in three domains-knowledge, skills and attitude. Effective tutors promote student learning by creating a supportive environment which encourages active participation by all members of the group, by monitoring the quality of learning through questions and feedback and by encouraging the development of students metacognitive skills. The aim of this presentation is to show the difference between being a teacher and the tutor and to talk about tutor skills and its effects in PBL sessions.
VIEWS OF CLASSROOM TEACHERS ON IN-SERVICE TRAINING AYE MENT TA, ZUHAL GVEN The present studydetermes the views of classroom teachers on in-service training. This is a qualitative study conducted in review model. 106 voluntary classroom teachers working at 15 randomly selected primary schools in the districts of Meram, Karatay and Seluklu in Konya were in the study. The teachers were administered a data collection tool consisting of two open-ended questions. The first question was Are in-service training activities sufficient to meet your professional development needs? If not, why? and the second one was On which topics do you need in-service training most? Frequency, percentage calculations and descriptive analysis were used in data analysis. According to the findings of the study, 71 % of the teachers said no, 18 % said yes and 11 % said partially to the first question. They mentioned the following reasons for finding in-service training insufficient: inefficiency of the instructor who conducted the training, theory-based courses rather than the applied ones, insufficient time, inappropriate physical conditions, curriculum out of the needs of the participants, overcrowded classrooms, inappropriate hours and inability to attend the program when they wanted (being delayed) due to the large number of the participants. According to the responses given to the second question, teachers stated the following topics as their favourites: application of teaching techniques and methods, a new primary education programme, classroom management, use of materials and technology, child development and psychology and school management.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE LEVEL OF COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS AMONG TEACHER TRAINEES DAVUT AYDIN, RT YEL, ZGEN KORKMAZ One of the significant indicators of a teachers success in education is his/her level of communicative competence. Determining the level of communicative skills constitute the main problem of the study. It aims to determine the levels of communicative competence among teacher trainees in terms of different variables and to suggest some precautions to overcome the identified communicative incompetencies. It will basically seek answers to the following questions: 1. What are the levels of communication skills among the teacher trainees? 2. Is there any difference between the levels of communication skills among teacher trainees in terms of their fields? 3. Is there any difference between the levels of communication skills among teacher trainees in terms of their genders? This paper is a descriptive study which attempts to determine the level of communication skills of senior students attending the programs of teacher Training in Sciences, Teacher Training in Social Studies, Teacher Training in Turkish Language, and Teacher Training at Primary School Level in the Faculty of Education at Ahi Evran University. Communication Skills Evaluation Scale by Korkut (1991) was used to collect data. This is a 5-point Likert-type scale consists of 25 items. The interitem correlation coefficient was 0.76, and its internal consistency coefficient was 0.80.
THE MEANINGS OF UNDERGRADUATE, GRADUATE AND POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMS FROM THE POINT OF UNDERGRADUATES NDA TEMZ The purpose of the study was to find out undergraduates' thoughts about the meaning of the concepts "undergraduate", "graduate" and "postgraduate" programs. Based on the convenience sampling method, the participants of the study were comprised 3rd grade undergraduates from the programs of Primary Education and Turkish Education in the Faculty of Education at Bakent University. The study was qualitative research. The data of the study were gathered through interview, questionnaire and mind map during the fall semester in 2007-2008 academic year. The data was analyzed according to qualitative research under the four main phases namely; data coding, generating categories, conclusion and interpretation. The results of the data analysis showed that the undergraduates used metaphors rather than classic explanations to define the concepts. Besides, the results of the analysis indicated that there were various meanings of the concepts for the undergraduates. Moreover, the data analysis showed that graduate and postgraduate programs did not have any position in the most of the undergraduates' plans for their future. IMPACT ASSESSMENT ANALYSIS OF YOUTH PROJECTS IN TURKEY HASAN TINMAZ
As the adaptation process of Turkey to Europe keeps going on, the non-formal education and training of the youngsters and the social opportunities they acquire through the Youth activities have been crucial. By the help of the EU non-formal education and international exchange programmes, the youngsters have been able to find a role in activities that they could not even imagine participating ever before. Since Turkey became a full member of EU Youth Programmes in April of 2004, a huge body of projects has been carried out in different parts of Turkey. A group of youngsters, called GENPCM, has come together to evaluate the impact of those projects with the funding of Turkish National Agency. My role is to assist them in preparing the study instruments and evaluate them statistically in a report form which could be accessed at http://www.youthimpactanalysis.org/. The aims of this project are; to assess the impact of the youth projects on the young people, to acquire preliminary knowledge about the projects, to evaluate effects of the projects which may vary depending on the social status of participants, the circumstances in which the project took place and the results. In that paper, my aim is to share major points of this project and to inform others about the current situation of youth projects in Turkey.
IN-SERVICE TRAINING OF TEACHERS AS A PART OF LIFELONG LEARNING IN TURKEY FGEN ERES, AHMET STN
The politics of teacher trainings in Turkey are changed with the Republics reforms. The Ministry of Education arrange diverse in service trainings to develop the teachers quality. But it hasnt enough number. This study aims to describe the views of the primary schools teachers about in-service trainings. The study was carried out with the descriptive research design in the model of survey. The study was carried out with 180 teachers in primary schools working in the center of Amasya provinces. A questionnaire prepared by the researchers was sent to the primary schools teachers working in randomly selected primary schools in the center of Amasya. Cronbach-Alpha value for whole the scale was found to be, 85. Data that has been acquired at the end of the research are analyzed via frequency, percentage arithmetic mean and t test. The main results of the study showed that primary schools teachers thought in-service trainings as necessary but they thought that in-service trainings practices is not effective. It was found, that there was not a significant difference between opinions of branch teachers and class teachers. Education planners should determine education necessities of teachers arrange a favorable medium for education and control outputs of education.
THE CONCEPT OF LIFELONG LEARNING AT THE UNIVERSITY "SS CYRIL AND METHODIUS" IN MACEDONIA ELENA DIMOVA
Today, European and other countries are faced with challenges. We feel the effects of globalization, problems with the demographic trends and the enormous change on the labor market based on the technological progress in the world. The last challenge emphasizes needs for knowledge-based society where training and education become initial. In this society, we live in, its not necessary to upgrade our acquired skills, but permanently acquire new ones. That is why, in the past decade, the biggest European education politics have been lifelong education and learning. The Republic of Macedonia, as the rest of Europe is following the European educational trends regarding the lifelong learning. For that matter, efforts are made to secure possibilities of acquiring appropriate education for everyone and every age group, and that people possess knowledge, skills and attitudes. Thus, a research was made directed by the European Training Fondation in which participated third and fourth year students at University Ss Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, to find out how much significance do students pay on lifelong learning. The outcome of the research was that student see lifelong learning as one of the crucial conditions of becoming a fulfilled person, but on the other hand they think that it is underestimated in their countries and they dont see the possibility of developing the lifelong learning in the current economic and social reality.
HOW DO ACADEMICS CONCEIVE QUALITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION? NURDAN KALAYCI, KIM WATTY, FAHRYE HAYIRSEVER All of stakeholders need to believe in quality and act accordingly in order for a higher education institution to attain and improve quality. Quality, the key word, is a contested term perceived and defined differently by different stakeholder groups. Quality is a relative concept, to a great extent. Various definitions have appeared in the literature with regard to the perspectives to define the quality. One of these approaches widely used in the discussion is the stakeholders approach (Vroeijenstijn 1995). It is essential to identify the perceptions of academics and how they perceive quality in their institution of interest is whether academic perceptions of quality are aligned to perception of quality promoted and assessed in the institutions. This paper uses a survey model and seeks answers to the following questions: 1. How do academics perceive the concept of quality? 2. What are academics views of the quality of the current situation in the higher education institution? 3. What are the academics views of the quality about the higher education institution they work? The focus of this research is on the perceptions of accounting academics in higher education. The research group is composed of the 80 accounting academics in METU, Ankara, Gazi, and Hacettepe Universities in Ankara.
10 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries TOWARD PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: DO PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS BENEFIT FROM ACADEMIC AND SOCIAL FACILITIES: METU CASE TUBA FDAN, ERCAN KRAZ Teacher is not the person transfering the content knowledge by pedagogical activities but s/he is a role model for students. This role is composed of some elements as honesty and equity, sense of humor, strong communication skills, decision making and problem solving skills, self respect, adaptation skills to new and unexpected conditions, creativity and modernism, self-confidence, leadership skills, professional belongingness about teaching and society, and strong general knowledge. The aim is to see whether prospective teachers are aware of social and academic facilities and is to examine; Prospective teachers beliefs with respect to professional development and participating in social and academic activities, Students utilization of these facilities and experiences, The obstacles that affect (prevent) prospective teachers intention to participate social and academic activities. The survey design has been used to describe the existing conditions. Study included all prospective teachers at Middle East Technical University, Faculty of Education (FE). The samping is 212 randomly selected students from all programs. This study discusses the prospective teachers social and personal development and provides solutions as well as recommendations for other institutions; FE students utilization of academic and social facilitations served by METU, Reasons whether students attend or not to social facilities; impact of too many lessons, economical frustrations, students attitudes towards social and academic development, the level of guidance and service quality, the location of the FE and social and academic background of the students.
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SATISFACTION FROM TEACHING METHODS IN LIFELONG PROCESS IN MACEDONIA SOFIJA ARNAUDOVA, IVAN TRAJKOV New technologies and information come from everywhere so, the fullest participation of adult people in the process of acquiring new knowledge and skills will help counteract social marginalization in Macedonia. It is obvious the new policy to address these challenges and developing system of lifelong learning is necessary. Analysis of the adult and continuing education system in Macedonia reveals the absence of a vision for the training and retraining of adults, limited opportunities for access to continuing and further education and lack of attention to certification and accreditation issues. Lifelong learning is the concept that "It's never too soon or too late for learning", a philosophy that has taken root in a whole host of different organizations. Lifelong learning provide learning opportunities at all ages and in numerous contexts: at work, at home and through leisure activities. One of the reasons why lifelong education has become so important is the acceleration of scientific and technological progress. Despite the increased duration of primary, secondary and university education (14-18 years depending on the country), the knowledge and skills acquired there are usually not sufficient for a professional career spanning three or four decades. The aim of this research was to see the outputs from lifelong learning among the participants, so we have made a questionnaire for satisfaction from the teaching methods and fields of teaching. PARENTS OPINIONS ABOUT THE TOY CHOICE WITH CHILDREN NORMALLY DEVELOPING OR HANDICAPPED IN EARLY CHILDHOOD RUKYE KONUK ER, DEVLET ALAKO PIRPIR, S. SUNAY YILDIRIM DORU In this study, toy choice of parents with normally developing and handicapped children at different socio-economic levels has been searched. The research group has included totally 150 parents in Konya, 75 parents of them have normally developing children and 75 parents of them have handicapped children whose ages ranged from 0 to 8. The opinions of parents about toys and playing materials have been determined through a two-section questionnaire form. In the first part, the aspects including the demographic information of the family have been questioned, and in the second part, the opinions of parents about toys and playing materials have been assessed. The collected data have been evaluated in computer environment, and the results are going to be discussed in congress environment.
12 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries WHAT CAN TEACHER AUTOBIOGRAPHIES REVEAL ABOUT TEACHERS' LIVES AND THINKING? BEYHAN NAZLI KOBEKER ED, AHMET SABAN The main purpose of this autobiographical study is threefold: (1) Why primary school teaching is chosen as a profession? (2) What motivates teachers to stay in teaching? (3) What are teachers' professional expectations and worries for the future? Participants were 20 graduate students who were primary school teachers. As a Socratic thinking activity, participants taking a "Teaching Creativity and Critical Thinking" course were asked to write their autobiographies related to the three questions above. Their autobiographies were analyzed by the content analysis technique, and each teacher was considered to be a case. Findings revealed that people choose to become a teacher for a number of reasons: (1) parental and former teacher influence, (2) emotional attachment to teaching, (3) childhood dream, (4) university entrance exam result, etc. They also teach for the following reasons: (1) love of children and teaching, (2) confidence and experience, (3) helping children to fulfill their potentials, (4) students' and families' love/appreciation, (5) teaching as a lifestyle, etc. Their major expectations and worries for the future include: (1) more personal and professional development, (2) continuing job related plans/projects, (3) higher career plans, (4) difficult and poor work conditions, (5) fear of failure and dislike of teaching, (6) interference/critics of administration and/or inspectors, (7) financial concerns, etc. The study concludes that autobiographies can provide important insight into the teachers' lives and thinking.
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THE TEACHERS LIFE-LONG LEARNING BARRIERS AL MURAT SNBL, MUHTTN ALIKAN, BAHADIR BOZOLAN Life-long learning was started to be used in 1950s and built on the idea that emphasizes the insufficiency of schools and unlimited learning as a result of requirements of modern life (Ko, 2004). This concept was started to use widely by international foundations such as in OECD and European Commission and they started to do researches field in 1990s. Also, European Union has adopted life long learning approach to edit a common education plan and to make it one of the basic politics in the integration process. Charlier and Croche (2005) explain the life-long learning as A vital step to build up educational integration in Europe (Beyciolu, Konan, 2007). Life-long learning described as activities carried out life-long, aims to improve information, skill and qualifications related to person, society, citizenship and employment. According to Asmin and Chapman (2000), life-long learning concept whose meaning and content are not clear, is not used widely yet and its results have not been seen although it is actually used in several contexts (Beyciolu, Konan, 2007). Fort his reason, it is important to set life-long learning barriers. Setting these barriers contribute to the applicability of life-long learning. This research aiming to find out teachers views about life-long learning barriers has been conducted by survey method. The sampling is consists of 100 teacher working in Konya and nearby districts. The data has been gathered by a questionnaire by the researchers.
14 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries LESSON GAINED FROM PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION: SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE ERCAN KRAZ
At the door of European Union many foreing financial and equipment donors are active for Turkish educational reform. Many countries, like Turkey, receive funding to ameliorate their education towards international standards. Among all, Modernization of Vocational Education and Training (MVET) Project focuses on the improvement of the quality of VET teacher training. Objectives of this project are: To strengthen cooperation between the employer of VET teachers and the provider of VET teacher training To ensure that VET teachers have relevant pedagogic skills as well as skills related to the world of work. To link VET teacher training to an overall framework for human resources development, including preservice and in-service training. To align Turkish VET teacher training more closely to the EU. The project ran from July 2003 to December 2006 and had a budget of 13,5 mio (TA 5 mio, Supplies 8,5 mio). The purpose of this study is (1) to evaluate whether the objectives set by the project designers achieved and (2) to underline some lessons learned through project implementation. Both qualitative and quantitative data gathered from 14 higher education institutions. It is found that project development process and practice of it contributes to collective learning for the further project design and implementation.
IDENDIFICATION OF EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS A. TUBA TUNCER, NECDET KARASU, BANU ALTUNAY
Students with visual impairments attend to middle-high school and higher education with their normally developing peers after they complete their education in boarding schools. The students do not face many educational difficulties due to their special books printed in braille, larger print, reading with cctv technology, but in middle and higher education the materials and skills the students need to use variedly. In order to provide equal opportunies for students with visual impairments with their normally developing peers, they need to be provided keyboard and screen reading skills, other listening materials, note taking skills, and voice recorders and decision making on appropriate technique. However, the literature does not provide any evidence about needs of students with visual impairments who attend to higher education. The purpose of this study is to determine about needs of students with visual impairments in course preparation, course attendance, and test taking skills, learning medium preferences, and their level of skills in using those tools. In order to gather the data, semi-structured interviews has been conducted. A voice recorder has been used to record the interviews with transcripts. Content analysis has been selected as analysis method.
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EXAMINATION OF TEXTBOOKS ACCORDING TO TEACHERS EVALUATIONS NEVN SAYLAN, HASAN HSEYN AHAN Elementary school curricula have changed due to advances in science and technology and efforts toward adaptation to the European Union standards. Additional reasons were the changing paradigms in education necessiating changes. Furthermore, the curricula were renewed to meet educational needs of contemporary young generations who are expected to have new sets of competencies required of todays societal and global circumstances. The new curricula was implimented in all elementary schools in Turkey during the academic year of 2005-2006. Along with the renewed curricula, new textbooks were prepared. Standards for the textbooks were set from three stand points: scientific quality of the content; language and visual quality of the content. Evaluation of the new textbooks needs to be done in light of these three criteria. The purpose of this study is to examine teachers views on text books for the renewed curriculam. Data collection was done with Textbook Evaluation Survey developed by the researchers for the purpose of this study. The survey is a 5-point Likert-tyle scale. Data were transformed into percentages and frequencies. One-way analysis of variance was used to test differences between views of teachers according to the level of their schoos, the last school of graduation and seniority. LSD and Schefee test were used to further examine significant differences. Results were discussed in accordance with the specific research questions being addressed. Discussions and implications of the results were articulated.
16 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries AN ANALYSIS OF THE DISTANT EDUCATION COURSE TITLED "HIGHER EDUCATION IN EUROPE AND TURKEY" DRDANE BAYRAM, RAMAZAN KR PARMAKSIZ The course titled Higher Education in Europe and in Turkey has been run by means of distance education within the frame of cooperation between the Mnster and Ankara Universities. Higher education in Turkey and Germany, teacher training systems etc. have been dealt with within the context of the course. 2 seperate teleconferences have been held and a forum section is available on the website of the course. In this way, an active discussion platform was formed where the students had been able to exchange ideas and to share their homeworks and presentations. The purpose of this study is to perform a content analysis on the teaching learning process of this course. This is a qualitative study and the participants involve 3 teachers (1 German and 2 Turkish) and 34 students (15 German and 19 Turkish). The participants of the course are prospective teachers of undergraduate or graduate programs. The data analysis was conducted through content analysis. According to the findings of the study, the problems of the teaching learning process of the course will be discussed and recommendations will be developed. PERCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE AND MATH TEACHERS ABOUT QUALIFICATIONS OF SCIENCE AND MATH EDUCATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS SEYT AHMET KIRAY, BLGE GK, LKE ALIKAN, FTNAT KAPTAN
Knowledge that it is a big need should be related and integrated in a holistic and meaningful way. Nowadays, approaches of curricula have been changed partically according to the needs of the individuals and theage. The term integrated curriculum refers to both a way of teaching and a way of planning. And it organizes the instructional program so, the discrete disciplines of subject matter are related to one another in a design that matches the developmental needs of learners and that helps to connect their learning in ways that are meaningful to their current and past experiences (Kellough, 1996,p.vi). In this study, science and technology and mathematics teachers perceptions were taken about the relation process of the disciplines and courses according to the definition of the integrated curriculum. Qualitative research methodology was used for this study. Fifteen open-ended questions were asked to teachers in a semi-structural interview environment. Totally ten (five mathematics and five science and technology teachers) from two elementary schools in Ankara participated this study. Transcribes of the interview records were coded and categorized in meaning thema. Content analysis was used as a qualitative data analysis technique.
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TEACHER PERCEPTIONS ON ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT, BELIEFS OF SELF EFFICACY AND LEVEL OF BURNOUT CEVAT CELEP, ELF ABAT, FLZ ZSOY
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between the perceived organizational support, the beliefs of self-efficacy and level of burnout among teachers. The population of the study was the primary school teachers working in Kocaeli. The sample of the study consists of 800 primary school teachers. Data was collected using three different research instruments. Perceived organizational support scale was developed by the researchers using the existing scales by Eisenberger and Rhoades et al. (Eisenberger, Cummings, Armeli & Lynch, 1997; Rhoades et al., 2001; Lynch et al., 1999). The scale consists of 14 items, each having 7 options. In order to measure the burnout levels of teachers, Maslach Burnout Inventory, which had previously been applied and whose validity and reliability study had been done by Celep (2002), was used. Finally, in order to measure the beliefs of self-efficacy among teachers, the selfefficacy scale developed by Friedman and Kaas (Friedman & Kass, 2002) was used. The scale measures self-efficacy beliefs in two dimensions: class teaching efficacy and organizational efficacy. The findings of the study indicate that teachers with high perceptions of organizational support also have positive beliefs about their self-efficacy, and that teacher with positive beliefs of self-efficacy experience burnout less than the others. Another finding of the study was that, the relationships between these concepts differed between the two genders.
PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS' SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS SEVG AYDIN, YEZDAN BOZ

Teacher self-efficacy grounds on Banduras Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Self-efficacy is peoples judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to attain designated types of performances (Bandura, 1986, p. 391). Research studies indicated that teachers self efficacy beliefs were related with their behavior (Ashton, 1990), commitment to teaching (Coladorci, 1992) and student control (Woolfolk and Hoy, 1990). This study focuses on pre-service science teachers teaching self-efficacy beliefs and effect of school experience and gender on them. To collect data, STEBI-B questionnaire, including 23 five-point Likert-type items, developed by Enochs and Riggs (1990) was used. It consists of two subscales which are personal science teaching efficacy (PSTE) and science teaching outcome expectancy (STOE), additionally these subscales including 13 and 10 items respectively. The sample included 162 pre-service teachers, 50 females and 112 males, from all grades of four-year program. Descriptive statistics revealed that pre-service teachers had moderate teaching self-efficacy believes (M=51.20 for PSTE and M=36.71 for STOE). Moreover, MANOVA analysis indicated that there was not a significant effect of school experience on participants both PSTE and STOE beliefs whereas gender had a significant effect on pre-service teachers STOE beliefs.
18 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries WHAT A MENTOR MEANS IN THE ROMANIAN RURAL EDUCATION SYSTEM CLAUDIU LANGA, EMANUEL SOARE The present paper attempts to identify the characteristics of mentor in the rural environment of an important area in Romania which holds approximately 1/3 of the country. According to statistics, 50% of the countrys population live in the rural area. This fact leads to a specificity of the training needs of students living here, which are highly different from those of the students living in the urban areas. The results of the study contributes to the improvement of the mentor-mentee relations in the rural environment. The study represents a research based questionnaire and interview with the teachers teaching in the Muntenia province. It is also connected to the urgent, pressing objectives of the socio-educational reform in Romania, related to the European exigencies. PRESCHOOL TEACHERS' BELIEFS CONCERNING THEIR PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY ANNA MOUTAFIDOU, ARTEMIS ALEXANDRA GEORGOPOULOU, ERENE SIVROPOULOU, Teachers' perceptions of their professional role are generally found to be formed through their own pedagogical philosophy. Other recent studies support that teachers' perceptions and attitudes are greatly influenced by the experience they have acquired within their classroom environment. However, regardless of which of the positions researchers mainly support, they all result in the fact that teachers' professional identity influences both their efficiency and their will to cope with educational changes and to implement innovations. For this reason and because of the numerous changes and innovations pertaining to the preschool education, we attempt to explore the perceptions of the preschool teachers of Drama and Florina Prefectures, concerning their educational role. Specifically, this research focuses on three interactive parts. In the first part the theoretical discussion on the construction of the preschool teacher's identity is presented. Secondly we explore the beliefs of 122 teachers who responded to a questionnaire containing 36 questions-statements and we conclude with the interpretive analysis.
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THE MEANINGS ATTRIBUTED TO THE FUTURE FEATURES OF TEACHERS BY PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS ERGN ERGNER, FEVZ DURSUN Roles behaviors, attitudes of the teachers, methods and techniques applied may change in the future, just like they did in the past. This study aims at revealing the meanings attributed by the prospective teachers to the future features of teachers. A metaphoric analysis shall be made on the meanings attributed by the prospective teachers to the future features of teachers in this study which was designed with qualitative method. Semi-structured interview form whose validity evidences were tested with the opinions of experts will be used. Single question, subsidiary ten questions were related to teacher and structured drilling method. Hyperresearch analysis program will be used in the analysis of the data and metaphors will be categorized with content analysis. In the reliability test of the study, involuntariness of the prospective test was eliminated to collect evidences concerning internal coherence (credibility). Whether the findings are generalisable for similar studies in another context were submitted to the approval of specialists to collect evidences concerning external coherence. The study wase implemented in the Faculty of Education, Gaziosmanpaa University, in the spring semester of 2007- 2008 academic year. The sampling was determined with snowball method. The findings of the research were related to those of the other studies and proposals concerning future were developed.
20 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries OPINIONS OF WOMAN ACADEMICIANS IN HIGHER EDUCATION ABOUT GENDER DISCRIMINATION AYSUN ERGNER, RUKYE AHN Despite the fact that all kind of discrimination against woman is forbidden by laws, women still face discriminative applications because of their gender. According to Ivancevich and Gilbert (2000) observable types of diversity often evoke behaviours depend on biases, prejudices or stereotypes. Gender is one of the diversity types that are observable. Women are exposed to gender discrimination in their workplace. Dalkranolu (2006) reported that both women and male administrators have opinions against discriminative applications but they have discriminatory attitudes to the women who are in a lower position. The aim of the present study is investigating the woman academicians opinions about gender discrimination and problem solving strategies when they faced gender discrimination in work. Thus the administrators develop strategies, intervention methods and skills. The sample of the study is composed 30 woman academicians from three faculties of a university from Blacksea Region in Turkey. The data will be collected by a case form which is including 5 cases. A pilot study will be conducted in order to determine the most frequent problems encountered by woman academicians. Each case contains a problem situation caused by gender discrimination in work and subjects are asked how they feel and think about and solve that problem. The case form will be checked by three independent researchers. The data will be analyzed by using content analysis. Then the results will be discussed according to the related literature.
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LESSONS FOR PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS: MORAL DILEMMAS TEACHERS ENCOUNTER IN SCHOOL CONTEXT HANFE AKAR, YELZ TEML, DERYA EN Formal educational institutions play a crucial role in the intellectual, social, and moral development of students throughout their lives. In that respect, elementary school educators have an important mission in providing students with basic skills, habits and knowledge they need to practice throughout their lives. In other words, as teacher educators, we need to be equipped with the needs of prospective teachers so that we can develop learning environments in which they can envision how they can deal with morality and moral issues in their prospective classrooms. The data of this talk is drawn from a larger data set (N=771), and aims at addressesing two research questions: a) How often do teachers encounter moral dilemmas in the school context; b) How do teachers define the dilemmas that they have experienced? Findings reveal that teachers found themselves trapped in moral dilemmas quite often, and criticized themselves, their colleagues, families, school administrations and the media as being the cause. The study will elaborate and the moral dilemmas encountered, and suggestions offered by teachers for their colleagues overall. USE OF SIMULATION SOFTWARE IN TEACHING/TRAINING INDUSTRIAL ROBOTICS MIHAI STEOPAN, DANIELA POPESCU, VIRGIL ISPAS, CALIN NEAMTU Todays process simulators, through powerful graphical features, advances in CAD-CAM-CAE, equipment modeling techniques, reliable modeling algorithms (both for process modeling and robot modeling), made easy-to-use, allow even first-time users to quickly build a coherent process model. They can almost always supply a valid answer to a process by offering of a broader and deeper range of features and data than ever before. But, simulators, without competent users, can yield improbable (and even impossible) results in the real world. It is the responsibility of the user to validate the quality of process design and optimize the results from simulation software. This paper presents prerequisites for a good design of a robotic process, and shows, by example, how simulation capabilities can increase the level of understanding regarding the industrial robots design, robotic processes, robot gripper design and kinematics. Also the aspect of integrating a robot in an existing manufacturing environment with some of the implications was presented, in order to show how university students or trainees could take important steps to increase the level of their understanding of a robotic process through the simulation work.
22 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries STUDENTS VIEWS ON THE CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION OF GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM: METU CASE AHMET OK, GLCN TAN MAN, MEHMET ERDOAN, ESRA ERET As individuals of the 21st century, we have been witnessing extraordinary developments and accelerating changes in different fields such as technology, science, economy, etc. New knowledge, new ways of doing and communicating in these fields continue to evolve and nations around the world have started to put more and more emphasis on specialized education, considered as one of the most powerful tool for qualified man power making new knowledge and technology possible. Within this perspective, this qualitative research study aims to examine the graduate student views on Curriculum and Instruction (CI) masters and doctoral degree program. Specifically, the study will tried to shed light on the current situation of the CI Program through assessing its content, delivery, assessment approaches and resources. as offered by one of the highranking universities in Turkey. The data for the present study will be collected from 17 graduates of master and doctoral students through semi-structured individual interviews. The data derived from the interviews will be transcribed verbatim and then will be subjected to qualitative data analysis. However, it is believed that the method followed in this study and the findings will enlighten those who are in search of assessing their graduate programs. Furthermore, it is believed that this study will give insights to the faculty and institutions planning to open new graduate programs.
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THE OPINIONS OF TEACHER CANDIDATES ABOUT DEVELOPING VOCABULARY ETN ETNKAYA, OLCAY ZDEMR One of the important methods of developing reading, which is defined as comprehension period, is word teaching. Limited word teaching results in artificial acquisition and wrong vocabulary knowledge. What is important in word teaching is the quality of the time spent, not the length of the time. Sufficiently equipped teachers are also needed in addition to a well-planned, systematical and continious education program is required for an efficient word teaching. Besides the support of the teacher such as evoking and maintaining the interest for the word, creating an enthusiasm to increase the vocabulary knowledge of the student, the teacher needs to be proficient enough to use the methods such as associative method, finger method, groupping, direct word teaching, word mapping method, meaning analysis, word groupping and use of dictionary method. In this descriptive case study research, answers were searched for the question what are the opinions of the candidate primary school teachers about developing the vocabulary knowledge?. The research was carried out with students of Gazi University, Faculty of Education, Primary School Education Department. The semi structured survey form was applied to 90 senior students. In order to build up items which are expected to serve for the purpose of the study, the opinons of an expert were consulted while developing the data collection device. The items of the survey applied to the working group were analiyzed through the help of statistical techniques of arithmetic mean and frequency.
24 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE EFFECT OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING APROACH ON STUDENT SUCCESS AT THE MATH EDUCATION SEVN MERT UYANGR, MEHMET GKTAN VEZ In this study research, the effects of Project Based Learning Approach on mathematics, students attitudes and students opinions about the process were investigated. The study performed in Balkesir Bigadi Vocatinal and Technical Education School. Qantitative and qulatitative methods were used together to display the effect of Project Based Learning Approach on learning process in the study. Project Based Learning Approach in Mathematics course was applied on a circus model, building Smiling Mirrors about Rational Numbers subject, and vocational role distribution was done for students about the study. Before and after the application, an achievement test about Rational Numbers was applied to students as a pre-test and post-test. Also, Attitude Scale towards Mathematics course was applied to students to determine their attitudes towards Mathematics course. T-test and ANOVA were used to analyse the data. The data about the students opinions about the learning process were gathered with the inteview form which was developed by Yurtluk. It was concluded that there was a significant difference between the achievement degree of the control group and the experimental group srudents. Also, at the end of the study no change was seen in the area of students attitudes. When the students opinion on the project was examined, it was concluded that teaching Mathematics with group works was an activity which helped improving students self-confidence and raises students love towards mathematics.
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A STUDY ABOUT THE PRESERVICE TEACHERS ATTITUDES TOWARDS TEACHING THEIR FIELDS DENZ GRAY, MRA YILMAZ Attitude considered to be a fact that shapes the behaviors of the individual and causes bias in decision-making process, forms the most significant part of affective domain. Therefore, inevitably, positive or negative attitudes of the individuals towards a stimulant will shape his/her responses. Similarly, it is a known fact that the attitudes of teachers and students affect the learning process. As a result, the attitudes of preservice teachers towards their teaching fields will have an effect on the learning and teaching environment they set. The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of biology, physics, and chemistry preservice teachers towards teaching their fields and to examine the variables that predict those attitudes. The sampling group includes 76 preservice teachers from Biology Education Department, 67 from Physics Education Department and 82 from Chemistry Education Department (225 preservice teachers in total). An attitude scale toward teaching, a self-efficacy scale, and an affective characteristics scale were used in this study. The results of the study was evaluated using SPSS 10 package with the help of regression analysis. PRIMARY TEACHERS CONFIDENCE TO TEACH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND THEIR ATTITUDES TO SCIENCE TEACHING ESMA BULU KIRIKKAYA, ZEYNEP ZBUDAK, RUHAN ZEL The purpose of the study is to investigate the confidence to teach Science and Technology and attitudes to science teaching of 4th and 5th grade class teachers and Science and Technology teachers. The questionnaire applied within the scope of this aim includes different parts namely individual properties, the main subjects of curriculum, learning subjects, measurement and evaluation and planning questions about confidence for competences on science program, and the attitudes to science teaching scale. The universe of this survey study includes all the primary schools in zmit. All of the class teachers of fourth and fifth grade and primary Science and Technology teachers in 20 public schools represent the sample of this study. The original attitude to science teaching scale of Cronbach-alpha reliability which has been taken as a reference in this study is 0.96. After translated into Turkish, and recognized, necessary arrangements are applied to the questionnaire in terms of its scope validity by Turkish language experts. The Alpha reliability of the final version of the scale is 0.95. The data of this research is analyzed by SPSS program.
26 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries PRESERVICE TEACHERS SENSE OF EFFICACY AND BELIEFS ON CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT AYE NEG ISIK, ERKAN IIK Teachers perceptions of their beliefs about classroom management is one of the most enduring and widespread issues in education (Martin & Yin, 1997). Doyle (1986) suggested that one of the major tasks of teaching is to establish and maintain order in the classroom. Especially novice teachers have difficulties in establishing and maintaining this. The selection of a classroom management approach or a collection of techniques and the ways teachers react towards any classroom situation, teachers beliefs about their efficacy are argued to be influenced by teachers conceptualization of classroom management and what it constitutes. In the light of the recent research findings our aim was to investigate preservice teachers sense of efficacy and beliefs on classroom management. The research was conducted on 273 preservice teachers attending classroom management courses at Seluk University. The Attitudes and Beliefs on Classroom Control Inventory (ABCC), developed by Martin, Yin, and Baldwin (1998) and adapted into Turkish by Savran and akrolu (2004) was used to investigate preservice teachers classroom management beliefs. Teachers Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES), developed by Tschannen-Moran and Hoy (2001) and adapted into Turkish by Aydn, akrolu, and Sarkaya (2004) was used to measure preservice teachers sense of efficacy. Analysis of the study is still ongoing.
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CREATIVE DRAMA AS AN ALTERNATIVE TEACHING METHOD IN MORAL EDUCATION DURDANE LAFCI, ERCAN KRAZ Moral development of students is very critical and important issue in education. According to Kohlberg, if students were to develop morally, they needed to grow in ability to view other perspectives, integrate conflicting points of view, and embrace universal principles (McCambridge, 1998). To improve these aspects of students, some methods and techniques can be used in moral education. It is considered that creative drama is one of the teaching methods that can be utilized to design instruction in classroom environment. Drama seems to be an effective teaching method for acquisition of particular knowledge and attitudes. Many researches showed that drama as an educational method is beneficial for students in cognitive, affective and behavior development. The process drama writers, Bolton (1984), Heathcote (1985), and ONeill (1995), have stated that drama can and will encourage moral growth. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate how creative drama can be used in moral education. To achieve this purpose, articles and related thesis have been reviewed. After examining these sources, content analysis will be done. In addition to, sample activities as an example have been prepared. Through these activities, the importance and the role of creative drama as teaching method in moral education have been discussed.
28 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN EDUCATION: THE CASE OF TURKEY YAAR KONDAKCI This paper analyzes private (corporate) giving to public education in Turkey. The paper uses concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in analyzing corporate giving to public education in Turkey. A commonly highlighted educational issue in Turkey is that the beneficiary of education in general contributes less to education (Akarsu, 1990). Education is basically perceived as a public service and the finance of public education is largely dependent on public monies allocated from public budget. However, because of various reasons, Turkey has also confronted with some challenges in meeting the demands for education. One of the reasons behind failing to meet the demand for education is the limited public resources allocated to education. Akarsu (1990) argued that Turkey is one of the few countries in which the sectors making use of the products of educational system do not financially support the process (pp.33-34). This statement suggests that the beneficiaries of the output of education system in Turkey (i.e., private sector, industry, voluntary organizations, local administrations) should financially contribute to education at all levels. Macro level data from different sources (i.e., Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, Court of Accounts, and OECD) is used in order to analyze the corporate giving to public education. The results of the study are expected to provide a picture of corporate contribution to education, the dynamics of corporate contributions and the possibility of improving corporate giving to education in Turkey. It is believed that the concept of CSR provides more possibilities for making the corporations more accountable for contributing to education at all levels in Turkey.
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MOTHER TONGUE EFFECT IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE EMNE EDA ERCAN Teaching English as a second language presents some difficulties. The mother tongue of the students can be both an aid and a handicap for us, the teachers. Students tend to turn to their mother tongues when they get stuck in English. If the languages are from the same or similar language family, then usually students get help from their mother tongues and it helps, too. German and English are in the same language family and some uses are the same. For example, Wir helfen ihm and We help him are structured in the same way. However, if the languages are far from each other then, its a total disaster for the students. Turkish students tend to use We help to him in a wrong way to give the same meaning, as the structures are totally different. Teachers generally use the term it smells Turkish just for this kind of situations. Of course there are ways to get rid of this problem. In this paper Ill try to handle these. DEVELOPMENTS IN ARTISTIC VOCATIONAL TRAINING USING MODERN SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES MIHAI DRAGOMIR, DANIELA POPESCU, ERICH TUERK, CALIN NEAMTU The correct employment of vocational training in the field of fine arts is critical for the development and expression of native talent. In the case of musical training and especially in the case of keyboard instruments, many times achieving this can be a difficult task due to the fact that instruments are expensive, rare or hard to obtain. The current paper approaches this challenge by offering a possible solution to musical education providers to stimulate the aspiring artists with the help of modern simulation, reverse engineering and CAD/CAM technologies. A methodology for the correct reproduction of musical instruments for virtual training environments is proposed by the authors. Also, a case study is presented, dealing with the reconstruction of an old musical instrument (i.e. an organ). This demonstrates that, beside its educational use, variants of the proposed methodology can be used for the virtual or even real reconstruction of valuable instruments that have been damaged or lost, in this way allowing modern man to regain a significant part of its artistic past.
30 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE IMPORTANCE OF ECOLOGY-BASED NATURE EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN LEARNING THE NATURE LANGUAGE AL MEYDAN, SAT AKBALI Within the scope of Nature Education Project by TUBITAK Science Department, which aims to provide a wide ecology vision to young research assistants from different departments, master and doctorate students and scoutleader teachers; the love of science with teaching the nature language, the opportunity of application and use of this current scientific knowledge; in July, 2008 the Project of Ecology-based Nature Education around Konya and Beyehir Lake National Park will be carried out. With this training, the protected area and its natural and cultural values will be studied by the lecturers of the university in a participated learning. The study will be carried out in July, 2008; with the Project of Ecologybased Nature Education around Konya and Beyehir Lake National Park. There will be nearly 30 participants. In the research, qualitative research methodology will be used. Data collection instrument of 8 semi-structured interview questions will be used. The results will be studied thoroughly. With the answers, some codes will be created and these codes will be commented by the researchers. At the end of this research, the importance of Nature Education project in learning the nature language will be emphasized.
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STUDENT-FACULTY CONTACT AND COOPERATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS BRAHM KISA, YCEL GELL, ABAN ETN The goal of this research is to examine student-faculty contact and cooperation among students in the university. The sample of the research is consisted of 500 university students recruited from some of the schools of Gazi University. A student inventory was prepared by the researchers to collect data about student-faculty contact and cooperation among students. Results indicated that 31.7% of the students rarely look for opportunities to develop informal relationships with the professors, 34.3% of them talk with their professors outside of the class about their courses and other things, 33.3% of them find out about their professors what else they teach, areas of expertise, and other areas of interest, 35.5% of the students attend events in which faculty are involved and 36.1% of them give their professors feedback about the courses in which they are enrolled. While 32.9% of the students often seek feedback from their professors about their work, 36.3% of the students occasionally question their professors when they disagree with what is said. Findings about cooperation among students indicated that most of the students (over 42%) often try to get to know their classmates, study with other students in their courses, work with other students in informal groups, discuss issues with students whose background and viewpoint differ from theirs and share their knowledge and skills with others. Also, 56.3% of the students very often assist other students when they ask them for help, and 48.3% of the students tell other students when they have done good work. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NINE COMPULSERY EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA JASMINA DELCEVA - DIZDAREVIK In our country for the first time last year we implemented nine years primary education. In this paper will be present the data from twenty (20) schools, which give us positive information about the new structure and also some problems, including the teachers, how they implemented this new program (curricula). In the paper we also present information about the teacher education in there capacity.
32 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE TRAINING PROGRAMMES IMPLEMENTED FOR FATHERS IN TURKEY NURTEN SARGIN, AYSEL ADA, BAHADIR BOZOLAN In this study, it has been tried to introduce the training programme implemented for fathers in Turkey. The parental significance in training children has also been focused. In the study, Literature Survey Technique has been used of. By introducing the training programmes implemented in Turkey parallel to the training programmes implemented world-wide, it has been tried to draw the attention of those who work on this subject. MEDIA LITERACY EDUCATION IN BALKAN COUNTRIES F. BELGN TANRIVERD The objective of the European Union is to become the worlds most advanced information society by the year 2010. In this context, Europes unique offer to an increasingly interdependent global society is its enormously rich and distinctive cultural heritage and its traditions of democracy, intellectual freedom, religious tolerance, uncensored publication and open debate. The new digital technologies present unprecedented opportunities for far wider participation in the continuing development of Europes cultural heritage and civil traditions in a global context. At the same time however, these technologies offer profitable opportunities for misinformation, unwanted surveillance, abuse of the vulnerable of public discourse. The rapid development of digital technologies has thus made more urgent an issue that has been pressing for some time: the need for European citizens to fully understand the means by which information, ideas and opinions are now created, circulated and shared in modern societies: in other words, for a media literate population. Today, media literacy is as central to active and full citizenship as literacy was at the beginning of 19th century. In order to present a new and definitive media literacy education model in school curricula, it is essential to define and analyze how the current MLE occurs in school systems. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast MLE in school curricula of EU member and EU candidate Balkan countries. In this study, school curricula of Balkan countries are analyzed in terms of various aspects and some recommendations will be developed.
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A STUDY ON TEACHERS AWARENESS RELATED TO CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE NURTEN SARGIN, MUSA KROLU In this study, awareness levels related to conflict and violence of teachers who work in schools under the umbrella of ministry of national education in Tokat city have been tried to be discovered from the point of several variables. It has been tried to find out the teachers awareness related to conflict and violence from the point of several variables. Participants have been implemented a translated scale whose reliability, validity and adaptation analyses were done and a personal information form. The study is still going on. HOW DOES COOPERATIVE LEARNING FIT IN WITH OTHER ELEMENTS IN AN EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE CLASSROOM ECE SARIGL This presentation aims to examine the importance and usage of cooperative learning in language teaching. Cooperative learning, also called collaborative learning, occurs whenever students interact in pairs or groups to share knowledge and experiences. It can be defined as concepts and techniques for helping students learn together. Cooperative learning offers many tools for structuring this type of thinking interaction. Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement. Students work through the assignment until all group members successfully understand and complete it. There are many advantages of using cooperative learning in language classrooms. It fits in with other elements in an effective language classroom. Research has shown that cooperative learning techniques can promote student learning and academic achievement, increase student retention enhance student satisfaction with their learning experience help students develop skills in oral communication ,develop students' social skills , promote student self-esteem help to promote positive race relations . In this presentation all of the important points about cooperative learning will be examined and exemplified in addition to classroom activities.
34 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries PRESERVICE TEACHERS PERSPECTIVES ABOUT THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY: A CASE OF FIRAT UNIVERSITY ZLF GEN
The teachers are very significant for the countries since they educate the future generations. As we believe that future will be technologically dominant, our new generations should also be knowledgeable about them. Therefore, it is vital for the preservice teachers to learn information and communication technologies earlier than their graduations. On the other hand, knowing is not enough to implement it in their prospective classrooms. The perception of preservice teachers is the initial stage to decide whether or not they will utilize the technologies in their classrooms. This study will depict the current perception of the preservice teachers in Faculty of Education, Firat University. The instrument has been developed for a master thesis, specifically dedicated to technology perception of preservice teachers. It included demographics and thirty-two likert type questionnaire items. The instrument will be implemented to 200 preservice teachers and the results of the study will be scrutinized statistically. Under the light of the findings, interpretations and recommendations will be written.
THE TURK VOCATIONAL SCHOOL IN BALKANS: KOMEK MUCAHT SAM KKTILI Komek is one of the biggest Vocational Education Schools is opened by local goverments in Turkey. It has many different courses, thats spectrum is large from learning Chinese language to learning Cnc machine, for inhabitiants of Konya City. Komek is the first school that has branch in the Balcan Country: Bosna Hersegova, Sarajova. The main question is what are the reasons to open a School opened by a Local Goverment (Konya Metropolitian Municiplity) in Sarajova. When we discussed to Chairmen of Konya Municipality we can understand that Konya and Sarajova are sister cities so that they want to show each other their supports. One the most important step of the supporting idea is to open Komek Courses in the Sarajova. Konya Municipality wants to open new job opportunties for women and young girls who are living in there. On the other hand, Konya Municipality wants to share and spread out in the Balcan countries Turkish traditional arts with Komek Schools. Komek is very interesting vocational school in Turkey because it is alone in Turkey to have a branch in abroad and Balcan Countries. Komek is willing to open new branches in Macedonia, Kosova in the next years.
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USING VIRTUAL REALITY FOR CREATING (E)LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS CALIN NEAMTU, MIRCEA GALIS, MIHAI DRAGOMIR, DAN HURGOIU
Rapid evolution of IT technology forced the producers to create more and more complex products, whose life cycle is very short. In these conditions the education providers (e.g. universities) need to adapt very quickly their teaching solutions so their students don't get stale information about obsolete products or technologies. The investments in hardware equipment can be unprofitable if the students' number is small and the time in which the investment is in "the state of the art" is short. In these conditions, the use of VR learning environments brings a competitive advantage through the speed with which they can be adapted to a certain modification of the material used in training. The paper will present an example of the use of VR for creating a learning environment used in the training of aviators. The created learning environment can be used at a centralized level (with a 3D projector) or distributed, using an intra- or internet.
TEACHERS PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES AMONG THEIR STUDENTS ZGR ERDUR-BAKER, ONUR ZMEN
This study has two aims: 1) to explore classroom teachers experiences regarding the presenting psychological problems of their students; and, 2) to understand how they try to help those students and whether or not their intervention is effective. The motivation of the study comes from the fact that teachers participation and support is crucial for a successful outcome of any of the programs that would implemented by the psychological counseling and guidance services. Classroom teachers spend a substantial amount of time with students, and thus their experiences with students would be vital for preparing prevention and intervention programs for a healthy school environment. This study is qualitative in nature. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with approximately 20 volunteer teachers from different educational levels. The subjects taught by the participating teachers varied. Each participant was asked the following questions: 1Based on your experiences, what is (are) the psychological problems most often faced by your students?; 2- How do you respond to their presenting psychological problems?; 3- Do you think that your responses are effective? Additionally, a sample case was presented and the teachers were asked how they would intervene. The responses obtained from the participants were analyzed individually by two researchers. Descriptive data analyses procedure was utilized. Results and implications were discussed with the help of related literature.
36 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE PROCESS OF VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN TURKEY TRKAN KAYSER It is a real fact that the recent scientific and technological developments affect on society and the individuals life on a large scale and bring about new innovations in cultural,economical and social fields.Recent technology and industry added an intellectul charecteristic such as creativity ,thinkthank,problem resolution ,structuralism onto the modern mankinds business world. Vocational Education is the process in which an occupation that is required for individual and social life provides knowledge,ability and application and it also contribute to the individul such as the following points; socio economic,emotional and inttellectual. In this study the development process of the Vocational and Technical Education in Turkey is examined in respect of years and months as well as the comparison of the other applications in the world.There is eventually some comments on future of the Vocational and Technical Education. In this perspect, this study will contribute to the applications of the Vocational and Technical Schools and their decreased populations of students and teachers.
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STATES AND PERSPECTIVES IN QUALIFICATION OF TEACHERS FOR REALIZATION OF THE TASKS OF THE PEDAGOGY OF LEISURE TIME ANETA BARAKOSKA The significance of schools and education in leisure time is more than a basic question, when we talk about the surpassing of the conflict between preparations for work and preparations for leisure time. Historically viewed, the more things were defined as leisure activities, the merrier they were maintained in the schools. Today, leisure activities present essential part of the whole human occupancy, while education is the central conductor of that preparation. Important assumption for successful realization of the practical pedagogical work of the pedagogy of leisure time is qualifications staff that will work in this domain. Our educational institutions undergo dramatic changes. People are neurotically possessed by their own insecurity, they are moving very slow towards the pedagogy of leisure time and emancipation of the constructive and creative capabilities of ones' personality. Experiences, gained throughout our work, show that the teachers are not capable enough to implement the goals and the tasks of the pedagogy of leisure time in its entirety. This work would present some states concerning qualification of staff for the domain of leisure time under our conditions compared to the states of Western Europe countries. Likewise, in this work would be indicated certain suggestions for more efficient overcoming of this problem, which represents important domain for the realization of the goals of education.
38 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries BULGARIAN HIGHER EDUCATION AND CREATING OF "LEARNING SOCIETY": THE CASE OF SOUTHWEST UNIVERSITY MILENKOVA VALENTINA To foster a learning society, it is important to develop further education system and its characteristics in environmental, institutional, and policy context. The aim of further education, especially higher education is to stimulate individuals to create a positive attitude towards learning and a motivation for upgrading qualification and competitiveness. The present paper is concentrated on the relationships between various meso and micro variables and the learning experiences of students in Bulgarian higher education context. The proposed paper is based on several sociological surveys of education process at Southwest University (in Bulgaria) carried out through last years. The data obtained revealed different aspects of positions, opinions, and attitudes of Bulgarian young people towards higher education and learning. The paper aims to present in-depth information about these learners' positions of provision for further education, including expectations towards university learning, obstacles to access and support received, determinants of choice behaviour, etc. and relate this information with other individual characteristics (like age, gender, ethnic group, social position, social origin). The main concern is also to distinguish students evaluation of learning activities at the university level. So, the evaluations and choices of different individuals are influenced by the specific institutional and structural settings (meso level), which have determined students perception of aspects as supporting or discouraging students learning. The paper is considered to follow these micro and meso (institutional) level characteristics as part of complex factors that could stimulate or hamper the persons motivation to participate in further education.
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EDUCATION AND ETHNIC TOLERANCE ALBENA NAKOVA The proposed article examines the role of education for the formation of the perceptions that various ethnic communities have of one another in the present times of intensive interethnic interaction. More specifically, we are considering the difference in the perceptions of the other ethnos that people with secondary vocational and higher education have as compared with people with secondary general and lower education. The analysis is based on the empirical sociological survey conducted in 2007 in Bulgaria in a city where three ethnic communities coexist Bulgarians, Turks, and Roma; the analysis aims to deduce the conditions for tolerant interethnic social communication and interaction, particularly in connection with the self-perceptions and perceptions of others that various ethnic communities form in terms of ethnic stereotypes and prejudices. We connect interethnic tolerance at the purely theoretical level with the consistency of the perceptions of various ethnic groups, characterized by a positive image of ones own ethnic community and the maintenance of a positive or neutral image of the other ethnic community (manifested as positive self-stereotypes connected with positive or ambivalent stereotypes of others and with lack of prejudices). That is why our study is aimed at deducing the character of the stereotypes that each of the three ethnic groups - Bulgarian, Turks and Roma form of their own group and of the other two. The emphasis of the study of self-stereotypes and stereotypes of others is put on the specific features of their cognitive structure and orientation according to the attained level of education; in this way we seek to determine the role of education for achieving perceptual consistency and, respectively, for producing a model of tolerant interethnic social communication and interaction.
40 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries IN-SERVICE TRAINING FOR TEACHERS: THEIR NEEDS AND ATTITUDES IN THE PROVINCE OF GREECE CATHERINE DIMITRIADOU, DORA PSOMA Provided that change as the only constant has become a contemporary commonplace in postmodern society embracing socio-economic, scientifictechnological, political and cultural data, any educational reform around the globe is expected to respond to a variety of needs concerning education. Tightening the connection between schooling, employment, productivity and trade, enhancing student outcomes in employment-related skills and competencies, attaining more direct control over curriculum and increasing community imput to education are some central elements among them. Teachers continuing education, therefore, as an indispensable parameter contributing to the attainment of the above, now has to be seen in a framework related not only to the classroom or the curriculum, but also to the identity of learners and the various socio-economic, geographical and cultural contexts. This assumption applies especially to the teachers of Balcan Countries, where the pace of change and the intensification of complexity and interdependence make the educational reform imperative for all educational levels. This paper refers to an inquiry presenting the educational needs and attitudes of teachers working at provincial primary and secondary schools in Greece. Their previous in-service training experience and their preferences on methods and strategies of continuing education are expected to be linked to their personal, scientific and professional development.
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GENERAL FEATURES ABOUT THE VOCATIONAL TENDENCY ACTIVITIES AND CURRICULUMS RELATED ADULT EDUCATION COURSES APPLICATED IN THE PUBLIC EDUCATION CENTERS IN MERSIN EMEL LTANIR, Y. GRCAN LTANIR, EYLEM YALIN NCK
One of the institutions which provide informal adult education to the highest adult population is Public Education Center. Public Education Centers educate approximately 95% of adults in various areas (see Aydn, H ve Gntrk R (2003) Erwachsenen- Weiterbildung in der Trkei Internationale Perspektiven der Erwachsenenbildung 37. The institute was founded for spreading the Principles of the Republic to the country in the name of Community House and took the name Public Education Center in 1960, then became widespread in the country. It has divisions in every district and province. Mersin Center in Turkey was chosen for this research. The basic distinguishing feature of Mersin Public Education Center is pronounced by internal migration from Southern East and Eastern Anatolia. The particular migration has affected the basic life style of Mersin residents in a negative way. Thus, not only teaching objectives but also educational objectives have been planned to be attached to each program in Public Education Center. Basic objectives in educational objectives are about the integration of internal immigrants. In this respect, the projects, especially for women, include literacy courses and career development (cutting, sewing, etc.). The purpose of this case study is to make the vision and mission of the programs related to professional education in Mersin Community Training Center visible via interviews with trainees and adult trainers. In order to realize this purpose, some programs including participants especially from internal migration will be chosen and the information below will be gathered. Data gathering technique is the interviews with trainees and adult trainers. The presentation is completely based on qualitative research. Class management activities of the adult trainer Problems about the way the content is constructed in the program Place and space order of teaching Supporting extra-curricular activities about the running program The qualities of the participants The qualities of the adlut trainers The views of the Community Training Center managers/directors about the orientation of the participants The population of the research includes the adult training programs except literacy programs in Mersin Community Training Center between the months April and August in 2008 and the students participated in the programs. The sample of the research includes 5 different programs and adult students most of whom are internal immigrants.
42 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries FURTHER EDUCATION OF PRESCHOOL AND ELEMENTARY TEACHERS IN MACEDONIA LENA DAMOVSKA
This paper will present the existing systematic options for the education and professional development of educators and teachers in the Republic of Macedonia. Furthermore, informal education will also be looked at, as well as the effects of the application of each in the educational and teaching process with children. In recent years, in the Republic of Macedonia, a series of reforms have been carried out in preschool and elementary school education, a number of projects have been realized. All this has created the need for changes in the study programmes in the education of educators and teachers. This paper will present the achievements and the experiences that have been gained up to now.
DEVELOPING THE PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS AYTUNGA OUZ, H. ZGE BAHAR
The qualities a teacher has influence the learning environment. For this reason, prospective teachers should acquire the modern teaching competencies in teacher education programs. One of the individual characteristics of prospective teachers is the epistemological beliefs they have. Epistemological beliefs can be defined as the individuals beliefs regarding the nature of knowledge, knowing and learning. These beliefs both influence the students learning process, and are influenced by different variables in the learning process. Research findings indicate that education, besides such variables as age, family, and culture, has an important influence on the development of epistemological beliefs. It is important to develop the prospective teachers epistemological beliefs in teacher education. Teachers who have sophisticated epistemological beliefs can organize learner-centered learning environments and maintain active learning experiences. In this way, they can contribute to the development of students epistemological beliefs. For this reason, in teacher education programs, students epistemological beliefs should be examined and developed starting from the freshman year. Designing constructivist learning environments such as project-based learning, problem-based learning and cooperative learning is very essential in developing the prospective teachers epistemological beliefs. Teacher trainers, who will provide the prospective teachers with that kind of environments, also should have sophisticated epistemological beliefs. Moreover, the influences of the epistemological beliefs of practice teachers in practice schools should be taken into consideration. The aim of this study is to put forward the factors influncing the prospective teachers epistemological beliefs, to discuss how these beliefs could be developed in the learning environments and to come up with some suggestions regarding the matter.
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THE NEW PARADIGM IN THE EVALUATION OF THE STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE NATURAL-MATHEMATICAL SUBJECTS NIKOLINA GEORGIEVA The change that has been made in the content of the natural-mathematical subjects is related to the needs of the future, of the developing 21 Century technological society. A strategy, defining the interrelation between the objectives, the students educational activities, the educational content /of a constructional type/ and the evaluation /the educational content restructuring/, is created. This strategy is based on educational process activities performed by the students. The purpose is to encourage them to be more active, to be trained how to do research work and to be able to discuss and analyze the results of this work. These substantial changes in the educational process lead to a new evaluation paradigm. The evaluation of a students activity, of his/her ability to cope with the subjects during the academic studies is an alternative to tests with structured answers in the natural-mathematical subjects. A students evaluation activities include: a particular assignment; a form, in which the result should be expressed; a result evaluation system. The new strategy, the way, in which the designated elements are combined, will be a determinant factor for improving the quality of the naturalmathematical education under the circumstances of the changing school.
44 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries ACTIVE LEARNING AND PROMPTING FEEDBACK OF THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS YCEL GELL, BRAHM KISA, ABAN ETN
The goal of this research is to investigate active learning behaviors and prompting feedback behaviors of university students. The sample of the research is consisted of 500 university students recruited from several schools of Gazi University. A student inventory was prepared by the researchers to collect data about active learning behaviors and prompting feedback behaviors of the students. Results indicated that 33.2% of the students occasionally speak up when they dont understand class material, 35.8% of them carefully assess their preparation and background for the courses they take and 34.6% of them seek out new readings related to their courses. On the other hand, 30.6% of the students often question the assumptions of the materials in their courses, 42.7% of them try to relate outside events or activities to the subjects covered in their course, 43.0% of them seek real world experiences to supplement their courses and 31.5% of the students take careful notes in their classes. Findings about prompting feedback behaviors of the students indicated that most of the students (48.3%) very often consider feedback from peers and then consciously decide how to act on while 32.6 of them rarely think about what they are learning from their courses and discuss it with their professors. Moreover, 42.8% of the students often get feedback from their professors on exams or other class work, and review their strengths and weakness, 30.8% of them talk over feedback with their professors as soon as possible if anything is not clear and 39.0% of them re-draft their papers and seek feedback from the professor in doing so. 22.5% of the students stated that they occasionally keep a journal in which they reflect on what they are learning.
EVALUATION OF PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER CANDIDATES IIL SNMEZ EKTEM, MEHMET AHN, PERHAN NVAR, SABAHATTN FT One of the best ways of problem solving is to apply problem solving strategies in an effective way. To serve this aim a research has been conducted on what strategy is being employed, what type of behaviors exist and how those behaviors vary in terms of class level of the students. Two teacher candidates have been selected from each grade level, primary school education department of selcuk university. Evaluation of the data clearly indicates that first, second, third and fourth grade teacher candidates develop basic approach to the problem solving.
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HOW OFTEN DO PRESCHOOL EDUCATION TEACHERS USE ACTIVITY MATERIALS IN KONYA PERHAN NVAR, KAMLE ZER AYTEKN The aim of this study is to determine how often preschool education teachers use activity materials. The sample of the study consisted of the teachers who work in preschool classes of primary schools, in independent preschool classes and in the private ones which are in city centre of Konya (in some county towns such as Selcuklu, Karatay and Meram). These teachers constitute 28% of the whole sample. In this study, the data was the result of the survey called How often are activity materials used in educational institutions? Moreover, thanks to interviews with teachers, qualitative data was acquired. As we conclude from frequency and percentage tables which were drawn at the end of the interviews, 95% of the teachers use mostly colorful papers and pastels in terms of creativity and free time activity. Besides, watercolor and salt tile are the ones which are used very often. Clay, mud and plasticine are preferred by only half of the teachers. In this study, one can also find some facts that hand and finger puppets are at the first place among puppet show materials, shadow puppet and stick puppet are used by half of the teachers from time to time and shadow puppet and lap puppet are the ones which are almost never preferred. In terms of music, tambourine, bell and maraca (sometimes called rhumba shakers) are mostly used, seashells, rainstick and emery blocks are preferred very rarely. In terms of science and nature, the materials which are very often applied consist of educational toys as well as albums, concept maps and plants. But experimental materials such as feeding animals, microscopes and magnifiers are preferred so seldom.
46 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries SEXUAL HEALTH EDUCATION, THE BEST VACCINE FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE HIV/AIDS KLEMENTINA PUTO, REXHEP SHKURTI Even in Albania, the cases with HIV/AIDS are growing in number, although in a lower percentage than in other countries. Let us keep this low prevalence of the persons infected with the HIV virus, the cause of AIDS. This must be the health education motto of all of us, particularly of the sexual education. This shall be achieved through the necessary correct and important information about this killing virus. The HIV virus does not forgive. Thats why AIDS is called The Plague of the Century. This information must be given to the children, to the young people of all ages both in the urban and rural areas, in the view of preventive health education, because to everyone, belonging to any race, religion, social or economic factor, in the absence of a vaccine, the only means to fight against HIV/AIDS is the health information and education. Education should aim at each individual coming to understand the consequences of his behavior. In Albania, there is not yet enough information about sex and sexuality. In many social zones and strata, talking about sex is still a taboo. Health education, particularly sexual education is not complete in general. Basic knowledge is lacking in various school cycles. In fact, the HIV/AIDs theme has been used for causing fear more than for providing information. Therefore, the main goal, not only at schools, but also outside it, always remains the sexual health education for protection from the SSS, especially from the HIV/AIDS, of course without leaving aside the human drama of the persons infected by this disease. FIGHT AGAINST AIDS, NOT AGAINST PEOPLE WITH AIDS.
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FOCUSES OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL COMMITMENT OF FACULTY CEVAT CELEP This study aims to determine the perceptions of the faculty members in Faculties of Education concerning the focuses of internal and external commitment. The internal focuses of commitment in school are composed of the faculty, job and work group dimensions, while external focuses of commitment are composed of religion and political thought. The population of the study is the faculty members working in Faculties of Education in Central Anatolia and Marmara region. The faculty members working in four of these faculties were chosen using random data sampling method. 200 questionnaires were distributed and 119 of them were used in the assessment. Data was collected using the measurement instrument which had previously been developed by the researcher for primary schools and later adapted for faculties. Focus of Internal Commitment Scale is composed of school, job and work group dimensions. Focus of External Commitment Scale is composed of religion and political thought dimensions. The validity and reliability studies of these scales are done and the reliability coefficient varies between .88 and .92. The findings of the study indicate that the level of the focus of internal commitment of faculty members is high and the members with high levels of external commitment have low levels of internal commitment. FURTHER EDUCATION AS A FRAME FOR DEVELOPING LIFE SKILLS TATJANA ATANASOSKA Beside other very important challenges which further education activities have, one of the most important is developing life skills through offering various programs for their development. Adult people have the right to work on their life skills, especially in the new context of life and work. They have the right to develop missing one, as well as building new one. This is very serious state worry because if you want to have healthy community, you have to build healthy foundation- adults with healthy lifestyle. Considering this in this paper we have an intention to point out some questions about further education activities as frame for developing life skills.
48 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries ATTITUDES OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS TOWARDS THE ROLE IN STUDENTS MORAL DEVELOPMENT DERYA EN, HANFE AKAR In spite of the pervasive view that the education mission of schooling should include moral development of the students, there is not much research on how this responsibility be shared among professionals who teach at different educational levels. With this current study we intend to understand how teacher candidates evaluate this assumed role of teachers. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to measure prospective teachers attitudes towards the role in students moral development. For this purpose, an attitude scale including affective, cognitive and behavioral intention components has been developed. Based on literature and our previous study, the scale includes items related to four underlying dimensions: responsibility, role model, effectiveness and usefulness. Besides, the survey also includes questions to reveal the moral understandings of teacher candidates and their perceptions regarding the relative importance of schooling, and additional factors that may have potential influences on the individuals moral development. Participants of this study will include all the junior and senior students attending the departments of Foreign Language Education, Secondary Science and Mathematics Education, and Computer Education and Instructional Technology at Middle East Technical University. LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES YASN ASLAN In this study, the significance of identifying and developing strategies in a context of learning foreign language for academic purposes is examined. The theoretical background, concerning language learning strategies is provided, various definitions and taxonomies of strategies- presented by certain researchers such as Oxford, Rubin, Stern are quoted and the importance of teachers role is explained. Our study was carried out with 101 university students in order to identify the range and the types of learning strategies employed by the students while reading, listening, speaking and writing for academic purposes. The results provided a wealth of data about the learning strategies used, as well as the difficulties students face in the specific context. Knowledge about students learning preferences needs and strategies, on the part of the teachers as well as of the students themselves, should lead to appropriate strategy training, contributing to students strategy development and reflection on the learning process.
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BELTEK: A CASE STUDY OF A FURTHER EDUCATION ORGANIZATION FOR THE TRAINING AND EMPLOYABILITY OF WOMEN AS A DISADVANTAGEOUS GROUP YAVUZ EREN, NADR ELKZ, MEHMET AHN, SAT ATA, CEMAL AKYOL, ALA GRGN In our age, it is generally accepted fact that human is the most important and valuable investment tool for democratisation, modernisation, development and competition. Nearly all the nations are giving more emphasis on policies and practices to this end. In this context, training and employment of women is one of the current issues under discussion. The fact that women, in nearly all the countries, have a lower position compared to men has been regarded as a major topic. Thus, training and employment of women has been an indicator for the development level of the countries. However, compared to other EU countries, the level of training and employability is much lower in our country. This case is one of the fundamental obstacles for national development and employability rate; thus, it is regarded as a very important issue in the EU process. Therefore, the training of women, their position and role in their families and labour force are of primary importance as the major items of agenda to be discussed. If the training of women, who make up of nearly half of the whole population and have important roles for the future generations, draws sufficient attention, it will not only help them to have self confidence and esteem but also enable them to contribute to production, thus to development, in parallel with their position in the society. There are efforts in Turkey, in a fast transformation and improvement phase, to train women and employ them. This has been in accord with the acceptance of lifelong learning as an efficient factor in formal or state organisations as well as in informal or nongovernmental training organisations. This is a case study based on BELTEK, which is a training organisation under Ankara metropolitan Municipality. BELTEK is one of the initiatives aiming to train women and help to boost their employability. In this descriptive study, the goals, structure, training activities for the training and employability of women, the scope of its practice are analysed together with the views and suggestions of the women under training programme and their prospective employers as to the nature of the programme. Thus, this study, based on BELTEK, will lead to new suggestions and innovations in such initiatives addressed to women as a disadvantageous group.
50 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries AN EXAMINATION OF FRESHMENS EXPECTATIONS FROM AND DISAPPOINTMENTS OF COLLEGE EDUCATION SA KORKMAZ After graduation from high school, all students have to take the University Entrance Examination to have college education. In order to get enough point from the University Entrance Examination, students have to prepare very rigorously during secondary education. When they get admission from a university, they think they do not have to study so much because they believe they get over the most difficult part of their education. Their unmotivated situation worries their professors. This lessens the professors eagerness to teach them. The aim of this study was to determine freshmens expectations from and disappointments of college education. In order to investigate the research question, four sub-questions were used. A) What do the students expect and what do they find regarding methods of teaching? B) What do they dream about social life in the college? C) What do they fancy about general atmosphere of university? D) What are they most disappointed with? The subjects of the study are 205 freshmen at College of Education of Selcuk University. In order to collect data, four open-ended questions were asked. The students expressed their opinions on a form. Results indicated that students thought that they did not have to study so much and they did not have to attend the courses at university. On the other hand, they expected to find more social activities.
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APPROACHES OF BELTEK TRAINEES TOWARDS COURSES THEY HAVE ATTENDED H. ENAY EN, ABAN ETN, FLZ ETN Life long learning means creating a second chance for individuals by updating their knowledge and offering them advanced learning. Life long learning is investing more in people and knowledge and expanding basic knowledge and innovative learning opportunities. In this process, educational institutions play a pivotal role. Success has become a model of institutions which have succeeded in continuous and effective learning. In our era, being a learning individual and a learning society is important. In life long learning process there is an investment to conscious and constant learning. In life long learning process by updating basic skills, universities play an important role in providing new learning skills. Besides traditional roles of research and teaching, community service for universities has become an inevitable role. The pace of globalization, free trade, increasing population, changing business conditions have brought along many problems both in our country and in developed countries. The changes brought by new technologies and economic developments, makes life long learning necessary at employment stage. New opportunities should be given to individuals who have not been able to receive necessary education due to impossibilities and who have not been educated due to family and individual problems... etc. In societies, all diffused education opportunity based on life long learning approach, should be improved and especially bringing in skills, employment activities for young people who have not been able to attend a university should be increased and supported. Support from local administrations, voluntary institutions and private sector and cooperation of universities with these institutions or establishments is important. In this respect, BELTEK courses (Municipality Technical Courses) taking place within university in scope of life long learning with the cooperation of Gazi University and Ankara Metropolitan Municipality can be seen as a good example. Research will be conducted to measure the approach of trainees who have attended BELTEK courses towards these courses. Research will be in descriptive quality and the study group of the research will be all departments and registered students within the scope of BELTEK courses with the cooperation of Gazi University and Ankara Metropolitan Municipality. The research sample will be trainees attending courses from departments selected by random assignment. Data will be collected with approach scale used in identifying the trainee approaches towards courses. The gathered data will be analyzed in SPSS program regarding main and sub problems and results and suggestions will be put together as a report.
52 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries IMPROVING THE EDUCATION BY ADVANCE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES MIRCEA GALIS, ANTON POPA, CALIN NEAMTU The paper will point out some of the gaps in current education such as: the lack of creativity and attractiveness, the delay of using the state of the art of IT facilities in Learning Technologies and the impossibility of distance learners to practice in physical laboratories. Some solutions for improving the education and overtaking of these gaps are underlined as well. Despite the fact that the real world is a three dimensional one (3D) almost all achievements in teaching/learning process are in 2D. Facilities such as 3D modeling of processes and equipment (of any type and in any area- from Engineering till Medicine, from Physics till Geography, etc) and Virtual Reality Technology are today total affordable as costs, accessibility and computing resources. Therefore, the education can be highly improved by using these technologies at the sate of the art. The authors will present theirs achievements in using of Virtual Reality Technology as most emerging Advanced Learning Technology.
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PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS EXPECTATIONS ABOUT INSPECTORS GUIDANCE ROLE AND THESE EXCEPTIONS REALIZATION LEVEL SONER POLAT, CELAL TEYYAR UURLU Primary school inspectors have got the duties related to guidance, research, job training, inspecting and evaluating, and investigation. When the education inspection systems in the developed countries are examined, we can observe that guidance, research, and job training are more important than other roles of the inspectors and even also inspecting and investigation arent among the roles of inspectors. For this reason, this research makes important the tasks of primary school inspectors guidance role. The aim of this research is to point primary school teachers expectations about guidance roles of the inspectors and realizing level of these expectations that come true. The researchs data which is going to be done in a descriptive scanning model is collected according to primary school teachers ideas that are chosen by chance in Balkesir, Batman Hatay Provinces with a scale developed by researchers leaning against Ministry of Education, Directorate of Primary School Inspectors guidance and inspection directives. In order to determine primary school teachers expectations and realization of these expectations, arithmetic medium is checked and in order to test whether exception level and realization of these expectations are varying according to personal (sex, age) and professional (length of service, the place) features or not, Test T and Test ANOVA are going to be carried out. Also; in order to determine the level of the connection between expectations related to guidance and level of realization of these expectations, Correlation coefficient is examined. At the end of the research, it is discovered that inspectors arent meeting primary school teachers expectations. While primary school teachers expect about mostly occupational development and guidance about teaching environment from inspectors, it is revealed that inspectors, generally, couldnt meet primary school teachers expectations in all fields. Furthermore; when we examine primary school teachers expectations and perception of realization of these expectations from inspectors, while sex of the teachers isnt creating meaningful difference, the place where teachers work, age of the teachers and length of the service factors create meaningful difference. The ones who work in east provinces according to the ones who work in west provinces, young teachers according to elder teachers, teachers whose length of service is less according to the ones whose length of service is more have got much expectations and much think about these expectations come true.
54 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE NEED ANALYSIS FOR FURTHER EDUCATION OF THE RETIRED YAVUZ EREN, MEHMET AHN The ever changing and newly grown condition all over the world have deep impact on social and individual life. In this context, new knowledge, skill and attitude are to be adapted and adopted in parallel with these new conditions. The rapid improvement and sophistication in technology has compelled education to go beyond the present limit and cover a whole lifelong. Although every individual is liable to have problems of adaptation at every age phase, the crucial phase seems to be for the retired individuals. The fact that population of the retired in Europe exceeds the young population is one of the main reasons for giving more emphasis on the problems of this group. It seems essential to teach the members of this group how to survive and adapt to new conditions effectively. It is another fact that the retired individuals tend to feel themselves passive and unable. To eliminate this spiritual problem requires social security, medical care and social care. Education has been one of the main solutions devoted to the problems of this group, as it will meet many of their needs. Eculture has been playing a major role currently. The individuals have come to face to face with the cash dispensers at once although they have not met even the computers in their life. If they are introduced to e-culture, they will be able to order their needs from the supermarkets and they will be able to pay even their taxes online without being involved in any queue. They will be able to buy their tickets when they intend to have a trip. Furthermore, this new case will help them to have communication with other people, to enrich their world of experience and spirit, to have wider vision as they will feel they are of use, have a role, need to acquire new skills and enjoy their time more efficiently. In this way, they will be able to not only manage their lives but also lead to changes. This will, in the end, lead to additional production thanks to their new skills and capacity. Compared to that of the European countries, Turkey has a younger and more dynamic population nature. However, the 9% of the whole population (70 million) represents the retired group. One of ten is to be regarded as an individual who is to be involved in the lifelong education process for efficiency and adaptation. The problem is that Turkey does not have policies to meet the needs of this group in the lifelong learning stage. The white papers prove this efficiency adequately enough. This study is an effort to determine the needs of the retired people in the central city and neighbouring towns in Konya. It is a descriptive study using qualitative techniques. There will be sessions for focus group technique with about 50 retired men and women. The findings will determine the suggestion for both policy makers and for the related educational organisations.
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KITSCH RISK IN THE APPLICATIONS (DECORATIVE HOME ACCESSORIES, HOME TEXTILE) OF INFORMAL EDUCATION COURSES AND SUGGESTIONS TRKAN ERDEM
Informal Education is a lifelong education which includes all people in and out of formal education as a target group. The aim of informal education is to organize courses which will provide a wide group of people to adapt scientific, technological, economical, social and cultural developments of this era. A common kitch risk can be seen in occupation obtaining and skill courses opened by public and private institutions intended for adults. As its origin depending on 1870s from etymologic point of view, KITSCH is a German term. Its used for categorizing the styles present in architecture, fine arts, music, theater, media, cinema, literature after vulgarizing. For example, decorative home accessories such as plastic flowers, guipure curtain for motor vehicles, blue bead tree and lam inlaid beaded home textile with sequins are the products of kitsch plaudit. Its necessary for teachers and skilled educators to be educated their designaesthetic, technical skills in the direction of the needs of era and they should become conscious about kitsch.
THE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS ENCOUNTERED BY PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS DURING POST-BACCALAUREATE EDUCATION SABAHATTN FT, SERDARHAN MUSA TAKAYA
Post-baccalaureate education is an education taken voluntarily by those themselves want to improve and go forward in their careers after bachelors degree. Post-baccalaureate education consists of the programs of higher bachelors degree, doctorate, and competence in art. There are various programs of higher bachelors degree and doctorate, which primary school teachers are also able to take. However, during passing to post-baccalaureate education, during education, and after education, primary school teachers experience many problems. In this study, it is aimed to reveal what the problems encountered by primary school teachers during post-baccalaureate education and solution suggestions by them for these problems are. During study designed as qualitative research, interview method will be used. In order to select the working group to be chosen for the study, maximum diversity will be based on. Interviews will be made with the primary school teachers, completed their post- baccalaureate, serving in the province Konya, Turkey. For choosing the teachers, maximum diversity will be also based on. The researchers will collect the data via semi-structured questionnaire prepared for this study. For solving the data, narrative analysis will be used.
56 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries TEACHERS NOTIONS ABOUT THE THEIR OCCUPATIONAL IMPROVEMENT AHMET KURNAZ, AL MURAT SNBL Teachers notions about the occupational improvement are carried out in this report. This research has been conducted with qualitative approach. The data which have been compiled by means of corresponding methods have been evaluated by doing internal analyze. The data have been collected at the end of the interviews on 38 teachers who work at the governments primary school and teach various lessons. The issue about necessities for the occupational improvement of the teachers, the researches which can be used by them, the impacts of the formal training activities, the role of the central or individual embarks, the area of the school, where the teachers work and contributions of their officemates have been studied. DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES AND VOCATIONAL PERCEPTIONS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHER CANDIDATES SUSRAN ERKAN EROLU, HASAN BOZGEYKL, ABDULLAH IIKLAR, VAHT ALIIR The main aim of this study is to explore the demographic features and perceptions of special education teacher candidates. A questionnaire including fixed-response and Likert style questions were conducted to 200 special education teacher students enrolled in Faculty of Education in Seluk University to seek information about their backround characteristics, main reasons for choosing teaching as a career and perceptions of teaching profession. The findings of this study are believed to draw attention to the qualities and perceptions of candidate special education teachers bring with them to the teacher education curriculum. The study will conclude that as a result of spending four years in teacher training, the transformation of the thoughts of the candidates towards the teaching profession.
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SOME BARRIERS TOWARDS THE INITIAL TEACHERS FURTHER EDUCATION IN BULGARIA TRAYAN POPKOTHCEV, YANA RANGELOVA
The modern world development puts some new accents and requirements toward education. It becomes wide open dynamic system. The modern concept of knowledge transforms from its informative value toward its utility and efficiency for the solutions of different problem situations. There are some changes in the behaviour models of the new generation which reflect on the educational paradigm and put forward the need of new interpersonal relationships in the educative process. On this basis the teachers have to be able to answer many different challenges of the modern society. That is why it is essential for them to improve permanently their knowledge and pedagogical skills. Especially when they are under pressure on the part of the mass media, state institutions, parents and other social phenomena. The authors discuss some aspects of the initial teachers further education in Bulgaria in the context of the existing institutional relations, professional environment, educational dimensions and different ways to get further education program. The analysis of the present situation finds out some barriers towards the teachers further education development related with the need of a consistent policy in that field.
STUDENTS INDIVIDUAL WORK AND EUROPEAN CREDIT TRANSFER AND ACCUMULATION SYSTEM (ECTS) TRAYAN POPKOTCHEV
The official introduction of the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System in the Bulgarian Universities is a serious attempt at higher education teaching improvement. The traditional paradigm has been orientated towards gathering of academic knowledge; the educational process has been supervised by the lecturer and the control of the results has been limited. The modern concepts are connected with that kind of education which focuses on the needs of the market and the requirements of the clients including the needs of the students. The main accents are based on the knowledge, competencies and values important for the development of an active, resourceful and responsible attitude of each person in a changeable environment. The key competencies as the ability to use knowledge and information interactively, successful team work skills or further self-education strategy become very important in modern life. The introduction of the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System changes the role of the students. From passive learners they become more active constructors of their own education. The students individual work gets new dimensions. That is why this paper discusses the technological aspects and the control of this students activity and its reflection in the new syllabuses, tasks formulation, different ways for help and evaluation of the results.
58 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries VIEWS OF EFL TEACHERS AND STUDENTS ON THE TEACHERS' SELFEFFICACY ARF SARIOBAN The purpose of this study is to explore the important characteristics of foreign language teacher efficacy at prep-school studies at the university level. This study tries to (1) describe and determine the teachers self-efficacy based on the selected characteristics, (2) explore how much EFL classroom teachers get through the most difficult situations and students, and (3) to enlighten the ways to motivate and help EFL students learn effectively. The findings of this study have indicated that teachers and students clearly differ in their views on teacher efficacy. However, no one can deny that teachers play a crucial role in the development of learners because they plan, organize, help learners to learn the new knowledge, bring innovations into the classroom, create enthusiasm, make decisions, interact with students, and so on. In short there is no limit in their responsibilities and efforts to work with both hands-on students and hands-off (difficult students). If the experiences of the teachers who participated in this study are taken into consideration, it may be suggested that they receive in-service teacher training programs regularly at least once a year by professionals of the field which should include classroom management skills, new trends in methodology and pedagogy and evaluation and assessment strategies. WAYS OF UPGRADING THE VALUES OF ACTION RESEARCHES FOCUSED ON THE LIFE- LONG LEARNING OF TEACHERS DEAN ILIEV In the article will be presented our experience in organizing and realizing educational action researches, and the experience in realizing action research in the public administration. There will be some discussions about the possibilities in establishing the action research with the whole range of theoretically described characteristics. The first part of the paper will give the theoretical assumptions of the action researches. In the second part the processes of life-long learning of teachers will be in our focus. The third and the last part of the paper will deal with the creation and realization of the action researches in the processes of life-long learning of teachers, especially in the sense of triangulation, quadrangulation and some other ways of their validation.
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STUDENTS" PERCEPTION ON TYPES OF EVALUATION IN ROMANIAN HIGHER EDUCATION OTILIA CLIPA

Abstract The assessment is an educational field permanently inclined to all debates. The assessment acquires an important significance in the university education as the personality institutional development is to be completed. The university tends to form the future educators and researchers, hence the stress on the assessment significant role in promoting true values and in providing development backgrounds. The way in which the future teachers are to be shaped has a deep impact on the way in which they, at their turn will form the pupils personalities. It is the passage from saying to applying the theory. The evaluation has a very important impact in the entire process of academic training. The students evaluations describe, maybe, the best the reality from the academic relations field. This could be another issue of the academic evaluation through which its beneficiary appreciates analyses and decides within the academic area. In this study, we try to survey students perceptions upon using different way of evaluation in higher education (self-evaluation, peer-evaluation and heteroevaluation). We intend to present some results of our research about these types of evaluation in some Romanian universities.
INVESTIGATING TEACHERS PRACTICES ACCORDING TO THE LEVEL OF STUDENTS SAVA BATRK, HALL . TAOVA, GZDE SEKN
New research in mathematics education deals with the complexity of the mathematics classroom. The classroom teaching situation constitutes a pertinent unit of analysis for research into the ternary didactic relationship which binds teachers, students and mathematical knowledge. The classroom is considered as a complex didactic system, which offers the researcher an opportunity to gauge the boundaries of the freedom that is left with regard to choices about the knowledge to be taught and the ways of organizing the students learning. We can easily say that there are many variables which influence teachers practices in classroom e.g., epistemology, content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, beliefs about mathematics and mathematics learning of teacher and students mathematics level etc. So the objective of this study is to investigate teachers practices in different classes. In order to do that, one mathematics teacher was observed in a high-level and low-level class during one period of lesson on the same subject. Data were gathered from audio video-taped records of these two lessons. The analysis of data indicates that the level of class has an important effect on the teachers practices. For example, in high-level class the teacher takes care of mathematical proofs of given concepts while he ignores them in low-level class.
60 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries TRAINING OF PEDAGOGICAL STAFF AS EDUCATORS: ACTUAL PROBLEMS LILIANA TODOROVA Training of Pedagogical Staff as Educaitors. Actual Problems. Primary school teachers in Bulgaria are trained at universities as Bachelors or/and Masters. Their training is excellent in regard to the educational process in class but their competency for spiritual guidance is not sufficient. Some ideas of enrichment of the education in that point are offered in the article. This should happen by including interactive means during the training of the primary teachers-to-be. The attitude of the future teachers towards interactive means is studied in this article. On that base, some recommendations for optimizing and humanizing the whole education process. All that is connected to the actual tendencies in Europe. FURTHER EDUCATION OF TEACHERS IN SARAJEVO CANTON KARMELITA PJANIC The purpose of this paper is to point out the importance of further education in professionalization of teaching and teacher. In the educational system in Bosnia Herzegovina, word teacher is particularly used for persons conducting the whole teaching process in grades 1 4 of primary school. Concerning the obtained degree level, there are three categories of teachers working in primary school classrooms in B&H: teachers with secondary school (vocational school for teachers) degree, teachers with two years university degree, teachers with four years university degree. In Sarajevo Canton, there are projects of further education of teachers who do not have four year university degree. The project Further education of teachers involves candidates with secondary school degree and more than twenty years of teaching practice. As the majority of these candidates are near retirement, specific feature of this project is making candidates capable for lifelong learning. The project started in 2006. and is finishing in 2008. Further education of teachers with two year university degree and less than twenty years of teaching practice is conducted systematically at Pedagogical Academy since 1999/2000 academic year. It is popularly called Study Extension. Candidates who successfully finish this two year program and conduct research in primary school classrooms are rewarded with four year university degree.
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TOO MUCH STRESS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING ANXIETY SBEL ARIOUL, TARIK UZUN Language anxiety is recognized as a potential factor affecting foreign language students communication and self-perception in the target language (Gardner & MacIntyre, 1993; Kitano, 2001; MacIntyre, Clment, Drnyei, & Noels, 1998). Because of an increased need for individuals competent in communication, there has been a revival of interest in investigating foreign language anxiety (Horwitz, 2000, 2001; Rodriguez & Abreu, 2003). The aim of this paper is to examine the factors affecting English as a foreign language (EFL) learners anxiety, especially with regard to oral skills. To explore these factors, the research was conducted with five EFL learners with an English proficiency level of beginner through advanced. The researchers carried out a qualitative methodology research, gathering data from interviews examining participants previous language learning experiences, anxiety provoking situations, and sources triggering their anxiety. In this presentation, the researchers give findings, suggesting that the majority of the participants experienced a great deal of communication anxiety in English and that this anxiety was strongly related to fear of negative evaluation, peer pressure, fear of making mistakes, and students prior negative language learning experiences. Pedagogical implications to alleviate the anxiety in English language classes will also be presented within this research. EMOTIONAL EDUCATION A CHALLENGE FOR TEACHERS TRAINING AURORA ADINA IGNAT The emotional education points out the teaching and learning of those abilities and values which make the base for the emotional competences development. The main challenge in this area is how to train the teachers in order to be able to address the emotional needs of the students, in order to provide a safe environment for the personal development of the children. The teachers themselves need to develop their inner strengths, their authenticity and personal congruence for a better pedagogical approach which is focused on the emotional issues of the students. Our paper intends to promote a curriculum proposal for in-service teachers` training as a way for enhancing the pedagogical abilities. We try to figure out a specific way for developing the competences regarding the identification and nurturing the social and emotional abilities of the students as a useful prerequisite for social integration
62 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries IN-SERVICE TRAINING OF PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY TEACHERS. NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN BUKOVINA REGION OTILIA CLIPA, ADINA AURORA IGNAT The society development involves the development of the teachers` competences within the European educational trends. Romanian educational reform comprises many dimensions: one of them it is in-service training as a useful tool which promotes enhanced competences for the pre-school and primary teachers. In order to address the right professional development teachers` needs we intend to figure out what are the specific continuing training needs through a diagnostic study. In this research paper we intend to do a survey regarding this kind of needs of the teachers from Bukovina region. The survey is based on a questionnaire addressed to a number of teachers and students who are already enrolled in a initial and in-service training forms. This diagnosis resulted will served as a database for designing a complex in-service training program, useful to the local educational agencies. THE OPINIONS OF TEACHERS AND PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY IN EDUCATION EDA ERDEM, ZCAN DEMREL Teachers play an important role in the quality of instruction. Teachers can be considered as a tutor because they direct their students to attain new knowledge by themselves and use their higher order thinking skills to realize meaningful learning in teaching and learning process, Teaching qualification is the main topic to train well-educated teachers. In this study it is aimed to determine the opinions of teachers and prospective teachers regarding to improve the quality in education. Qualitative research method was used to gather the data and interpret the research findings. For this reason, a focusgrouped method was used and to support focus-group an interview was done. The working group of this study was the teachers who had their professional development and prospective teachers enrolled at University of Hacettepe, elementary student teachers in an undergraduate teacher-training programme. Finally, some suggestions have been made with regard to enhance the quality in education by taking into account the teachers and prospective teachers opinions.
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THE IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN TEACHER EDUCATION GLGN SERTKAYA This presentation aims at clarifying the importance of teaching effective communication skills to the prospectve teachers.Communication is important in all the aspects of life,because that is a basic need and people have to communicate with each other naturally,emotionally and socially.One of the most significant areas in which a perfect communication has to exist is the educational arena.All teachers should be good communicators and they should know how to address their students at school,what kind of talking style they should get in teaching their courses and how to use their voiceetc.They should know that the tone,the volume,the speed of their voice are all important and effective factors for any teacher in teaching area.As well as all these phonological factors which belong to the human voice , the sociolinguistic factors will be handled in this presentation. For instance ,it will be mentioned that all teachers should use the standart form of their native language just like a speaker who presets the news broadcasts on TV.If the teacher uses the language in the best way phonologically and sociolinguistically, he/she becomes successful in teaching his/her course and it becomes an enjoyable type of course for the students.To sum up,in this presentation ,the importance of teaching the effective communication skills to the prospective teachers will be handled from the linguistic point of view,and helpful suggestions will be given. ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH OF FURTHER EDUCATION EMANUEL SOARE The present paper analyzes the issues of entrepreneurship education in the context of the contemporary educational system and proposes an innovative vision which can transform itself in the link between education and work market. It emphasizes a new approach of education for values and there is analyzed its impact on vocational education. This way, entrepreneurship education can become a new educational paradigm and the present paper is presenting a series of arguments in this direction. Following the priorities established by the Lisbon Agenda regarding the development of entrepreneurship, Romania proposes a series of measures to meet these conditions. The entrepreneurship education model presented in this paper can be a possible direction for school curriculum reform to meet the European aims.
64 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries MOTIVATION FOR DIDACTICAL CAREER CONDITION FOR DURABLE SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT IN MULTICULTURAL DIVERSITY PANISOARA ION-OVIDIU, PANISOARA GEORGETA The article analyses the motivation for didactical career, starting from theoretical aproaches (concepts as what is motivation?), passing to a concise analyse of main types of motivation (achievement motivation, power, curiosity and knowledge, approval and affiliation) and finalysing with practical conclusions obtained researching motivation factors in didactical career and modern teachers profile in interior of a globalised society, marked by accelerated changes. Thus, the research is designed to determine the similarities and diversity of the motives for choosing a profession. So, there were selected motives based on many motivational theories and the subjects had their choises about their specific constelation of determinants. There were between subjects three groups those without jobs (students who only project their motivation), people who worked for 3-15 years and people who worked only in educational public field. There are differention between teachers and another categories of people who work regarding motives for doing that career they have.
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ACADEMICS PERCEPTIONS AND EXPECTATIONS ON ATTAINING THE AIMS OF HIGHER EDUCATION CASES IN TURKEY AND AUSTRALIA NURDAN KALAYCI, KIM WATTY, FAHRYE HAYIRSEVER Each country identifies their goals of higher education at national as well as universal levels. The issue of determined goals and initiatives is controversial (Barnett 1992a, 1992b, Beard 1999, Coady 2000, Gale 2000, Harvey and Green 1993, Heath 2000, McInnes 2000, Middlehurst 1992). The aim of higher education in Turkey has been identified as raising qualified individuals through conducting a high level of education, performing scientific and technological research and using the research results to the benefit of the public, and thus to contribute to social and economic improvement. Views concerning the dominant aim of higher education vary, and the variation is reflected in implementation. The view regarding which aim of higher education is more dominant may vary depending upon the perspective the perspective of each stakeholder of higher education (namely, students, academics, administrators, government, sector). This research aims to determine the perceptions of academics an important stakeholder group in higher education regarding the purpose of higher education, and their opinions on how the form of practice must be in the future. This current research will seek answers to the following questions: Which aim of higher education do you believe is implemented in your department, and to what extent? Which aim of higher education do you think should be implemented in your department, and to what extent? The research is going to be conducted in the Spring semester of 2007 2008 academic year. The research group will be composed of the 80 academics employed in METU, Ankara, Gazi and Hacettepe Universities located in Ankara and in Bilecik University.
66 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries PRIMARY SCHOOL INSPECTORS VIEWS ABOUT TEACHERS PROBLEMS ANDSOLUTIONS ON ACTIVITIES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM AND PRACTICES TUBA YANPAR YELKEN Activity-based education has been applied to the new instructional programmes of primary schools in Turkey. The purpose of this research is to examine the inspectors views about Primary school teachers problems and solutions on activities in primary school curriculum and practices. The inspectors were taken in-service training activities in Mersin. Nearly 400 inspectors participated in this study to fill the questionnaires. In addition, 60 inspectors took part for qualitative research. Qualitative and quantitative data analyses are used in this study. As a result of this research, several problems came into the daylight, for the teachersapplications of the activities. Problems can be summarized as follows: 1. Activities take long time 2. Many of the teachers give homework as an activity. 3. Activities in teachers guide books are used as they are written without the teachers contribution and development. 4. Teachers cant create new activities for their students. 5. There is not significant relationship between outcomes and activities. 6. Evaluations of the activities arent clear enough. 7. Teachers beliefs are not strong enough for the comprehension of the importance of the activities in instructional programmes. 8. Many of the teachers prefer teacher-centered practices. 9. Teachers need material design and development education for activities. 10. Teachers need in-service training on new activities development skills and active methods-technics and so forth. Some solutions have been developed by the inspectors for these problems.
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PRESERVICE TEACHERS AS DEVELOPMENTAL READERS: LIFE HISTORIES HAKAN DEDEOLU Reading Identities: Preservice Teachers Developments as Readers This research investigates authobiographical life histories of pre-service teachers in an undergraduate childrens literature class regarding their experiences with reading. The research was guided by the theoretical and pedagogical understanding in critical theory (Kincheloe & McLaren, 1994). In addition, critical, social and political theories such as critical pedagogy ( Freire, 1970; Giroux, 1997; McLaren, 1989; Wink, 2005), reader response theory (Rosenblatt, 1938/1978), critical literacy (Luke & Freebody, 1996; McLaughlin & DeVoogd, 2004) and works of scholars in the field of education were examined. Students written authobiographical papers describing their development as readers were analzed by using a framework namely political analysis (Hatch (2002)) in this qualitative study. The following themes emerged from the students papers; early reading experiences inside and outside of school environments; favorite books; why we are reader or non-reader; who read to us as an infant, toddler, preschooler, and elementary school student; teachers throughout our schooling who fostered a love of reading and those who did not; and the strategies that helped us become an avid reader or discouraged avid reading.
68 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries EVALUATION OF PROFICIENCY STANDARD LEVELS OF TEACHERS OF PAINTING COURSES FOR ADULTS FROM PEOPLES EDUCATION CENTERS HATCE NLFER SZEN While maintained oriented towards the people which are outside of the common education in a "people's education" framework, adult education is an education that also helps to personality development of the individual sociopsychologically. According to this definition, adult education should meet the educational needs of people, give the knowledge and skills that are their necessity, and improve their experiences. Vast majority of the participants of peoples education is constituted by adults. Adult men and women participate in painting education courses within the context of socio-cultural courses in order to learn and apply different experiences and skills in their lives, and to gain appreciation by improving their abilities in the environment in which they take place. In the painting courses offered; it should be expected that the adults comprehend the art disciplines, art history, art criticism and aesthetics and that the teachers are of a vocational proficiency standard level to have knowledge in that specific field, to be able to implement methods and techniques suitable for teaching and learning strategies, and directing and evaluating the adults according to general ability and interest level of them. Application of expected and desired arts education standards in painting courses for adults from peoples education center plays a great role in individuals expressing themselves in their lives, developing aesthetic appreciations, becoming aware of their abilities. Therefore, the biggest duty in acceptance and application of arts education standards is of teachers. With this objective, a questionnaire was applied to determine the view and expectations of adults that have attended to the painting courses, organized in the Peoples Education Center, as trainees, about the painting education applications of course teachers, the results of the questionnaire were evaluated, interpreted, and solution suggestions about the identified problems were presented.
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DEVELOPING THE TRANSFERABLE COMPETENCES THROUGH UNIVERSITY STUDY PROGRAMS CRISAN ALINA
The postmodern society as a knowledge based society is confronting nowadays with a less precedent challenge: the exponential growth and dynamic of the information. The universities, as the main providers of knowledge and competence have to adapt constantly their educational offer in order to develop individuals able to adapt, integrate and up-grade themselves in a permanent changing environment. This paper aims to present how transferable competences, as the main professional adapting instruments could be developed through a specific university course.
TEACHERS COMPETECIES FOR THE MODERN SCHOOL ASSESSMENT ELIZABETA TOMEVSKA-ILIEVSKA

The changes that have taken place within the school assessing system are becoming part of the educational practice in our country too. Thus the expectations for this issue to be more and more highlighted and studied from all aspects in near future are being justified. The changes through the primary school projects such as Active teachinginteractive studying, Step by step, were the first steps in the development and the practical implementation of the concept for analytical descriptive assessment of pupils from I, II and III grade in the school year 1997/1998. In 2007 a research was conducted which was focused on studying the descriptive assessment in teaching mother tongue within the educational system from first to fourth grade. This subject has also been studied from the viewpoint of studying the educational needs, the views and the opinions of the teachers referring to the model of descriptive assessment in the mother tongue teaching. The results provided from the research lead to the following conclusions (part of them): In the process of improving and rising the quality of assessment in primary school education, both the governmental and non-governmental sectors are currently involved. Teachers are already involved in the professional training system for the new concept of descriptive assessment. They realize the need of organizing seminars, training courses, workshops and other forms of professional training, through which they involve themselves in the process of modernization of the school assessment. The teachers need prepared catalogues on the standards, criteria and tools for all areas of school subjects in order to achieve steady, prosperous and high-quality following, evaluation, assessment and register of the work and development of the student. However, the teachers are not qualified enough by graduate studies for this purpose and they also lack materials of this type for the professional training. In the descriptive assessment the teachers are expected to plan individually and continually and to follow, stimulate, evaluate and assess the pupils development. That is why the teachers consider this model to be more difficult, complex and it needs more time and energy. It also motivates them to work in a team.
70 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries CRITICAL READING IN LANGUAGE TEACHING ABDULHAMT AKIR The aim of this presentation is to examine the importance of Critical Discourse Analysis in language teaching. In my paper, I am going to explain how a text ( a written document) can be analysed critically.Critical Discourse Analysis ( CDA) is a highly context-sensitive, democratic approach which takes an ethical stance on social issues with the aim of improving society. It is reading in a way. The readers are expected to read between the lines properly; otherwise they may miss intention of the writer and the writing, and be misled by explicit form of the language. The criteria for critical Discourse analysis is going to be explained and a sample text is going to be analysed according to these criteria. Cultural aspects of the language are crucial and indispensible for a language learner. This aspect of the language will be explained through critical analysis of a specific discourse. PRACTICAL PRECEPTS TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE STUDENT IN SPEAKING HASAN AKIR Teaching speaking is teaching a skill to a desired and satisfactory extent. As a result of effective lesson and practice, students should acquire the ability to express what they want as well as that their communicative performance should be at such a certain level that the listener should understand their message without difficulty. In order to get such a favorable result, speaking lessons should be conducive to the ability of the students and provide for the students both the necessary knowledge and practice to speak fluently. It is imperative that students be prepared and taught with the instruction appropriate to the nature of speaking courses. For this purpose, special knowledge specific to the speech skill should be systematically selected and practiced in a class of students necessarily not more than fifteen. In addition, the individual knowledge of the students should be canalized and appropriately transferred to their speech competence.
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EUROPEAN UNION FROM THE POINT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE AND TRANSLATION-INTERPRETATION STUDENTS IN TERMS OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS GKEN ARAS, BENG AKSU ATA European Union and Turkeys relationship with the Union is a common concern for almost everybody in Turkey. Similarly, university students, especially the ones who are in thier 3rd and/or 4th years, are strongly interested in that isuue. This study aims at identifying the views of 4th year English Language and Literature and Translation-Interpretation students of Atlm University on European Union from their professional points of view. In this qualitative study, first, a questionaire will be applied to the 4th year students in each department. The results of the questionaire will be discussed both comparatively and seperately. In conclusion, the reflections of the students will be shared with the audience. A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING AT THE FACULTIES OF EDUCATION IN BULGARIA AND TURKEY ZUHAL GVEN, YANA RANGELOVA Due to the increasing demand to learn English from the people of all ages throughout the world, English Language Teaching is getting increasingly important. With that increasing demand, educationalists, along with other social studies specialists, meet some challenges and they sense the need for constant renovation in the field. However, it is difficult to determine the standard of ELT at the faculties of education in different countries since the curriculums, models, ways, approaches and courses may vary. For this reason, this study aims to compare the models of ELT students' training in Bulgaria and Turkey in both theoretical and practical terms. In the study, a comparison of the curriculums are presented along with the differences and similarities between the models used in both countries. With an aim to summarize that vast topic in a short time, the researchers prefer to present the verbal picture of the conditions along with some common problems rather than the detailed handicaps and difficulties.
72 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries A NEW CONCEPT IN TEACHER TRAINING: SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL EDUCATION DERYA ERGR In todays world, whether we are a businessman, a housewife or a teacher our social skills, the skills that we use to interact with others, make a difference. People respond better to those who are optimistic, empathetic, trustworthy and inspirational. On the other hand, moody, highly explosive, uncaring or pessimistic people often avoided or get scared. Therefore, how we express our emotions and respond to others emotions matter. In the classroom, the socialemotional competencies of teachers have great impact on the teaching and learning process. The good news is that the advances in our knowledge about how the brain learns and the role that emotions play in that process have made it possible for us to realize the importance of including emotional and social competencies in teacher education programs. And the bad news is that few of our teachers and school leaders have the social and emotional skill knowledge to do this right. The best teacher preparation programs emphasize subjectmatter mastery and provide some practicum for their student teachers but unfortunately they miss social and emotional component of this process. Socialemotional learning is the process through which we laearn to recognize and manage emotions, care about others, make good decisions, behave ethically and responsibly, develop positive relationships, and avoid negative behaviors. In this presentation, the data gathered by document analysis about SEL skills and competencies will be introduced and how using these competencies can make the first years of Turkish teachers less stressful and more successful will be discussed in detail.
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EFFECTIVENESS OF AN IN-SERVICE EDUCATION PROGRAM ON ELEMENTARY LEVEL ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS HACER HANDE UYSAL Although in-service interventions have been believed to be valuable and necessary for teachers professional development, educators have highlighted problems regarding in-service teacher development programs in Turkey and concluded that these programs are designed without considering teacher needs; thus, they are not efficient. In addition, although the need for life-aftercourse or tracer evaluation studies has been recognized in theory, studies investigating the impact of teacher development programs on language teachers after the intervention are rare. Given the challenges particularly with regard to in-service language teacher education programs in Turkey and lack of tracer studies in the field, the present study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of a one-week in-service education program by the Ministry of Education in terms of the teachers beliefs, attitudes and classroom behaviors. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed. First, the teacher trainers are interviewed. Then, to achieve data triangulation and enhance the validity of the results, two questionnaires are given to all 50 teachers who participated in the in-service education program and also to the students of the participant teachers. The descriptive statistics for the results of the questionnaires will be provided, and the implications for language teacher educators and further in-service teacher training attempts will be discussed.
74 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IMPLEMENTATIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN TURKEY FLZ EVRAN ACAR, ABDURRAHMAN KILI, ASLIHAN KUYUMCU One of the significant components of human resource management process is performance evaluation. Since performance evaluation process provides feedback from various variables such as the employment, training, productivity of the staff, the position in their careers etc., it enables the determination of the requirements of both staff and institution and as a result it contributes to the personal and professional development needs of both stakeholders. Besides, the institution makes progress within the objectives. Higher education is an institution which triggers the enlighment and development of societies. With this conception, in accordance with Bologna Process, European Qualifications Commission has been founded to conduct the studies of European Qualifications Framework. EQF aims to establish a system which is strong in institutional, national and international aspects, dynamic, compatible, transparent and competitive. Promoting quality assurance and cooperating in Europe is one of the action areas of this report so, in order to find out the inoperative points, obstacles and take the necessary precautions, performance monitoring and evaluation system is needed. The aim of this study is to determine the studies and the criteria toward the performance evaluation of the lecturers working in higher education institutions in Turkey. The study is descriptive as it aims to portray the existing situation. The data will be collected through questionnaries about the performance evaluation and monitoring studies of lecturers in all universities in Turkey. The data will be analysed by SPSS package program and the results will be presented as tables and the necessary comments will be included.
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A RESEARCH ABOUT INTERNET USAGE HABIT OF BACHELORS DEGREE STUDENTS SLEYMAN ALPASLAN SULAK With its population exceeding 70 millions and its high growth rate, Turkey has become an important country in the world. Though not as wealthy as a European country, and with a quite inadequate distributed income, the main information source is the mass media in our country. In media tools Internet is the most usable. In this study, 322 students, who have registered to 3 faculties of Selcuk University, have studied to determine the internet usage habit. 322 students determined with layer illustrate method and polls filled with face to face, in % 95 confidence level. The results were evaluated with SPSS program. As a result of calculating, men usually use desktop, and prefer internet shopping but women use laptop to sexuality variable. It is understood that Technical Education Faculty students spent more time on computer and Education Faculty has computer an important ratio, as a faculty variable. Technical Education Faculty students use internet to make their lessons and homework more than other faculties. HARNESS THE POTENTIAL OF FACULTY MEETINGS AS A COLLABORATIVE AND LIFE LONG LEARNING OPPORTUNITY AYE TOKA Life-long learning and gaining skills for collaborative tasks in the workplace are becoming a necessity rather than an ideal. Lifelong learning sees learners provided with learning opportunities at all ages and in all possible contexts along with standard educational systems. One place that can be turned into a rich learning opportunity at universities is faculty meetings. Almost any faculty member or director of the studies would agree that faculty meetings are one of the most dreaded and ineffective parts of the work life at a school. Staff meetings are generally used as a one-hour memo. In university staffs lives where time is a precious and limited commodity, using staff meetings more effectively can be a way to find time for individual and collective professional development. This study presents some practical strategies to turn faculty meetings into a professional development and learning experience for the faculty staff. The study also presents the theoretical background behind the suggested strategies with a special reference to the collaborative professional development literature which seeks ways to foster learning as a group rather than as an individual.
76 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING IMPLEMENTATION OF LEARNER CENTERED INSTRUCTION APPROACH (CASE OF TURKISH MEDIUM CLASSES IN KOSOVO) SEMH AHNEL As teachers, we do not make learners, nor can we know exactly what our students will learn and understand from our teaching. We cannot force anyone to learn. Instead, our responsibility should be to lead our students to learning, and ultimately to a greater understanding and exploration of self and the world. Learner Centered Instruction (LCI) approach provides this opportunity by making the student the focus of attention. In the framework of lifelong education the learner-centered instruction workshop activities provide teachers with opportunities to learn about, to experience and practice a variety of teaching methods and theories about teaching and learning. Problems encountered by Kosovar instructors implementing LCI based activities are continuously changing and increasing day by day. Clarifying and defining these problems is the foremost prerequisite to solve these problems. This paper discusses the extent and types of problems from the perspective of instructors involved in the process of learning-teaching. CURRICULUM VARIETY IN TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETATION DEPARTMENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATOR EDUCATION IN TURKEY ZLEM AHN DEMRBLEK This paper aims to present an analysis of Translation and Interpretation Departments curriculum in Turkey. Since Translation and Interpretation is a young area in academic arena and it is closely related to the developments in the world, its curriculum is dynamic and subject to changes. The study will focus on the influence of Translation Studies on Translator Education through an analysis of Boazii, Hacettepe, stanbul and Atlm Universitys Translation and Interpretation Departments curriculum. The development of the curriculum of these departments will be traced back and recent situation will be discussed. In conclusion, the general approaches to Translator Education and the impacts of Translation studies to the field will be analyzed in this study.
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A TURKISH EDUCATION CLASSIC: VILLAGE INSTITUTES AYE MENT TA

Village Institutes are education institutions that train teacher and which have left their mark upon a period in the history of Turkish Education and they are still chewed over.. Today, the aim of education system is to educate the individuals who solve problem, think critically, learn to learn, structure the knowledge not memorize it; have sanctified both local and universal values. In order to train individuals with these qualifications, teacher also should have this equipment, should think critically, solve problems, learn to learn, and configure the information. At this point, we can see that Village Institutes follow a method that is student-centered, theoretical and applied, contemporary, multidirectional, in operation, give importance to learning while working and living and not memorizer when we look at the teacher training policy of Village Institutes. At this point, the philosophy of Village Institutes, their program structure will be analyzed.
MONITORING THE COMPETENCE AND PERFORMANCE OF TURKISH TEACHERS MELEK GL AHNEL

Within the framework of new teaching programs developed by the Ministry of Education, it has now been a necessity for teachers to use the methods, techniques and materials designed not only in accordance with the needs and interests of students but also by making use of the new approaches in the process of teaching and learning. It is also required to diversify those methods, techniques and materials when the need arises. Within this scope a study was implemented to adapt Turkish teachers to the changes and improve themselves both professionally and individually by the Ministry. With the study on ameliorating the Turkish teachers professional and individual development, it is further aimed to determine the policies of teacher development for novice Turkish teachers, to designate their competences and performances during pre-service training, to evaluate the occupational success and performances of experienced Turkish teachers, to help them get to now themselves better and to monitor their professional development. Through leveling the competence and performance of teachers which is designed to monitor their professional and individual developments, what is aimed is not to classify them but it is planned to help them to adopt the principles of continuity and life-long learning in their professional development. This study taking the performance indicators of professional development during self-evaluation into account will also help them to see what their current status is. In this study, information about the introduction of the competences and performances that are prepared to designate the professional and individual development of Turkish teachers and suggestions on the application of this information will also be presented.
78 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries EMERGING TRENDS IN TEACHER EDUCATION FOR THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY TARKAN GRBZ The field of education faces the challenges of the knowledge-based transformation in order to ensure quality and equity for all learners to get a competitive advantage in the global world. The challenges in front of us will force the development for new educational settings and infrastructure removing the boundaries created by time and space in order to develop creative human resources through lifelong open and flexible learning. A paradigm shift of the educational system leads to the development and restructuring of new trends in teacher education. Attempts will not succeed unless there is a corresponding commitment from the teachers. For effective technology integration and educational reform movement, teachers must have necessary skills, knowledge, competencies, understanding and motivation for applying adaptation to the new environment. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the existing and emerging trends in teacher education through a literature review of published studies. This study will provide a closer look to those profound changes in teaching and learning and discuss the emerging trends in teacher education through the experiences obtained from the Teaching Practice and School Experience courses given by different departments in the Faculty of Education at Middle East Technical University. THE INVESTIGATION OF THE AFTER SCHOOL SITUATION OF THE HANDICAPPED STUDENTS WHO HAS COMPLETED THEIR EDUCATION IN THE TRAINING CENTRE SLEYMAN ARSLANTA, AHMET KURNAZ, FATH KOAK, NLFER MERAL ALIKCI In this study it is aimed to determine the after school situation of the students who have completed their education in the training centres and to investigate the effects of this education in their lives. This investigation has been done with a qualitative approach. The research was done on 27 students who completed their education in the training centre between the years 2003 and 2007. The data was collected after the interviews with the parents of the students. The collected data was evaluated by content analysis method. As a result of the research, information about the daily lives and the after school education activities of the students was gained.
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A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMMES SELDA SZEN

Although, education has been a value that has been emphasized by all the countries in the world considereably, every country has expected to different thinks. Thats why, teacher education programmes have been various according to the countries. The teachers who are one of the building stone of education, determine not only their societys future, but also the whole worlds future. Instructiveness is not only a national mission but also a universal mission. Therefore, teacher education is a universal problem. Every country in the world has got a general objective about training quality teacher but each has got different standarts. The purpose of this study is to compare the different countries teacher education programmes. Thus, we have got an opportunity to discuss the excellent and lack side of reconstructed Turkish teacher education programmes by comparing different countries programmes. In this study, teacher education programme of Turkey, USA, Japanese and Germany were compared and related statistical datum were used. It was called attention to that teacher education is an universal problem and emphasized the excellent and lack side of reconstructed Turkish teacher education programme in conclusion and discussion section.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE COMPUTER ANXIETY LEVEL OF COMPUTER LEARNERS ACCORDING TO SEVERAL VARIABLES EMSEDDN GNDZ, ZUHAL GVEN, SELAHATTN ALAN
The aim of this study is to determine the computer anxiety level of the participants at KOMEK, Vocational Courses of Konya Municipality, and reveal the relationship between the participants computer anxiety level and some variables like educational level, age, profession, marital status and the aims of the participants. The sampling group involves 105 participants attending a computer course conducted by KOMEK in 2007. The Scale of Computer Anxiety Level, developed by Ceyhan and Namlu (2000), was used in the research as an assessment tool. The inner consistency of the scale, which is composed of 3 factors and 28 items, was found to be .94. In the analysis of the data obtained from the research, SPSS 13.0 packet program was used and the findings were interpreted by using independent one-sample t-test and one way analysis of variance. As a result of the study, it was found that the computer anxiety level of the participants over 35 years old was significantly higher than that of the participants under 24 years old. Another finding of the study is that the participants working at public sector had higher computer anxiety levels than the ones employed at private sector. The findings were interpreted in comparison with the related literature.
80 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries BECOMING A LIFELONG LEARNER IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY: AN OVERVIEW MELEK DEMREL, ZCAN DEMREL Consistently growing and changing information plays an important role in the development of societies. This role of information created two concepts; information age and information society. Information society is defined as a society which can create and share knowledge, reach and easily expend available knowledge and use knowledge effectively. Taking into account that globalization and information age concepts are dynamic concepts and they still go on developing, we should reconsider concepts such as; education, educated person, learning, school and student. Nowadays rapidly growing information caused everybody to feel in need of new knowledge and skills irrespective of their education level or job. The need of keeping up with the rapid change increased the need and speed of learning. Not restricting the learning into classroom is possible with lifelong learning. The basic principle of lifelong learning is keeping on learning consciously and intentionally throughout life. An effective lifelong learner is aware of his/her learning needs and the connection between learning and real life. He/she has a tendency towards lifelong learning, is highly motivated and sets his/her own goals, applies what is learnt, uses knowledge and evaluates his/her own learning. Problem solution, decision making, creativity, critical thinking, flexibility, curiosity, empathy, tolerance, time management, self-directed learning and academic awareness are all considered to be the basic skills of lifelong learning. This study aims to present a theoretical perspective to the lifelong learning skills that should be possessed by effective lifelong learners living in contemporary information age. In the end, possessing effective learning skills is the prerequisite of effective lifelong learning.
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THE ECONOMIC FUNCTIONALITY OF THE LITERACY COURSES IN ADULT EDUCATION SONGL ALTINIIK, GLEN DANACI One of the long term aims of the education has to be orienting the individual to a job which causes him to earn his life. For this reason, education has been regarded as an element of investment by many scientists since 1940s. In terms of educating qualified human resources, education has an economic function like increasing the stage of the development. This study is a descriptive study that has been carried out for the purpose of determining to what extent the literacy courses opened different regions of Turkey are functional. With the purpose of collecting data, it is planned to benefit from written texts, statistics about the literacy courses and campaigns after 1990 and the statistics of State Plannning Agency related to the socio-economic development rankings belonged to the years 1996 and 2003. Besides, data gathered from the adults attending this type of course will be assessed. After the data analysis, it will be tried to find out whether there is a significant increase in socio-economic rankings of the places where the mentioned courses are opened; in this context it will also be tried to determine whether the literacy courses comply with its economic function or not. FURTHER EDUCATION IN SERBIA SEFIKA ALIBABIC, JOVAN MILJKOVIC The purpose of this paper is to represent statement and perspectives of the further education in Serbia conceptual question, organizational structure and program orientation. The report is based on the data of official educational politics, on data taken from NGOs and on results of scientific exploration of the further educational problems.
82 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE EFFICACY PERCEPTION ON TEACHERS PRACTICING TEACHING STRATEGIES WORKING IN PRIMARY EDUCATION SCHOOLS GNGR KESKNKILI, DERYA INAR The aim of this research is to determine efficacy perception of teachers that have different branches working in primary education schools. This research is related to efficacy on teachers practicing teaching strategies. Perceived self efficacy is defined as people's beliefs about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that. Self-efficacy beliefs determine how people feel, think, motivate themselves and behave (Bandura, 1997). Data is collected by conversation technic which is a qualitative method. Research has been implemented on pimary education schools in Konya. This qualitative study is based on the open-ended standardized questions about the efficacy on the use of teaching strategies that are asked to different teachers in the spring semester of the 2007-2008. The results of this study indicate teachers problems and difficulties on the use of strategy in lessons and their strategy selection in generally. Besides, the data analysis of the research still continues. COMPARISONS OF THE THESIS AND DISSERTATION PROCEDURES IN THE MUSIC EDUCATION POST GRADUATE PROGRAMS OF TURKEY, CANADA, NORWAY, USA AND AUSTRALIA ITIR ESKOLU AAN The main purposes of graduate programs are to educate scientists, instructors and researchers. Required skills are improved through independent research dimension of programs. It is possible to set forth the idea that the most significant stages of the graduate programs are the thesis studies and the thesis administrator which equip researchers to this stage. Given the universal nature of science, it is very important, in order the musical education specialists-researchers and the studies to reach to a standard of quality among themselves, that the research studies are developed in a similar or very close manner to those applied in the developed educational programs in the world. The new data set of this study, consisting of findings, conclusions, discussions and recommendations, is expected to contribute to the development of such important researches in the programs in Turkey. Besides, other countries in the scope of the study -or not in- can also benefit from this research with the same purpose.
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ADULT EDUCATION IN TURKEY: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE MELEK DEMREL, ZGE CAN, ZLENEN ZDYAR
Nowadays the continuation of education for the whole life span has become compulsory both for the societies and individuals. Both formal education and adult education are major components of life-long education. Although formal education takes place in the limited part of life-long learning, adult education covers the whole life span of an individual. Adult education varies from country to country. There are a lot of reasons for adults to return to education. Adults seek to develop new skills and make it possible for themselves to find new job opportunities, utilize their spare time and by doing so develop themselves socially and culturally. Today, in every country there are some formal (schools, colleges, universities) and informal (national education centers, charities, social clubs, libraries, museums, parentteacher associations, etc.) institutions that are actively functioning for the purpose of adult education. In the future it is foreseen that adult education will be freed from the traditional classroom concept and will be done in the surroundings where time and space limitations are eliminated with the help of high technologies of information age. In this study, adult learning and the scope of the adult education has been on the focus, adult education in Turkey has been analyzed from a conceptual perspective and some examples from current applications (such as Grundvig) has been given.
MATHEMATICS TEACHING EFFICACY OF PRE-SERVICE AND INSERVICE ELEMENTARY TEACHERS IN TURKEY AND FINLAND NHAN AHNKAYA, JORMA JOUTSENLAHTI, NEE TERTEMZ
In this study, teaching mathematics efficacy of pre-service and in-service elementary teachers in Turkey and Finland were determined. For this purpose, 60 students from Department of Class Teacher from one of the state Universities, in Turkey and Finland, were selected. Similarly, 60 teachers from Ankara, Turkey, and Hameenlinna, Finland, were selected. Data were collected via Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument. This includes two dimensions. These are self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. Expletory analysis and reliability analysis were done. Based on the collected data, the relationships of teaching mathematics self-efficacy beliefs of in-service and preservice elementary teachers with experience and gender were clarified. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. The grades of Finnish and Turkish teachers in efficacy of teaching Mathematics did not have any relationship with the gender. The grades of Finnish and Turkish pre-service teachers in efficacy of teaching mathematics did not have any relationship with the gender. Unlike to Finland, the grades of pre-service teachers in teaching mathematics outcome expectancy are higher than those of class teachers. Some important findings were also discussed.
84 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries DESIGNING DIGITAL (ELECTRONIC) PORTFOLIOS FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES AND ITS APPLICATION IN TEACHING PRACTICE CLASS ZEYNEP KAZAN, HAFZE KESER
This study aims to introduce a fairly new teaching and assessment method used in Turkey, namely the Digital Portfolio (DP) applications for educational purposes, in teaching environments, as well as setting an appropriate model of a DP for the senior students of Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies who are about to start their teaching professions, particularly for their Teaching Practice class. The study group, randomly selected 40 seniors, was asked to work on a model, achieving the aims of the lesson. Students developed their portfolios on the Course Management Information System website using the Internet and were guided by their instructors. The student products, monitored by the instructors during the application process were evaluated using the DP Evaluation Criteria. Finally, in order to find out students and instructors opinions on the implementation and utility of the DP application; SWOT analysis a survey was carried out and interviews with instructors were made for feedback purposes. The reflections of both the students and the instructors on the DP illustrated that the effects of the process and the application on the students are influential in enhancing the learners learning and it is a considerable innovation in education.
THE EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL LEARNING AND COOPERATIVE LEARNING ON CREATIVE THINKING SELDA SZEN
When we observe the dominant countries at the present time, their educational systems which distinct these countries from others attract the attention. These countries educational systems support the students creativity. Educationalists have been suggesting different approaches to support and develop creativity. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of individual learning and cooperative learning on creative thinking. In this experimental study, two approaches were used to compare their effects on creativity. This approaches were individual learning and cooperative learning. This study was made in a chemistry laboratory during five weeks with 40 teacher candidates. Throughout five weeks, students in the experimental group made experiments with their groups and students in the control group made experiments individually. Students which studied cooperatively prepared posters for every experiment and others who studied individually prepared different materials for every experiment independently. Torrance Test Of Creative Thinking Figural Form A was used in this study. This test involves three different activities which are Picture Construction, Picture Completion and Lines. The results of this study have been defined in conclusion and discussion section.
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PARENT SCHOOL WITHIN LIFELONG EDUCATION: A CASE OF TURKEY ESRA MEN GAZOGLU Parent schools date back as early as the nineteenth century and still existing under the names of parent education, parent conferences, parent education programs etc. An assumption underlying such programs is that more skilled, knowledgeable, and supported parents will be better able to foster their children's development. In 1989, the first systemic parent school was arranged by Istanbul University Faculty of Literacy, Educational Sciences Department in Turkey. In the current study, the development and the prevalence of parent schools in Turkey since 1989 is reviewed. The common practices are critically investigated and implications are provided. The emphasis on strength-based applications on parent school education, the utilization of adult education principles, the authors experiences gained through preparation and presentation of parent school education programs are discussed. Some suggestions for practitioners are supplied. PROFICIENCY PERCEPTIONS OF THE LAST GRADE STUDENTS OF SU MEF RELATED WITH TEACHING BEHAVIORS NURCAN KOAK, LK YILDIZ The aim of this study is to appreciate display the proficiency perceptions of the last grade students of SU MEF Department of Children Development and Education Teaching related with teaching behaviors according to various factors. These factors are age, graduating success, school that the student graduated from and schools, in which the student practiced teaching. The Scale of Graduating Professional Formation as 1 to 5 is practiced to the last grade students of S MEF Department of Children Development and Education Teaching to measure their teaching behaviors in their area in the teaching period of 2007-2008. The data were canalized by SPSS statistical software. The difference in their proficiency perceptions related to teaching behaviors among their departments, ages, genders and graduating successes of the last grade teacher candidates are measured by variance analyze. The results will be discussed in the congress.
86 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries ADDRESSING CHALLENGES ON CREATIVE LIFELONG LEARNING FOR VULNERABLE GROUPS FLORINA SIMONA IONESCU The rapid changes taking place throughout the world today call for knowledge to be continuously updated. In short, one has to keep on learning to be able to adapt to the changing forces at work in modern societies today, whether one is in the rich nations or in the least developed countries of the world. Education is changing fast, too. More and more opportunities for out-ofschool learning are opening in all fields. Education geared to meet the demands of a swiftly evolving world can no longer be defined in relation to a particular time of life, such as the traditional distinction between adult education and the education of the young; or defined according to its specificity. It is now becoming increasingly clear that the time to learn is the whole lifetime and that each field of knowledge, each form of learning, spreads into and enriches the other. In the new millennium, education is so varied in its tasks and forms that it covers all the activities that enable people from childhood to old age to meet their basic learning needs: for survival, for improving the quality of their lives, for making informed decisions, etc. It is this educational continuum, coextensive with life and widened to take in the whole society that is now being promoted. This is education for all throughout life or lifelong learning. SECONDARY VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS AND FURTHER EDUCATION IN SERBIA ALEKSANDRA PEJATOVIC
Since 2003, within the program of Secondary Vocational Education Reform, there has been an intensive effort to open secondary vocational schools for adult education, and especially for vocational training of adults. The work in this field included: establishing centers for continuing education in five secondary vocational schools which were closely connected with the labor market; creating network of centers and other secondary vocational schools in order to cover broader range of various fields of work and creating preconditions for greater opening of these schools for further education. This paper analyzes the overall activity of introducing further vocational training through three different segments. The first part deals with barriers that must be overcome in order to enable schools to start their new activity. The second part is dedicated to all types of preparatory activities that these schools have had introduced to a greater extent in the field of further education. The third part includes data about training courses and about their participants. The biggest emphasis is put on the effects the further education had on life of adult participants.
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A STUDY CONCERNING VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMS IN TURKEY ESED YACI, NEVRYE YAZAYIR
This research was done to contribute to the development of education programs of vocational-technical teachers (VET- TT) in Turkey. The study is comprised of: 1) investigation and evaluation of the system, structure and education programs of VET-TT, 2) expert views and evaluations on how qualified VET- TT programs should be in Turkey. The study is a descriptive and qualitative research. The data have been obtained with qualitative document research and qualitative interview method. The data have undergone both content and descriptive analysis. According to results of the study, Turkey primarily should develop vocational qualifications and systems for evaluations. The other findings of this research show that, it is necessary to use a program approach that has a broader base, that is modular and practice oriented, and that is well structured to enable vertical and lateral transfers; there should be active cooperation and coordination with other educational and social institutions during the developmental stages of programs; and it is a must to use student-centred approaches in the programs. Another significant finding of this study reveals the need to give teacher training as a 1,5 to 2-year post-graduate study after the initial undergraduate study which encompasses special areas and supporting general areas.
HIGHER EDUCATION: WHO PAYS, WHO BENEFITS AND WHO SHOULD PAY? C. ERGN EKNC
Although tuition fee is in practice in Turkish higher education, higher education is mainly financed publicly. But in recent years, the debates on increasing the share of student contribution to higher education finance or paying full cost by establishing a suitable loan system have been on the agenda of public or private stakeholders. Within this context, it is important to identify how the students handle this issue as one of the stakeholders of higher education. The purpose of this study is to identify who benefits from the higher education on the basis of socio-economic status of the students, how the cost of higher education should be covered and how the present tuition fees in practice are assessed by the students. The data of the study were collected through the administration of a questionnaire developed by the researcher to 3420 undergraduate students of Hacettepe University. The findings of the study revealed that (a) the children of the more educated parents with high income benefit more from higher education, (b) more than half of the students favor the public funding of higher education, (c) more than half of the students find present tuition fees high and more than half of the students encounter difficulties to pay the present tuition fees to a certain extend.
88 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries CITIZENSHIP IDENTITY AND YOUNG PEOPLE: IMPLICATIONS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN TURKEY LKAY DEMR
Acquisition of citizenship identity can be described as a process of acquiring a set of rights and responsibilities within the current notions of citizenship, which emphasize active participation in political, civic, and community associations or social movements. This paper attempts to describe the development of citizenship identity through adolescence, which may be of importance since adolescence is a period of political socialization (Fraser & Emler, 1997) and a period of entry into the adult civil society. Given this point, discussions about citizenship identity is getting increasingly salient in compulsory and secondary education, although it has not yet become a crucial topic of interest in higher education as well. Consequently, drawing from Deweys (1916, 1954) argument that higher education should supply opportunities to involve in the problems of society, to acquire the knowledge, skills, and ethical responsibility necessary for participation in democratically organised publics, the present study also aims to adress the role of higher education in promoting the citizenship identity of young people in Turkey.
THE PROBLEMS IN PRACTICE EXPERIENCED BY TEACHERS GRADUATING FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS: CASE OF DZCE ENAY SEZGN NARTGN, SERPL KEFEL
Nowadays in Turkey, in order to meet the needs of the classroom teaching field, graduates from different faculties and departments have been given teacher training and appointed as classroom teachers. Up to now, researchers have concentrated on the problems caused by this system. However, there have been almost no studies conducted on teachers problems appointed in this manner. The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of the teachers graduating from different fields towards the problems they experience in practice. In this study, for the analysis of the qualitative data collected through semistructured interviews forms, content analysis technique was used by the researchers. The basic procedure in content analysis, as Yldrm and imek (2005) pointed out, gathering data which are similar to each other within the framework of certain concepts and categories, organizing these data in order to provide the understanding of the readers and interpret these. When the present study is concerned, having collected the qualitative data through semi structured interviews, the similar ones were gathered within the framework of certain concepts and categories, were organized and were interpreted to provide the understanding of the readers. During the study, the qualitative data were collected in the spring semester of 2006-2007 academic year questions developed by the researchers. The population of the study was 22 classroom teachers graduating from different faculties and departments currently teaching in province of Dzce. The findings of the present study will be presented in the congress.
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ALTERNATIVE WAYS OF ASSESSMENT THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN LANGUAGE PORTFOLIO LKNUR PEKKANLI EGEL The present study is composed of three sections. The first section focuses on the employment of the European Language Portfolio for assessment purposes. Here, the European Language Portfolio is investigated as a tool for encouraging learners to share in the responsibility for assessment and how learners can be trained to evaluate their own capacities in performance. The second section is a revelation of the current situation of language testing in Turkish public high schools which have not implemented the European Language Portfolio. In this section, an overall view relating to the qualities of these tests are also discussed. The final section addresses the issue of the potential benefits that can be gained in foreign language testing through the implementation of the European Language Portfolio in Turkish public high schools. INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION A CHALLENGE OF CONTEMPORARY WORLD PESCARU ADINA FLORENTINA
States, communities, institutions and individuals must choose. Should the states try to impose a homogenous national identity or should they celebrate the diversity, helping to the societies evolution? Should the communities keep the tradition, even they limit the right to choose and the different kind of liberties or should they use their common knowledge and resources in the benefit of the exchange? Should the international institutions insist on the laws which take into account the legal and specific cultural traditions or should they recognize, respect, promote the products and the resources of other cultures, strengthening the legitimity of institutions? Should the individuals limit to singular identities or should they admit that they are part of an interdependent humanity? The democracy and the equitable development are essential in the cultural inclusion. But they are not sufficient. Some multicultural politics of inclusion are needed: admitting the differences, supporting the diversity and surpassing the power asymmetries. The individuals must renounce to the rigid identities, if they want to be part of a diverse society. The international institutions must respect the other cultural traditions and create conditions for the development of local cultural resources. Just in such circumstances the multiple identities will evolve beyond the national borders. In this way the identity and the freedom will flourish in a cultural diverse world.
90 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries QUANTUM LEARNING: A NEW ERA IN PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING SEDAT ONAY, LHAN KOSALAY Quantum computing and quantum learning are a fundamentally new mode of information and learning processing. Firstly, Paul Benioff of the Argone National Laboratory applied quantum theory to computers in 1981. Then David Deutsch from Oxford University proposed quantum parallel computers in 1985. The subject of quantum learning brings together ideas from classical information theory, computer science, learning of the brain fundamentals and quantum physics. Quantum computation is based on the idea that it might be possible to build a computer that acts at the logical level according to quantum mechanical principles. This paper discusses some of the current advances, applications, and challenges of quantum learning and its effect to our future. The use of quantum learning in educational area is going to affect learning time, learning quality and learning capacity in positive way. NEW TRENDS IN IN-SERVICE TEACHER TRAINING IN SERBIA VERA SPASENOVIC, NATASA VUJISIC-ZIVKOVIC The main objective of this paper is an in-dept analysis of the first experiences with the recently introduced mandatory in-service teacher training in Serbia. This segment of teachers professional development has formally existed over many years, but without sufficient resources, it was never fully implemented. Only in 2004, the Government officially proclaimed responsibility of each teacher, at any level of education, to attend at least 100 hours of educational programs within each five year period. Several hundred such programs are approved and accredited each year by the Ministry of Education and offered in a booklet. The existing experience indicate dominance of programs focused on individual academic areas, i.e. teaching subjects, such as mathematics, mothers tongue, biology, etc., and shortage of integrative programs. Educationally oriented programs are mostly related to communicational skills, use of modern technology is a frequent topic, and teachers professional role is perceived as a lecturer, partner, and creator of the teaching environment. This analysis includes quantitative account on the institutions that organize the programs, trainers credentials, and details on participants attending the programs.
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SELF ESTEEM AND DECISION MAKING: AN INVESTIGATION ABOUT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS M. ENGN DENZ, ZELHA TRA, ZLEM LASLAN The purpose of this research is to investigate the correlation between decision self esteem, decision making style and self esteem of university students. Another aim of this research is to determine if there exist any meaningful differences between decision self-esteem, decision making styles and self-esteem. The sample of this study consists of 414 university students including 221 female students and 193 male students that were chosen randomly from a public university in Turkey. The age range of the students varies between 17-26 and the mean age is 19.72 (sd=1.54). To collect the data Personal Information Form, Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire I-II (adapted of Deniz, 2004) and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (adapted of uhadarolu, 1986) have been used. In the analysis of the data multiple regression analysis technique, Pearson correlation coefficient and t test were applied. Research findings show that there is a positive correlation between selfesteem and decision self-esteem towards vigilance decision making (p<0.001). At the same time, a negative correlation (p<0.001) is found between the buckpassing procrastination and hypervigilance decision making. According to the gender, there are meaningful differences (p<0.001) between self-esteem and vigilance, buckpassing decision making styles. The results are discussed in the light of the related literature.
92 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries ACADEMIC STAFF BEHAVIORS AND HIDDEN CURRICULUM IN TEACHER EDUCATION BRAHM TUNCEL, ZEYNEP AYVAZ TUNCEL Teacher education curricula must improve the teacher candidates in cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. When these curricula are analyzed, it has been determined that affective characteristics are not adequate and definite. This situation emphasized the importance of the hidden curriculum to bring in affective characteristics. Academic staffs behavior is one of the dimensions of the hidden curriculum. The aim of this study is to explore the unintended affective characteristics which are caused by the academic staffs behaviors. Qualitative research methodology was used for this study and organized as a embedded single-case design. Academic staffs behavior in terms of the development of affective characteristics was defined as a single case. Multiple units of analysis in this single case are composed of the lessons of the Planning and Evaluation of Instruction, Classroom Management, and Guidance of Teaching Certificate Courses. The study was conducted at Hacettepe University Faculty of Education Department of Classroom Teaching. The data gathered with classroom observation form, academic staff interviewing form, and student focus group interviewing form were analyzed by using content analysis. It has been resulted that; in teaching-learning process, students are more affected from academic staffs behaviors than what they say. These behaviors motivate students to model themselves. The examples used by academic staff make the students to be more interested in educational events. Using negative examples increase students anxiety and affect their attitude towards teaching profession negatively.
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TEACHERS VIEWS ABOUT IN-SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAMS RELATED TO THE NEW PRIMARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM: THE CASE OF TRABZON OSMAN BRGN, TAYFUN TUTAK, HAKAN ATLIOLU In Turkey, a new primary school mathematics curriculum was prepared and used in 120 pilot schools in nine cities as a pilot application in 2004. The new mathematics curriculum was put into practice all primary schools throughout Turkey in the 2005-2006 educational years. The new curriculum is based on the constructivist approach, active learning, multiple intelligence and studentcentered instruction. Teachers are the key persons in implementing a curriculum effectively. The success of a curriculum mostly depends on how teachers adopt and use it. Therefore it is important to organize the in-service education programs to teachers about the new primary school mathematics curriculum. The aim of this study is to determine the primary school teachers views about in-service training programs related to the new primary school mathematics curriculum. The Questionnaire consisting of open-ended and closed type question developed by researches and it was administered to 50 primary school teachers in Trabzon. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis technique. The results of this study show that most of the teachers think in-service training programs about the new mathematics curriculum were insufficient in terms of their duration, organizations, sample activities, and were not gain experiences about new teaching methods and techniques, and alternative assessment methods to teachers. Thus, this study provides suggestions for further in-service training programs to be more efficient.
94 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries TEACHER COMPETENCIES FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION TEACHER EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE VERA RAJOVIC, LIDIJA RADULOVIC
In this paper we 1) systematize and ponder teacher competencies from the inclusive education perspective, and 2) analyze their relationship with current teacher education outcomes. Recent developments in the area of special education striving for inclusion pose new types of requirements on teachers. Research data show (UNICEF, 2003; Hrnjica, 2004) that main reason for resistance towards inclusion comes out of teachers feeling not competent and trained enough for teaching pupils with special needs. Systematizing and profiling teacher competencies is performed through analysis field data collected in a) a series of teacher trainings for inclusive teaching that authors performed throughout the country, b) through their own personal practice as teacher educators, and c) research on the way practicing teachers perceive their professional competencies as well as the role of different learning resources (University education being one of them). The general framework for this analysis is competence based model of teacher education and their learning. Encounter between the data on the teacher perceptions of their own competencies, on one side, and relevance of their competencies for the inclusive school, on the other, provides us with the opportunity to critically rethink current teacher education system as well as to develop the ideas for its reforming.
STUDENT TEACHERS PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES AS A TEACHER FATMA TRK, ATLLA MER The aim of this study was to determine secondary school student teachers professional competencies and to advance a proposal for teacher education. The study was carried out with 28 biology, 20 chemistry, 21 mathematics and 19 physics student teachers from fifth grade in Fatih Faculty of Education at Karadeniz Technical University in Trabzon. Survey research design was employed as research method. A questionnaire is developed by using Wisconsin Teaching Standards. Data were analyzed quantitatively. Findings of the research showed that students need support in following situations; engaging in professional discourse about childrens learning of their disciplines, designing instruction that helps use students strengths as the bases for their growth and learning, giving value to short- and long-term planning with colleagues, using multiple measures to assess student learning and understanding laws related to students rights and teacher responsibilities. To overcome these problems; student teachers should be faced to real teacher experiences which enables them to solve similar problems in their teaching, be encouraged for doing academic surveys about students learning. Moreover courses should be given about multiple assessments, laws of students rights and teacher responsibilities.
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THE PERCEPTION OF PROFESSIONAL AUTONOMY AMONG EDUCATORS OF ADULTS KRISTINKA OVESNI

The paper considers the perception of professional autonomy among teachers of adults. Theoretically, the paper is based on the presumption that professional autonomy is reflection of knowledge and that gaining this aspect of personal autonomy is an important andragogical goal. We made a basic division on external (by professional standards, by professional preparation and by continuing professional development driven) and on internal autonomy (individual perception of professional power on: work conditions and contents, performance, making decisions, etc). The main purpose of this paper is to explain theoretical ideas conceptualized as responding to the questions on perception of subsistence of professional autonomy, conduction of independence in work and perception of the importance of own professional influence as a reflection of professional autonomy. The data were collected in May 2005, from a sample of 337 respondents with a battery of instruments consisted of a questionnaire and different five-point Likert-type scales (20 items). Complex statistical analysis determined that perception of professional autonomy is based on the influence of reflection of professional knowledge, and on some elements of work, organizational and bio-social sphere.
VOCATIONAL COUNSELLING NEEDS FOR THE PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES SIMONA EFTIMIE, ALINA MARGARITOIU
Our paper intends to call attention about vocational counselling need for parents which have children with disabilities. For the last few years, Romania has made remarkable progresses to legislative level by promoting equal chances for everybody, inclusive school, professional and social integration for children with disabilities. However, there are more to be done for a truly accomplishment of this desideratum. One of the causes that we have identified that explain the difference between legislative desideratum and reality is the difficulty to change peoples perception about children with disabilities. A person with disabilities in not necessarily a burden, but, in special condition, could became a useful person (for society and, why not, for himself). Lack of adequate job offers for that category (children with disabilities), of social acceptance (prejudices and stereotypes), and of information about their legal rights are just a few obstacles which justifies the necessity of career counselling process. As a solution, we consider absolutely necessarily the role of career counsellor in order to involve parents more into their children lives, to make them realize that their children could be usefully to the society. Not only should the others, but children with disabilities be helped to accept themselves. The process of vocational counselling for children with disabilitys parents is not an easy one. Parents should know better their children (their true abilities, skills and disabilities, too), accept them and involve themselves more into their career choosing process.
96 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries APOSTOL D. CULEA AND THE UNITARY SCHOOL OF THE VILLAGE STELIANA LEFTER The paper is a comprehensive presentation of the work of Apostol D.Culea (1882-1949), the prototype of teacher educator, whose theoretical and practical activity strong related to the school-method prefigures an unitary school of the village. It reunites courses and schools from the primary school level up to the age of 30, aiming to improve the whole life and work of the peasant. The upper rustic school, the cultural club, childrens social circle, etc. are organically linked to the school-method and work based on the principle of the educational localism. n this sense, the rural education should be extended over the four types of environment of the village: the mountain, the hill, the plain, and the river. Connected with this, the intuition is the foundation of the educational system, the intuitive education being considered essential for the life of the school. The school-method proposed by Apostol D.Culea is a historical model of the further education in the rural area. DIVERGENT THINKING IN GEOMETRY ERDOAN MEHMET ZKAN, JULYET CEMAL Divergent thinking is one of the cornerstones of creativity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the divergent thinking of students with geometry problems. This study was qualitative study in nature; task based interview has been applied. Six different geometry questions (all have multiple solutions from three to eight) were asked total of six high school students. These students were chosen based on their academic success measured by school grades: two students have high level student, two-low level students and two students were at middle level. Results of the study revealed that independent of the levels students prefer to memorize the rules and apply them instead of creating new solutions. The major reasons for this students target is the get the results in University exam in a short time. Findings will be discussed in details.
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VALIDATING AND CERTIFYING COMPETENCES OBTAINED THROUGH INFORMAL LEARNING THE PRIORITY IN THE BALKAN COUNTRIES? SAFTA CRISTINA GEORGIANA, IUREA CORINA In the Balkan Countries there is a major problem concerning the low educational and certification levels of the population: recognition, validation and certification of competences acquired through informal learning an help to improve this situation as under certification is one of the components of the problem. The recognition of informal learning can contribute towards the achievement of high-level goals of employment, skill enhancement, equity, social inclusion and active citizenship. This report has summarised a range of practices of recognition of informal learning and identified some of the barriers to participation from the perspective of both demand (the individual) and supply (the system). PEDAGOGICAL TACTFULNESS IUREA CORINA, SAFTA CRISTINA Modern pedagogy emphasizes the need for profesional competence tactfulness and skill on the teacher's part to plan, organize and assess the pedagogical activity.
INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY AND FURTHER EDUCATION IN POSTMODERNISM STAN EMIL In modernism further education represented a marginal response at the challenges of economical development. In postmodernism individual identity there is not a kind of definitive entity, as a result of educational system; individual identity represents what is human in a human being in this very moment. In another moment, in another location what is human (individual identity) represents a different thing; so, further education represents a fundamental response at the lack of consistency of individual identity.
98 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries CROSSROADS IN ROMANIAN FURTHER EDUCATION - NATIONAL REPORT LILIANA EZECHIL, IOANA HERSENI The paper presents some aspects of the existing further education developments in the context of the structural reform Romania is passing through. The authors take into consideration the differentiation criteria of the further education as well as some evolutions in several relevant areas of this type of education in Romania. The analysis of the further education system makes reference both to the socioeconomic background generated in Romania after 1989 and to the European context, revealing the efort to achieve a national framework of qualifications and to bring into operation the principles of the conformiy with the new European framework of the qualification. The paper draws the attention to the difficulties in restructuring the further education system accordingly to the most recent social needs in the field of the qualifications, and to the individual needs to assert the own potential. The paper ends up with a set of basic questions, opening new directions in the field of Romanian further education and making in the same time a synthesis of the main concerns that focus the atention of the specialized educational institutions as problems to be solved in the future. INSTRUCT OF TEACHERS IN THE FIELD OF CHILDREN WITH HIGH LEVEL OF INTELLIGENCE TEODORA DRAGHICIOIU
The studies regarding the teachers specialized in the field of the differentiated training are less numerous, in comparison with the students with a high IQ although the importance of the teacher`s behaviour is emphasized by many researchers. For example, in 1975-1991, only 3% of the published works are dedicated the training of the teacher of the students with high IQ. The additional training of the teachers for differentiated teaching of the students is fully motivated from the psychological, pedagogical and philosophical point of wiew, if we take into account the existence of several types of high IQ intelligence, the complexity of the content of the curriculum and the aspect of the psychic development.According to the Law about education of the genius young men, capable of high performances, adopted by the Romania`s Parliament in 8 January 2007, in our country, it is stipulated that the National Centre for Differentiated Teaching will be founded, and the fourth chapter there are clear settlements about The Training of the authorized personnel. In most of the syllabuses for the teachers, the three aspects remarked by Baldwin (1993) are taken into account: the content of the curriculum, the fields where the high IQ intelligence demonstrates and the age.
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MENTORNG SOCAL EDUCATON THROUGH MASS MEDA FOR YOUNG PEOPLE LILIANA EZECHIL, MIHAELA GABRIELA NEACSU
The article starts from the idea that the socializing function of education is reduced, many times, to the modalities in which the education of the small child contributes to a better adaptation and integration of such child in the social environment. The authors consider that the socializing function of education may be developed and maintained throughout the life duration of the individual and that it should be rendered valuable especially during the individuals maturation period, i.e. when the individual finishes his/her own system of values (adolescence!). In this respect, starting from the fact that teenagers feel a special attraction to the mass media, the authors ask themselves a series of essential questions regarding the manner in which the mass media could amplify its force to make a positive social education and to consequently reduce the negative effects it generates, more or less consciously. For now, the work cannot offer suffcently satsfactory answers to the questons t launches, but intends to invite the participants in the conference on the further education in the balkan countries subject to reflect on such ideas hoping that together they could realize a better work.
CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING: SOME EXEMPLARY PRACTICES IN FURTHER EDUCATION ADNAN BAK, HAKAN ATLIOLU
Contextual teaching and learning is rooted in constructivist approach and provides education directly related to the life experiences and relevant contexts of learners. Drawing on its roots in constructivist learning theory as well as theories of the brain and learning, contextual learning promotes learning by making connections to find meaning. It is also compatible with multiple intelligence theory and Kolbs experiential learning. In the contextual teaching and learning, learning experiences may be based on problem-based learning, cooperative learning, projectbased learning, service learning, and work-based learning. It is aimed in this study to introduce contextual teaching and learning from further education perspective. Some exemplary practices in further education from contextual teaching and learning perspective were reviewed. Although the sample of these practices represent only small portion of further education, similar situations and pictures may appear in other further education programs when using contextual teaching and learning. Finally, some suggestions were provided to successfully implement contextual teaching and learning.
100 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries BASIC COMMUNICATION AND HELPING SKILLS: A BLUEPRINT FOR TEACHERS' EDUCATION VENCISLAV RADOVANOVIC In order to professionalize daily teacher-student communications and prevent consequent interpersonal burnout characteristic for helping professions, a basic pool of eight micro and four macro communication skills is suggested. The micro ones are founded on Carkhuff (1969) and Gazda (1977) models: empathic precision; nonjudgmental respect; emotional warmth; concreteness; genuineness; self-disclosure; confrontation; and immediacy. The macro ones are means of helping a formation of most frequently applied life-skills: normalization (anxiety reduction); personalization (regaining the inner locus of control); options exploration (creative decision making); facilitation of action (resolving the blocks and inhibitions to ones action). The phase goals of the helping skills batch are: self-exploration;; selfunderstanding and commitment of helpees; helpees adaptive action. The overall aim of these communicative and helping skills is the change of helpees maladaptive toward coping behaviour and increase of general energy and activity levels of helpees. Finally, the method and didactic structure of workshops on communication competence are discussed: three ways of mastering the skills theoretical, learning through model and self-exploring of awareness - are combined to optimize the learning and mental hygienic effect of final acquisition of the competence, which should be the default asset of modern teachers education.
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REGIONAL PROJECTS AS LEARNING PROVISION IN THE BALKAN COUNTRIES KATARINA POPOVIC Many of the Balkan countries still have difficulties in establishing the system of continuing and further education. More of all, there is a lack of learning provision for adults, especially in the area of nonformal learning. This is usually compensated by rich learning provision within NGOs and within regional and international projects, which is oft connected. This paper presents two of the regional projects, with following participating countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania and Serbia. First is SMILE project SEEding for Multiethnic and Intercultural Learning Experiences, which helped SEE countries to deal with internal diversity of their populations and supported the progress in addressing national and cross-border issues of identity, as well as cultural, ethnic, and religious differences. Through seminars and workshops, the project brought together various educators from SEE, focusing the questions of tolerance, human rights, and education for democratic citizenship. Second project is History project Remembering for the future, having history teacher as the target group, with special focus on modern methods of history teaching and reconciliation in the region. The project included study visits, seminars and trainings, mobile exhibition, study cases, classroom practising etc.
102 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE CONCEPTIONS OF MATHEMATICS TEACHERS REGARDING EDUCATIONAL BROWSER-BASED GAMES: THE TTNETVITAMIN SAMPLE SERKAN COTU, SERHAT AYDIN, MEHMET FLZ Many video games require players to master skills in demand by todays employers. There are several attributes of games that would be useful for application in learning. There are differences between games for education and games for entertainment. A robust program of research and experimentation is needed to enhance development of educational games. Several barriers inhibit the markets for education games. Educational institutions and educators need to transform organizational systems and instructional practices to take greater advantage of new technology, including educational games. One of the most arduous transformations faced is to alter teachers' perceptions about educational games. As a consequence, the success of the integration of the educational computer games into teaching systems might be closely linked to the perceptions of teachers. Thus, we aimed to reveal the perceptions, conceptions, expectations and beliefs of the mathematics teachers about using educational games for classroom use. In this context we introduced a browser-based software at www.ttnetvitamin.com to the teachers. This software was first launched as a national competition for secondary school students in Turkey. Later we called for the conceptions of teachers regarding the utilization of educational games in mathematics classes and the likely problems over the course of integration of those games into lessons. The data in this case study were gathered from 4 primary school mathematics teachers via semi-structured interviews and analysed using Nvivo 7.0 software. The great majority of the participant teachers noted that educational games may both have pros and cons and the integration of those novel technologies into classroom environment may lead to several problems such as ineffective usage of limited time under the constraints of fulfilling the requirements of formal curriculum. The entire study group view the educational games as a worthy extracurricular educational activity.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE STUDENTS OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS AND THE ONES BEING EDUCATED IN THE OTHER DEPARTMENTS MUSTAFA USLU, SELAHATTN AVAROLU, SERKAN REVAN, HAMD PEPE This study was carried out to determine whether the psychological symptom levels of university students make deference significantly according to their some demographical features. The research data were obtained, administrating SCL 9OR Symptoms Scanning Scale and Survey for Students identification information. Research sample consisted of totally 598 students; 356 female, 242 male. Study was in scanning model and the data were collected via randomly sampling method. During analyzing the data, t-test and one-way Anova test were applied for independent groups; the significance level was accepted as 0.05. According to the results of the study, the significant differences were found between sub-dimensional vacations of psychological symptoms such as somatic anxiety, obsession, depression, psychosis, paranoia and phobia for female and male students. Any significant difference was not found between gender and the symptoms of anger and its extra symptoms. A significant difference was identified between general symptom level and gender. When compared to the students of physical education and sports and the other departments students, it was found that there were some significant differences between the levels of somatic anxiety, obsession , depression, interpersonal sensitivity, anger symptom and its additional subdimensions, and general symptoms. For male students, there were significant differences between inter-personal sensitivity and anger symptoms, which were of the subdimensions of age variation.
104 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE RESEARCH OF THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS HOPELESSNESS AND STATE TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY WHO STUDY FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN PREP CLASSES MUSTAFA USLU, BANU USLU
The purpose of this research is to study Hopelessness and State Trait Anxiety Inventory levels of prep classes according to some varieties. The sample is composed of 346 students who are selected randomly (60 female and 169 male students) and study at Selcuk University School of Foreign Languages (SOFL). In this study two different scales are used. Becks Hopelessness Scale (A.T.Beck,D, D.Lester ve L.Trexler ,1974) is used to measure students Hopelessness levels and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (ner ve LeCompte 1985) is used to measure students Trait levels. When the obtained data were examined with respect to gender, it was found that hopelessness scores of female candidates were higher than the males and It was found that females have more State Anxiety than males but trait anxiety levels did not differ significantly according to gender. As a result of the present research, it was found that teacher candidates aged between 22-25 years had higher scores on both the hopelessness and state anxiety measures. Another finding obtained in the study is that there was no meaningful difference from the average score from the variables of Hopelessness And State-Trait Anxiety for the School Discipline of the students.
PSYCHO-EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR THE TRANSITION TO PARENTHOOD AYEGL KILIASLAN

The transition to parenthood is a time period that profound changes may occur in individuals relationships with his/her child, own parents, coworkers and partner. During this period new roles needed to be learned, new relationships developed, and existing relationships realigned by the couples. It is generally accepted that the transition to parenthood can be a stressful period for many marriages and, through decreased marital quality and parent-child interaction. At this time, psychoeducational programs focused on helping expectant couples and parents of infants and toddlers equip themselves with the knowledge and skills needed to cope constructively with the changes brought about by the birth of their child can ease this period. This kind of programs can provide couples survival skills for taking care of their couple relationship, taking care of themselves, relating to their baby, and dealing with the many ways becoming parents impacts their lives. The major purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the literature relevant to and examine the psycho-educational intervention programs for couples having their first children. It is expected to guide psychological counselors, psychologists and researchers working with couples in the transition to parenthood.
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TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF SCHOOL MANAGERS ETHICAL LEADERSHIP LEVELS ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST LEVEL ERCAN YILMAZ, VCDAN ALTINOK The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of school managers ethical leadership levels on the organizational trust level. The research was based on the relational search model and the population was consisted of 378.665 teachers working in official schools of Ministry National Education. The sample set of research was consisted of 1.144 female and 1.288 male teachers. The Ethical Leadership Scale was used to determine the ethical leadership levels of school managers and the c was used to determine the organizational trust level of secondary schools. The findings of the research related to explanation of organizational trust by ethical leadership showed that the sensitivity to workers subscale of organizational trust were significantly explained by the environmental ethic, ethic in decision making and communicational ethic subscales of ethical leadership. The trust to manager and communication environment subscales of organizational trust were significantly explained by the communicational ethic, behavioral ethic, ethic in decision making and environmental ethic subscales of ethical leadership. Results also showed that openness to changes subscale of organizational trust was significantly explained by the communicational ethic, ethic in decision making and environmental ethic subscales of ethical leadership.
106 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries A QUALITATIVE REVIEW ON CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH ISTANBUL WRITING WORKSHOP M. OSMAN KURTKAN KAPICIOLU This paper aims to present a qualitative review on the workshop on How to write a good scientific article?, organised by the journal CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH, USA. The workshop, held in Istanbul on 18-20 April, 2008, covered the experts (orthopaedists), assistants professors (editors) invited from Turkey, Greece and Spain, and the professors from Turkey, USA, Greece and Spain. The participating assistants and expert orthopaedists from Turkey evaluated the workshop by giving answers to the questions: 1) How do you define the workshop?, 2) What about your expectations from the workshop?, 3) What is your overall impression of the workshop? The other dimension of the study covers the ideas of the professors (editors), the differences and similarities between the ideas displayed by them from those of the other group. The participants consist of 90 experts and assistants and 6 professors. This qualitative study is in action research format. The ideas of the participants were obtained through a structured questionnaire form by asking them to give their ideas in written form. Then, in order to make deeper and richer analysis, based on being volunteer, semi-structured elicitation questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions, was administered based on face-to-face interview. The data obtained from the interview was categorised under five subtitles: 1) The expectations of the participants, 2) their experiences related to their previously written articles, 3) the overall evaluation of the workshop, 4) the differences and similarities between the ideas of the participants from different countries, and 5) the differences and similarities between the ideas of the participants and the editors as professors. As for the results, the workshop satisfied the expectations, the participants gained theoretical and practical information on the stages of article writing, which is a challenging process, although there were some differences about the expectations of the participants and their ideas during and after the workshop. There were again differences about points of views of the participants and professors as to article writing, which was based on the country they came from.
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ALBANIAN AREA OF LIFELONG LEARNING AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF EUROPEAN AREA OF LIFELONG LEARNING GEZIM SALA, LILJANA REKA The lifelong learning aim is the individuals permanent integration in the contemporary life. The all inclusiveness in the lifelong learning is considered to be a challenge for the Albanian society. The consolidation of the social dialogue between parties as: education system employees, local and regional authorities, NGO-s, other organizations, different associations and the citizens themselves will serve as a guarantee to succeed in this challenge. The problems of the lasting transition in Albania have influenced this process to take slow steps. Nevertheless the Albanian area of lifelong learning has become now an integral part of the European area of lifelong learning. This is proved by different factors as: acquisition of the European vision of the lifelong learning, compilation of a coherent national strategy with objectives, principles and priorities of the lifelong learning, the education and formation system reform, the raising of awareness of all society for the necessity and the benefit of the lifelong learning, further deepening and the widening of the collaboration in a European level.
108 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries TEACHERS PROFESSIONAL STANDARTS-A CONDITION FOR A SUCCESSFUL SCHOOL ILIR BOZGO Nowadays, the topic of the Teachers professional Standards is in the center of the European educational policies. The compilation of these standards is a world and European complicated problem. The Conference of Lisbon of the year 2000 and other high level activities evidence the engagement of educational policies in various countries in the treatment of the issues related to this problem. This comes as a need for the formulation of an inter-European policy for the formation of the teacher on standards. The concern for this topic originates from the indices of the low quality in education, as a need for bringing this quality to a higher level and for avoiding the crises of profession. This engagement becomes necessary for the very importance of this problem and it serves as a condition and warranty for a successful school and quality in education. This commentary aims at treating such important issues as: -The understanding of the professional standards and competences of the teacher, The complexity and difficulty in the establishment of the standards, -The functions of the standards, -The general and special standards and competences, -The standards of the formation of the new teachers (pre-service) and the standards of the professional development of teachers in process (in service), -The institutions that formulate the standards and those that approve them, -The monitoring of the application of the standards. The message is also concentrated on the analysis of various aspects of this problem in the Albanian education. The latest development are brought, which have to do with the processing and implementation of the strategies and concrete measures on the part of the state and academic organisms in this direction. The main directions of the Reform in the System of the Professional Development of the Teachers are treated, like: the steps of the teachers career, the ways of application, the definition of the standards for different levels, etc.
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THE RIGHT FOR EDUCATION AS ONE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS (THE CASE OF ALBANIA) ERMONELA RUSPI
This paper focuses on the topic of human rights, a very interesting one, which is the main field of study of juridical and historical sciences. The significant changes taking place in the early 90-ies add to the importance of this study, because Albania went through a long and almost half-century rule of a dictatorial regime, a system that denied freedom and human rights of the Albanian citizens. This long regime was followed by a new system of pluralism where acknowledgement and application of human rights entered a new phase. In fact the study of human rights in this paper is concentrated on the education right, which falls under the group of economic, social and cultural rights in the Albanian constitution of 1998. This right has been composed in conformity with article 2 of Protocol No. 1, attached to the European Convention, and in addition it has a more complete formulation of the issue treating all the problems that might require a solution. This right is analyzed even before this period in order to give a better understanding of the beginning of acknowledgment and application, as well as the evolution of this right, which have been affected by the historical, political, economical and social factors. A special importance takes the present situation of the education right in Albania, the measures taken by the state institutions for its best application in practice.
THE STRATEGIES AND THE METHODS USED IN THE SUBJECT OF GEOGRAPHY FOR THE TREATMENT OF NATURAL INHERITANCE GENTIAN RUSP
The social, economic and political changes that have taken place in Albania after the year 1990 have affected the necessity of the reformation of the educational system. The reformation of the content has been considered as the key to this reformation. The idea of alternative texts and their application in the recent years have brought about the increase of the quality of these texts in content and in conception, as well as in the methods used in teaching them. A qualitative reformation has also been made in the texts of geography. Besides a great extent of geographical knowledge, these texts also contain the treatment of the concepts of natural inheritance. The organization of the class hour by the teachers, the follow-up of the strategies and proper teaching methods play an important role in the digestion of the appropriate knowledge serving the acquaintance and right evaluation by the pupils of the properties of special natural values. The class hour, for the most effective assimilation of the knowledge by the pupils combines the informative knowledge contained in the lesson texts of geography with the audio video means (like photographs or shots), as well as the knowledge acquired directly in the terrain, where natural objects with distinguished values are shown.
110 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries A CROSS-AGE STUDY ON THE CHANGING ATTITUDES TOWARD CONTINUING EDUCATION RUHAN RC, MEHMET NAZF KIZIL The attitude construct is an important concept in theories concerning explanation of behavior and behavioral change. Several different definitions of the attitude construct have been used by researchers, emphasizing for instance belief, evaluation, action or feeling (Mathewson, 1994). Zimbardo and Leippe (1991) define attitude as "An evaluative disposition toward some object based upon cognitions, affective reactions, behavioral intentions, and past behaviors. that can influence cognitions, affective responses, and future intentions and behaviors". This study will be based on the attitude toward continuing education. The original scale is the Adults Attitudes to Continuing Education Scale (AACES) that took the final version by including seven attitude tosituation and 15 attitude to-object items (Darkenwald&Hayes,1988). In this study the Turkish version of the AACES will be used (Akgner,1994) The 21 items Turkish version has alpha reliability cofficient 0.80.The aim of the study is to investigate whether attitudes toward continuing education change across different ages that it effects the future behavior of people. In order to examine this change, cross-age and longitudinal studies can be used. However, Abraham et al. (1994) have implied that a cross-age study is more applicable than a longitudinal study if there is limited time. Therefore, in this study, a cross-age study has been undertaken. The sample selected from last grade high school students, senior students at two different university, people graduated from university one year before and adults not attended school currently. The number for each sub-group is 100. To use the scale for high school students, four experts two from the secondary school education and two from adult education fields have been asked to revise and adapt the scale. Preliminary, analysis shows that students at high school and university have lower attitudes that the others, while the one year graduated people has highest one. The study will contribute the field by looking continuing education from different perspectives at different ages.
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SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ISSUES IN PARENT EDUCATION ARE SERTELN MERCAN

Although parenting is the most ancient role of human beings, nowadays parent education programmes are widely spreaded. Academic institutions, local governments, non-govermental organisations and various associations arrange parent education programmes. Parent education programmes promotes participants knowledge about parenting, improve their communication skills, relationships with their children, and families. Most common themes observed within these educational programmes are: effective communication, helping children learn to make choices and decisions, punishment and reward, time management, helping children with homework, school success, parent-teacher relationships, working mothers, and father participation. However, social and cultural issues are mostly underestimated within standard parent education programmes. This study aims to highlight the importance of social and cultural issues in parent education programmes, since culture influences the life expectations, parents have for their children and parenting styles (Keats, 1996). Parents want to transmit their values to their children. But some values are not always seen as appropriate when the child changes social environments and also in same culture in the long run. For Western cultures independency of the individual is valued but for Eastern cultures being dependant to the family is valued. Having a job, marriage, children, whealty, responsibilities to the family of origin and relatives, and knowing the appropriate traditional legends can be an issue of valueing. As a result, parent education programmes have to inform parents about the effects and consequences of cultural issues on child rearing.
BASIC NUMERACY SKILLS FOR ADULTS PINAR ALBAYRAK ATAKLI

The aim of the project is to develop Basic Numeracy Skills training program for adults. For this purpose, the interactive model of program planning is used. Most people think of mathematics without thinking of its real life applications. However, adults living in industrialized societies should possess some knowledge in key areas of mathematics. Throughout life, for developing reasoning, problem solving, being a conscious consumer, dealing with technologies, and making budget; adults need to be aware of the growing recognition of mathematical power and application of basic mathematical skills. So, the subject of the program can always find an application area in the current lives of the target group. It was a three week (24 hours) program and the target group consists of seventeen adult participants whose ages are from 26 to 57. A need analysis survey was utilized in order to define target groups needs and expectations. The concepts that are included in the program are Skills of Calculation Mentally, Patterns of Numbers, Problem Solving Strategies, and The Importance of Measuring: Using Money and Time Efficiently, Game Theory and Mathematical Steps in Collecting and Interpreting Data. For assessing the outcomes of the program, various evaluation methods were used.
112 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries SELF EFFICACY BELIEFS OF EFL TEACHER TRAINEES KADRYE DLEK AKPINAR
This study examined the efficacy beliefs of nonnative English speaking (NNES) Turkish EFL teacher trainees. Fourth year EFL teacher trainees perceptions of their teaching efficacy in terms of using effective communication skills during the practicum courses were assessed. The data was collected through interviews with the teacher trainees and their practicum advisors. The results showed that the teacher trainees find themselves inadequate in using effective communication skills such as non-verbal language, empathy, voice tonality, proxemics, eye contact, chronomics etc. The findings also revealed that the more efficacious the teachers felt, the more inclined they were to use communicative-based strategies. The study has implications for the preparation of EFL teacher trainees and the support they need to develop their effective communication skills, which in turn is related to their perceived self-efficacy.
HIGHER EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE BALKAN COUNTRIES: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS MURAT KARAGZ, NICHOLAS TSOUNIS, KADR KARAGZ
The nature of the relations between education and growth is far from having been perfectly determined. It is therefore of interest to examine the links between education and economic growth in the Balkan countries. The main question to be addressed is Does higher education play a part in the growth process of this area? Using the notion of causality developed by Granger, the relationship between higher education and economic growth is to be compared. The preliminary results show that higher education has an influence on gross domestic product in the case of Turkey. This study aims at using the panel data multivariate causality analysis to examine relationship between higher education and growth in the Balkans using annual time series major Balkan countries. Recent research works have preferred multivariate to the bivariate approach as the former is thought to be more general than the latter. There are several evidences in the literature. Some countries may not obey the dominant theory whereby education is the cause of growth. However, economic growth increases the number of students. This is consistent with the idea that education is a growth-driven accompanying investment (Jaoul 2004). By analyzing the causality and cointegration between education and gross national product (GDP) for the case of China, the economic development is the cause of higher education and result of primary education (Kui 2007). The some empirical results in the literature show evidence of bidirectional causality between education and growth (Islam et al 2007). The empirical results of a study made for Turkey show that the direction of causality between human capital and economic growth depends upon the selected measures of human capital. These results indicate that economic growth, on the one hand, determines the human capital and, on the other, be determined by the indicators of human capital (Taban ve Kar 2003).
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A RESEARCH ON A SCIENCE TEACHERS PRACTICAL THEORIES: A CASE IN TURKEY MRA AYDIN, SERKAN COTU In the recent researches on teachers, a shift has sprung up and the professionalism of the teachers surfaced as a research field. One of the research field in teacher education is the teachers practical theory in teacher education. The practical theory not only helps the teachers make their practices meaningful but also help develop those practices. In this study, we engaged in describing a science teachers practical theory. The research was conducted in Trabzon, Turkey, in a primary school at grade level 6 in 2006-2007 spring semester. The teacher has 17-years experienced teacher. After he had graduated chemistry teacher education department in a faculty of education in Turkey, he taught chemistry and science in a various primary and secondary schools. He has been a science teacher for 5 years in a primary school in which the study was conducted. The case study method was used in the study. The reason why it was used case study method in the paper is to describe a science teacher in his special circumstances. In order to obtain data, observations, interviews, documents and field notes were used. At the end of the study, practical theory of the science teacher divided into two categories. The first is classroom management and the second one is the science teachers view on science teaching.
114 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS SELF-EFFICACY AND ATTRIBUTIONS FOR POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CLASSROOM SITUATIONS GEORGIA STEPHANOU, ERENE SIVROPOULOU In any teaching situation a teacher has to regulate his/her cognitive and motivational processes. This study, based on Weiners (2001) attribution theory of achievement behaviour, and Jesus and Lens (2005) integrated model for teacher motivation, aimed to investigate (a) kindergarten teachers attributions for both the perceived negative classroom situation and the perceived positive classroom situation, and (b) the impact of teachers self-efficacy on the generation of their attributions for the perceived negative and positive classroom situations. Kindergarten teachers (n= 200), mainly females, from a variety of Greek state schools, participated in this study. The participants completed the scales at the middle of a school year. The results showed that (a) the teachers attributed the perceived positive classroom situation to themselves- related factors (mainly, teaching method, care for children learning), whereas they attributed the perceived negative classroom situation to children- related factors (particularly, lack of interest in the subject matter, bad behaviour), and (b) teachers self-efficacy had positive effect on the formation of their attributions (mainly, personal controllability) for the negative classroom situation and, unexpectedly, mainly, for the positive classroom situation. The findings of this study support the necessity of teacher in-service training. Attributional retraining programme could change teachers maladaptive attributions for classroom situations. Similarly, based on selfefficacy theory, programme could enhance teachers competence beliefs.
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THE POINT OF VEIW OF THE STUDENTS TOWARDS TOURISMS PROFESSION AZZE TUN HUSSEIN, NEVN ANLIER Tourism in the matter of employment and staffs circulation is one of the foremost sectors. n the sector of a 15 million worked persons and every year tens of opened establishments, the accelerating of appointments and descending the promotions from 3 years to 1.5 year, is causing continual staff need in the subpositions. n tourism sector with its high tempo the high quality and pleasant personnel is the most important factor for the management to win superiority over their rivals.Because of all these features in the sector it is not easy to find the trained staff from sale to the personel who will make the service.The number of the graduated from the vocational high school of tourism is not enough to respond the demand of sector .As for the graduated from the high education they donot want to work in the subgraded positions of sector that needs. Here it is!because of this for overcoming the appearing personnels difficulties alot of tourism establishments, provides possibility of work in its structure by educating those who didnot get education or who needs education. Nowadays tourism gradually gained the features of an important mass movement.So, it became a sector that interests directly or indirectly every section in societies. Tourism with its gained developments in both international and national levels, investments and improving the business capacity, creative for income, provider of foreign Money , opener of employment fields has gained an effective attribute of social and cultural life.
116 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF PROSPECTIVE UNIVERSITY TEACHERS: AN ACTION RESEARCH HANFE AKAR In Turkey there is an increasing demand for developing academic staff, and to meet this challenge several steps have been taken. While one group of academic staff is educated abroad, the remaining are educated in prestigious universities in Turkey through integrated doctoral studies. However, developing excellent doctoral candidates brings along a need to develop them as prospective instructors as well. This study deals with course evaluation based on an action research. The purpose of this talk is to present an action research study based on Ph.D. candidates developmental and educational needs in Teaching in Higher Education. Participants are Ph.D. candidates mainly from engineering departments, architecture and some other social sciences departments. Based on a SWOT analysis that explored the needs of prospective academic staff, Teaching in Higher Education course was restructured and authentic cases were collected to enrich the content and the instructional design of the course. Data for this study is drawn from participants portfolios, individual reflective documents, and class diaries. Preliminary data reveal that prospective instructors feel trapped between research and development, and teaching. SECOND CHANCE SCHOOLS IN GREECE REVISITED ELENI HODOLIDOU The theories of Basil Bernstein on classification and framing, as well as on Visible and Invisible Pedagogy provide a suitable framework for the approach and understanding of Second Chance Schools (SCSs) in Greece. Now that the experimental period of the schools is almost over and SCSs are to be found almost in every prefecture all over Greece it seems challenging to examine the way that schools operate and are organised. The paper attempts to read further the European project of SCSs as text through certain discourses produced by and for it. Furthermore, SCSs are compared to the reference schools, exactly the ones that massively produce dropouts every year.
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THE IN-SERVICE TEACHERS TRAINING IN GREECE: THE CASE OF HISTORY EDUCATION IN THE SECONDARY LEVEL DIMITRIS MAVROSKOUFIS
In this paper there is an attempt to examine the efforts for the in-service training of teachers who teach history in the Greek secondary schools (Gymnasium and Lyceum). The main scope is the study of type, of organization, and of the content of these programmes, with most regard to the history teaching reformation in Greece. At first, the author investigates the aims of the history teaching reformation between 1997 and 2007, which is being placed under the pursuit for the increasing of historical thinking and for the construction of historical consciousness. In this section there is a strong emphasis to history curricula and textbooks, as well as to researches into the methods of history teaching, which form the very characteristics of the so-called real days in the classrooms. In succession, the author examines, according to relevant findings, the effectiveness of the in-service training programmes, especially from the viewpoint of transformative learning. The critical evaluation of these programmes is being placed under the criteria of the Council of Europe, of European countries and of nongovernmental organizations. The author also investigates the topics of the entrance examinations to tertiary education, as well as those of the examinations which are being hold every too years by the Supreme Council for Staff Selection (ASEP). The paper reaches the conclusion that there is a major gap in the in-service training of history teachers, which blows up the obstacles for the development of critical and clear-headed thinking.
INTERNATIONAL STUDENT TEACHING: TOURING THE EXOTIC OR BECOMING A TEACHER A. CENDEL KARAMAN
Recent reports on teacher education and internationalizing teacher education have pointed to the importance of prospective teachers preparation for cultural diversity. Cultural immersion through participation in domestic and international field experiences have been accepted as paths to the development of intercultural sensitivity (Bennet, 1993). A cross-disciplinary interest in sending college students abroad has also continued to grow. While study abroad programs for all majors are widely available at universities, only limited numbers of education majors participate in these programs. Particularly, international student teaching (IST) programs are scarce. This paper explores how IST programs offer important opportunities for intercultural and professional development in teacher education. The discussion is contextualized with empirical data drawn from longitudinal studies focusing on the developmental trajectories of four prospective world language teachers participating in IST programs in South America. Particularly, reflections on teaching philosophies and criticisms of different professional practices encountered abroad emerge among prevalent factors relating to professional growth during IST program experiences.
118 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries EFFECT OF AWARENESS TRAINING WORKSHOPS ON CHANGEING ATTITUDES TOWARDS DISABLED PEOPLE AYEGL ATAMAN
Not a Guilt but Disabled project was supported by EU and within this project conferences was performed in Ankara, Adana, Denizli, zmir, Sinop to Ministry of Public Works workers in 2007. Our aim is to provide employers with a proven means to help break down attitudinal barriers, which are often the biggest obstacles to the integration and acceptance of persons with disabilities. We believe this awareness training workshop operates on the assumption that employees are more likely to improve their interactions with persons with disabilities if employees can appreciate and understand the difficulties individuals encounter because of their disabilities. The 408 employees with or without disabilities participating in this study were given the attitude scale as a pre-test. Employees in the treatment group attended eight disability awareness workshop sessions. Following the workshop sessions, all employees were given the post-test. Collected data revealed statistically significant differences in the knowledge levels of employees and more positive attitudes toward guests with disabilities as a result of attending the disability awareness workshop. Conclusions are provided below. The participants in this study were 81% male and 18.6 female. More than half of the participants are married. 1/3 of the participants are graduated from primary schools. 38% of the participants were between the of 31-41 and 53% had a 6-10 years of work practice. 43% of participants were orthopaedic, 21.2% hearing impairment and 17% had a chronic disease including 95%visual impairments and other impairment types. Many participants with a orthopaedic disability were in the need of environmental adaptations into several degrees. According to the disability degree assessments; 60% had a third degree, 22% has a first degree, and 18% has a second degree disability. 54 % had a disability after their birth. Before accepted to a work area 69% had a vocation. Most of the participants (69.5%) got their jobs via deployment quota where 93% of the participants hadnt got any special education. 78% of the participants hadnt get any vocational in service training but only %22 of them had. 80 % participants come across with indiscriminate behaviours however, %18 think that they did. Additionally 2 participants think that they live in a discriminated environment continuously. %45 of the participants declares that they are unaware of disabled peoples rights and 25% point out that they are aware of disabled peoples rights. %57 of the participants declares that their disability is not effecting their job performance. %31 of participants thinks that their colleagues look them with pity. %41 of participants think that their colleagues look them slightly pity. %55 declares no pithy full behaviour towards them. This pity related behaviours includes %45 of the participants give the impression that this group can benefit from the disability awareness workshops and at the end of the workshop employees who participate in disability awareness training program seems to get benefit.
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A NEW SCALE OF ETHICAL VIOLATIONS OF FACULTY MEMBERS BASED ON STUDENT PERCEPTIONS GKHAN ZASLAN, SMAIL AHN, MER BEYHAN, AL MURAT SNBL
Dealing with ethical issues in education has been a crucial topic among the educators worldwide. The aim of our study is to develop an interval-type scale through which faculty staffs ethical violations of undergraduate students rights will be identified. At the onset of the process, anonymously written qualitative data were gathered from senior students. The first evaluations indicated that some of the recurring themes may be categorized under five dimensions named Exploitation, Shameful Behaviors, Discrimination, Negligence of Responsibilities and Violation of Legal Rights. From now on, an item pool will be created and the views of experts on the first draft of the instrument will be collected. After that it will be piloted on students and the internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach Alpha) will be calculated. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses will also be conducted. We hope that the final form of the scale will be useful not only for the universities in Turkey but also for the universities of Balkan countries.
A STUDY CONCERNED WITH QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF MESSAGES OF PARENTS AGAINST FAULTY BEHAVIORS OF CHILDREN KEZBAN TEPEL
In this study, messages of parents confronted with faulty behaviors of children ages between four and six years in situation of house were examined. The messages were used to warn, change and correct faulty behaviors of children. Moreover, whether quality of the messages had been changed according to empathic tendency, communication skill and education level of the parents was investigated. A total of 253 parents whose children attending to 12 different preschool education foundations placed in central towns of Konya participated in the study. Five problems concerning with faulty behaviors of children were presented to parents. The problems were connected with situations which could be encountered by parents in a house. For each problem, a question (what kind of expression do you use when you meet this type of problem) to correct this faulty behavior was asked to parents. Obtained answers from the questions were exposed to content analysis from the point view of solution messages, pressing messages, indirect messages and I-messages. At the end of study, it was seen that parents used more widely you-messages than I-messages when five faulty behaviors were based on. While the messages used by parents against five faulty behaviors changed according to communication skills and education level of parents in some behaviors, the messages did not change in respect to empathic tendency of the parents.
120 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND STUDENTS APPRAISAL AND EMOTIONS FOR INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE EFFECTIVE AND INEFFECTIVE TEACHERS IN TERTIARY EDUCATION GEORGIA STEPHANOU This study aimed to examine (a) early childhood education students (N = 350, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year) estimated quality of their interpersonal relationships with their perceived extremely effective teachers and with their perceived extremely ineffective teachers, (b) students emotions for the same interpersonal relationships, and (c) the association of the intuitive appraisal of the interpersonal relationships and the subsequent emotions with academic performance in the courses taught by both group of teachers. Separate questionnaires for the most effective and ineffective teacher were used. The results showed that the students estimated their interpersonal relationships with the effective and ineffective teachers as satisfactory and unsatisfactory, respectively. Similarly, students experienced positive and negative emotions for the satisfactory and the non satisfactory interpersonal relationships with their teachers, respectively. Finally, emotions and, mainly, intuitive appraisal of the interpersonal relationships were positively associated with academic performance (particularly in the courses taught by the extremely ineffective teachers). The findings from this study provide insight on how teacher effectiveness, the quality of the interpersonal relationship between student and teacher and student emotions interact in student academic excellence. University educational environment should satisfy as many as possible aspects of students life.
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INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE, WISDOM. A PARADIGM SHIFT IN HIGHER TECHNICAL EDUCATION GEORGETA MARGHESCU, ION MARGHESCU The fundamental changes created by globalization on the global, national, and education system levels places new requirements on engineering education. Having in mind that the circumstances facing practicing engineers today are considerably different from those of the past, and the circumstances of the future will be even more different, the traditional instructional methods are not more adequate to equip engineering graduates with the knowledge, skills and attitudes they will need to meet the demands of their professional practice. In this new context, engineering education must assume mainly the role to provide the information, to assist the student to structure it into a personal knowledge base and to realize an experiential learning that will assist with skills development. The future graduates of engineering education should posses ability to apply knowledge, to design and conduct experiments, to analyze and interpret data, to function on multidisciplinary teams, to identify and solve engineering problems, to recognize the necessity of and to engage in life-long learning, and, also, to understand professional and ethical responsibility and to evaluate the impact of engineering solutions on the environment. In view to face the challenges of new century, engineering education must realize a paradigm shift. Our paper concerns this necessary paradigm shift, that is one from information to knowledge structured knowledge and from knowledge to wisdom structured knowledge. In other words, knowledge must carries with it the responsibility to see that it is well used in the world (David Orr); we cannot say that we know something until we understand the effects of this knowledge on people, community, earth. If traditionally the primary values of engineering practice were functionality and efficacy of action based on knowledge, today the primary values of engineering practice should to be the wisdom in using the power of knowledge.
122 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries AN ANALYSIS OF THE PERSPECTIVES OF MAINSTREAM SCHOOL HEADTEACHERS ABOUT THE FULFILLMENT OF THEIR DUTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TURKISH SPECIAL EDUCATION LEGISLATION (2006) TO MEET THE NEEDS OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS HAKAN SARI, BNNUR ERGEN According to Turkish special Education Legislation (2006) headteachers in mainstream schools have many vital responsibilities to meet the needs of children with special educational needs. Although this legislation puts many duties on headteachers in mainstream schools, it is reported that they have many difficulties to fulfill their responsibilities on meeting the needs of those who need special education in their schools (Ataman, 2005). Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore the difficulties the headteachers face in their schools to be able to meet the needs of children with special educational needs. In this research, semi structured interview technique will be used to collect the data as one of the qualitative research methods via 25 headteachers who participated as a sample of this study. The data will be analyzed in accordance with content analysis technique and the findings of the study will be presented in the International Congress. THE COLLEGE AS A FORM FOR FURTHER EDUCATION IN BULGARIA BORISLAV BOICHEV, KETI GENCHEVA Very important form for further education, as a post secondary education in Bulgaria is the college.The duration of the education in the college is 2 years.After theese 2 years the students obtain a diploma for a specialist in the field of a profession. In the paper will be presented the sructure , the organisation, the different spesialisations and the management in the college for tourism in Sofia.
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THE SOCIO-CULTURAL MEANING OF TERTIARY EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION (PTIXIO) IN GREECE AS AN AWARD FOR ENTRANCE INTO THE LABOR FORCE MARIA SITZIOUKI This paper considers a major topic in its socio-cultural significance for education in Greece, namely the diachronic demand of a tertiary degree, ptixio, from students and their families. This particularity of Greek educational paradosis is examined along the recent reforms taking place in 1990s in European Area for Higher Education and the promoted new qualificational structure. Further, the paper revisits the OECD framework in developing indicators for evaluating the policies of transition from initial education to the working life. After the setting of the European scope on the topic, the paper follows an inward look for Greek education and reviews the literature considering the symbolic role of ptixio firstly as an award with a functional orientation, and thus as a prerequisite for entrance into the labor market and most of all in its public sector and secondly but perhaps primarily in its significance- as an award including social privileges for the graduates. The interpretive approach takes evidence from educational policy discourse that demands the opening access in post compulsory education and the awarded qualification and it also takes evidence from statistical data that considers transition outcomes, i.e. educational qualifications (by type, level, field of study), employment indicators and unemployment indicators. The interpretive approach broadens with a case study of an institution competent for the transition from tertiary education to working life, the Office for Education and Career Counseling at the Aristotelian University Thessalonica. The field study investigates statistical data available on the transition into the working life, the programs developed and the needs of the students. The thesis of the paper is that the transition from initial education to working life takes place within a social, economic and educational context that describes different national contexts. Among the factors that underline the different national contexts are the way that labour markets are organized, the nature and the structure of educational systems, institutional relationships between key actors and national values and traditions.
124 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries NONFORMAL EDUCATION IN THE FAMILY ELISABETA NEGREANU, CRISTINA IOANA MARGHESCU Results from some researches regarding education in the family show it clearly that there is a need to educate parents as well as future parents. The challenges of the contemporary world, mass-media consumption in the family and mass-media impact on young people induces changes in attitudes and behavior, in interpersonal relationships. The intimate structure, the functions, the family life all are affected more precisely they are changed. Preparation for life, in general, and for family life, in particular, the necessity of family support for the young generation, both require a level of awareness of the parents. It is necessary to get the parents ready to assume their responsibilities in an efficient and benefic way. Several interesting experiences shall be presented. Several principles of the value education in the family, principles that parents can apply will be highlighted. MATHEMATICS MODELLING ACTIVITIES IN PRIMARY MATHEMATICS EDUCATION HALL ARDAHAN MM is one of the best ways to improve critical mathematical thinking abilities, reasoning, perceiving mathematical order, to improve personal intuitions and estimation and problem solving skills and getting adaptation to new situations. So, the importance of MM is focused on by the new mathematical curriculums (For example, NCTM,2003; ICMI,2004, TTKB,2005). The importance of the MM is also stressed in the last Mathematics Teaching Programs in Turkey (MEB-TTKB, s.19, 2005). In the direction of the above literature, a case study was designed on the effects of MM on Teaching Mathematics and some qualitative and quantitative models were designed by the author concerned with the Algebraic identities involved in mathematics curriculum for K-12. And then the original concept directed areas was explored which is similar to directed numbers but totally different from it. This study involves the first experiences in the years 2004-2005. The sample space for the study is 85 students chosen randomly and voluntarily from the mathematics classes in Primary Education in The Faculty of Education in Konya. Data were collected by a questionnaire involving 10 questions with 5 alternatives and interviews. The descriptive statistic was used to evaluate the results. I am glad to announce that designed models and activities are very effective on the meaningful learning.
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CONTINUING EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR GREEK TEACHERS ATHINA A. SIPITANOU, NIKOS D. GRIGORIADIS The rapid evolution of science and technology and the internationalisation of economic, social and cultural relations influence vitally the field of education. In the new "society of knowledge" the primary school has to correspond in the current demands for flexibility, adaptability and change concerning the organisation, the content of school knowledge, the utilisation and application of educational means and the evaluation of educational result. The teacher should have the required scientific prestige, the contemporary communication skills, the familiarization with new educational theories and new methodological approaches. Until the means of 1980 the training of teachers in Greece was of 2 years attendance and was provided by Pedagogic Academies. With the beginning of function of Departments of Pedagogy in Universities, in 1982, there was appealed the need of upgrading of degrees that granted Pedagogic Academies with the degrees which were provided by Universities. This up grading simulation of degrees in which participated 20.000 teachers from all over Greece gave the opportunity to all teachers that graduate from 2 years Pedagogic Agademies to upgrade their qualifications and also the possibility of evolution in professional and academic hierarchy. During 1990 to 1996, the Department of Education of Primary Education of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki carried out a program of simulation of degrees from which 300 teachers were graduated, while during the period 1997 - 2006 more than 5.500 teachers were graduated on the whole. The current research concerns the period November 2005 - January 2006, with a sample of 1.000 teachers from the 2.957 that attended the program of simulation in this period. It was concerned as necessary to begin with a primary research. We used the method of structured interview by means of "closed type" questionnaire. For the data analysis we used the statistical program S.P.S.S.14.0. The researchs results give an interesting view of the value of continuing education through the academic upgrade of skills of teachers and investigate the opinions of teachers about the necessity of the program of simulation of degrees, the reasons that prompted them to participate and their satisfaction from the way of organisation by the Department of Pedagogy of Primary Education of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
126 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries PERCEIVED COGNITIVE, EMOTIONAL AND PERSONAL DIFFICULTIES OF THE ADULT LEARNERS AT THE SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL MARIA PLATSIDOU, AIKATERINI SIPITANOU This study concerns with adult learners who have decided to go back to school and complete their secondary level education. It aims to investigate the difficulties they have, as they perceive them, in their effort to finish school while they are holding a job or raising a family. These difficulties may relate to cognitive, emotional or personal matters and, if they are intense, they can be responsible for hindering or delaying their effort to finish school. To pursue this aim, 163 adult learners (aged 19 to 68 years) were asked to fill out a self-report questionaire. Our results showed that the adult learners focus more on their positive attitutes towards education rather on their difficulties. Also, their learning process is greatly affected by their perceived ability of adjustment in the school settings. Also, age, gender and marital status differences have been investigated in the adult learners attitudes towards learning. Finally, it was found that the adult learners who perceived themselves as highly intelligent, reported more positive attititues towards learning as well as a higher ability of adjustment. FURTHER EDUCATION AND EMANCIPATIVE LITERACY: STUDY OF AN INNOVATIVE EXAMPLE IN GREECE MARIA BONTILA, VASILIOS DAGDILELIS The new approach to literacy focuses more on increasing peoples ability to think, to create and to question the dominant institutions and discourses. This literacy, whose aim is the individuals emancipation, leads to particular social practices making the person an active critic in their daily life. Within this framework, a multiple innovative programme is presented in this study, which took place in Greece in the past year. The programme was innovative not only in its institutional framework of implementation but also in its applied teaching method as well as its content. Titled and funded by the European Union, it was implemented in all the VTs around the country (VT = Institute of Vocational Training). The programmes objective was to promote equality between the sexes in both the family environment and the labour market. Its positive action aimed to acquire a social literacy, which can function as a means of liberation for both sexes, changing the balance of power and opportunities.
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INITIAL TEACHER EDUCATION IN THE CURRICULA OF TERTIARY EDUCATION OF GREECE MICHAIL GEORGIADIS
The purpose of this paper is to examine critically the curricula of University and non University Schools that educate prospective secondary teachers. Curricula are analyzed from the point of view of continuing professional training. Within this context, the main concern is the relationship between the theoretical element (subject and pedagogical knowledge) and the practical element (applied Pedagogy), as well as the relationship between the taught element and teaching practice. This study is a follow-up effort and tries to ask the question whether there has been a change since 1997, when the previous study was carried out and it was found that the professional- pedagogical element was underestimated in qualitative and quantitative terms. In 1997, the state established the success in a written examination following graduation, as a prerequisite for the appointment in a teaching post. The task of the present paper is therefore to find out whether there has been an impact of this measure on teacher education curricula, as well as changes in order to prepare prospective teachers properly. The findings suggest that initial education of teachers is far from being a basis for their continuing professional training and that the contradiction between the training of general education teachers and technical education teachers still exists. Therefore, a source of malfunction in the education system still remains.
EVALUATION OF THE PRACTICUM PROJECT, CARRIED OUT BY THE STUDENTS WHO SPECIALIZE IN CONTINUING EDUCATION ANASTASTIA A. PAMPOURI, EVDOKIA MITROPOULOU The subject of the present paper is the evaluation of the practicum project, carried out by the students who specialize in Continuing Education at the Department of Educational and Social Policy of the University of Macedonia, Greece. Evaluation was based on evidence collected from specially designed questionnaires which were given to students who completed their practicum in the following three academic years: 2004 -05, 2005-06 and 2006-07. Evaluation has an internal formative nature, aiming mainly at investigating different aspects of the practicum curriculum, such as the extent to which its objectives were fulfilled, the adequacy of time duration, the suitability of the practicum content and the co-operating bodies, the extend to which students expectations were fulfilled, the degree of students satisfaction derived from their co-operation with the University team assisting the practicum project and the co-operating bodies.
128 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries LIFELONG GUIDANCE & COUNSELING: INSTITUTIONS AND SERVICES OF ADULT GUIDANCE IN GREECE IOANNA PAPAVASSILIOU The aim of this contribution is two-fold: (a) to define the field and show the necessity of lifelong Guidance and Counseling (b) to describe the institutions and their services towards specific adult groups in our country. Services addressed to disadvantaged groups of adults (e.g. immigrants, refugees, under-privileged women groups) will be given special attention. These services aim to facilitate labor market inclusion and confront social exclusion. EXPERIENCES, PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES FOR COMPREHENSIVENESS IN EDUCATION IN THE PRE-SCOOL AND ELEMENTARY SYSTEM MARGARITA HIDO Human societies have always been dealing with handicapped individuals and different attitudes towards them. Nowadays, the policy of abandonment and negligence has been replaced by the policy of admittance and comprehensiveness. Comprehensive education involves an educative system, in which pupils in special needs are educated in common schools near their place of living, in the same classes with their friends of the same age, in an education that realizes their possibilities and fulfills their individual needs. For these the following must be established: Comprehensive culture (acceptance by all that each individual has the right to be evaluated and become successful); Comprehensive policies (state education policies must support comprehensiveness); Comprehensive practices and strategies (adaptation of the curricula, the use of various forms of the organization of the lesson, the creation of stimulation environments of learning, etc.) The basis of all these efforts is the thought that pupils are different from one another and they must be evaluated for their diversity, and that the quality of the work in the classes shall be improved if handicapped pupils are involved in them.
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ASPECTS OF ENVIROMENTAL EDUCATION DURING THE WHOLE LIFE SELFO ORUI The climatic changes, global warming, threatened biodiversity, pollution, alternative energies, the need for more natural resources, etc, will require the information of the public and the growth of its environmental education. The evolution of knowledge and the adaptation with the new conditions of environment will require the renovation of literature at school and changes in the lifestyle. Education will involve all age-groups with their specifications and according to their level of access to environment. Teachers will need constant qualification. NGO-s will play their role in the information of the public and its protection from the state and capital abuses. Environmental education will be more specific for the local authorities, the state administration, the bank creditors, environmental specialists, hunters, forest guardians, medicinal plants collectors, etc. Environmental education will be realized through the school system, through audio-video, the addition of publications in protected zones, NGO-s, promotions of environmental constancy, as well as the direct participation of the public in environmental projects. The role of the state will be essential in the drawing of environmental legislation, in long-term and consistent policies, in strategic environmental evaluations and the stimulation of eco-economy. TRAINING NEEDS OF TEACHERS IN GREECE DIMITRIOS GOUDIRAS SOFIA POLYCHRONOPOULOU In our proposal, we present the results of an empirical research which was conducted in Autumn 2007. The research involved a sample of 326 teachers of primary and secondary education from certain regions of Greece. The aim of the research was to illustrate through a questionnaire- the types of deviant behavior and the crises that teachers encounter in their schools. The methods, strategies and means that teachers use to handle crises are also recorded. Moreover, the research traces the needs of teachers for knowledge acquisition and skill development through occupational training and support programs. The results of the research are important as they indicate content areas for teacher training programs.
130 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE INSTITUTION OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING INSTITUTES IN GREECE (1992-2008) DIMITRIOS PH. CHARALAMPOUS, ELISABET PAVLIDOU The present paper reviews the implementation and evolution of a novel institution, that of Vocational Training Institutes [VTI (IEK)], which were established in 1992 by the government at the time, of New Democracy. VTI have emerged to fill in a significant gap, existing between Senior High-school and Tertiary Education. More concisely, the candidates who failed to enter university, had to choose from three pathways: a) studying at universities abroad, a phenomenon closely related to two at least, drawbacks: exportation of large amounts of exchange out of the country and studying at low status universities b) studying at domestic private post-secondary schools offering educational services of doubtful quality, not-recognised by the state or the market and c) they rested on high-school diploma, having as a result, being untrained workers, to meet difficulties in finding a job. Since all three choices were judged both by the state and various social bodies for different reasons each - as negative outcomes, VTI have been implemented to provide vocational training and a getaway mainly to this large part of secondary education graduates. Following the presentation of the implementation and evolution of VTI until today, their operational framework as well as their particular characteristics, we will attempt an answer to the question whether VTI have effectively filled in the existing gap and, of course, to which extent they meet the real needs of the population they address to, of the economy and of the job market. FAULTY INTONATION OF NONNATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHERS REQUIRING FURTHER EDUCATION MEHMET DEMREZEN
The three important ingredients of foreign language learning in terms of speech are intelligibility, accuracy, and fluency in intonation. Intonation is a collective term that consists of stress, juncture, and pitch, whose inadequate mastery gives a foreign accent full of to the nonnative teachers. Students hold negative attitudes towards the learning situation if the teacher intonation is faulty. In this presentation, the faulty question intonation of 40 Turkish English teachers will be tested through a listening comprehension diagnostic test by using sample question intonation patterns in sentences. It will be claimed that faulty intonation is the weakest side of the nonnative Turkish English teachers who are deadly in need of intonation rehabilitation via further education in intonation.
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SEMIOTIC ASPECTS OF CULTURE SMAL FIRAT ALTAY The three important ingredients of foreign language learning in terms of speech are intelligibility, accuracy, and fluency in intonation. Intonation is a collective term that consists of stress, juncture, and pitch, whose inadequate mastery gives a foreign accent full of to the nonnative teachers. Students hold negative attitudes towards the learning situation if the teacher intonation is faulty. In this presentation, the faulty question intonation of 40 Turkish English teachers will be tested through a listening comprehension diagnostic test by using sample question intonation patterns in sentences. It will be claimed that faulty intonation is the weakest side of the nonnative Turkish English teachers who are deadly in need of intonation rehabilitation via further education in intonation. EUROPEAN TOOLS FOR LIFELONG LEARNING AND LIFELONG MOBILITY IRENE PSIFIDOU The three important ingredients of foreign language learning in terms of speech are intelligibility, accuracy, and fluency in intonation. Intonation is a collective term that consists of stress, juncture, and pitch, whose inadequate mastery gives a foreign accent full of to the nonnative teachers. Students hold negative attitudes towards the learning situation if the teacher intonation is faulty. In this presentation, the faulty question intonation of 40 Turkish English teachers will be tested through a listening comprehension diagnostic test by using sample question intonation patterns in sentences. It will be claimed that faulty intonation is the weakest side of the nonnative Turkish English teachers who are deadly in need of intonation rehabilitation via further education in intonation.
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POSTER PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS
MISCONCEPTIONS AND THEIR DIAGNOSIS WITH MULTIPLE-TIER TESTS DERYA KALTAKCI Conceptions and reasoning in science, mathematics and other disciplines have been studied over the last decades. In order to measure conceptions different diagnostic tools have been developed and used such as; interviews, multiple choice tests, and multiple-tier tests (two-tier tests and three-tier tests). Among these tools, interviews have advantages as flexibility and obtaining indepth information; but can be conducted on limited number of individuals. Multiple choice tests can be administered to a large number of individuals; but cannot investigate the students' responses deeply. In order to compensate the limitations of interviews and the ordinary multiple choice tests in diagnosing students' conceptions, researchers extended multiple choice tests into two or three-tier tests. In this study a new classification in diagnosing misconceptions with a three-tier test will be presented. Different from the previous studies with three-tier tests, in this classification scientific choice in the test with nonscientific explanation is also classified as misconception. This new classification with multiple-tier tests would be beneficial in diagnosing student misconceptions in post secondary education research.
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FROM LEARNING TO TEACHING: AN EXAMPLE OF METHODS OF SCIENCE TEACHING COURSE DERYA KALTAKCI The main aim of Methods of Science Teaching course is to help prospective teachers to grasp the general teaching methods as applied to science teaching. At the end of the course the prospective teachers are expected to gain the necessary theoretical knowledge about the special teaching methods for science and have the ability to apply this theoretical knowledge into practice in their teaching practices. In order to ensure these objectives two sequential courses of Methods of Science Teaching I and II in Middle East Technical University modified and have been conducted within a new approach for the last six semesters. In this new approach the course has been divided into basically three parts as; theoretical, modeling, and microteaching parts. In the first theoretical part, the teaching methods and strategies in the scope of the course are discussed with its related theoretical information. In modeling part, based on the observational learning and internal processing of modeled behavior theory of Albert Bandura, prospective teachers are provided with example science lessons on each specific teaching method within the course scope by research assistants. In the final part of the course, short microteaching activities in teaching science concepts with specific teaching methods are performed by the prospective teachers. This new approach in the course provides both theoretical and practical knowledge in teaching methods through different ways for prospective teachers. In the present study, this new approach in Methods of Science Teaching course will be presented as an example model.
134 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries CANDIDATE TEACHERS' PERCEIVED MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES ZGEN KORKMAZ, RT YEL, DAVUT AYDIN The purpose of this study is to determine candidate teachers' perceived multiple intelligence profiles. Findings of the study can be used to guide and improve teacher training programs in accordance with students' perceived abilities. The study will seek answers to the following specific research questions: 1. What is the distribution of types of intelligences among candidate teachers? 2. On what types of intelligences do candidate teachers score higher/lower? 3. Do students' perceived multiple intelligence profiles differ according to their field of study? 4. Does candidate teachers' training at the Faculty of Education lead to any significant changes in their perceived multiple intelligences? The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 400 students attending to several departments in the Faculty of Education at the Ahi Evran University, Krsehir-Turkey. The "Perceived Multiple Intelligence Form," which is being developed by the researchers for the purpose of this study, will be used for data collection. At the present, data collection for testing of the form's psychometric properties is underway. Upon completion of data collection, factor analysis will be used and Cronbach alpha coefficients will be determined. Data analyses will consist of calculation of frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations and Pearson correlation coefficients and use of t-test, OneWay analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe's test. The significance level will be p<.05 for all the analyses. Findings, discussion of the results and recommendations for future research will be articulated upon completion of the study.
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A REFLECTION OF PRESERVICE TEACHERS ON E-PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT HASAN TINMAZ, LKER YAKIN

E-portfolio is one of the newest evaluation techniques for new learning environments in which students show their artifacts, products and projects as an indication of their functional learning. This study was conducted in the course Teaching Methods I for third year university students (N=42). Students were expected to deliver an e-portfolio on their personal web-pages in which they published their assignments, a unit plan, their presentations, CV and the other things that they want to add. At the last three weeks of semester, they prepared an e-portfolio web site to upload all these materials. Before they had started to prepare e-portfolios, they were provided with some open-ended questions to ask their views about e-portfolios including the purpose of e-portfolios and the differences with respect to other web sites, their predictions about producing e-portfolios and its usage in schools, and so on. At the end of the semester, they were given similar questions to collect their experiences about design and development of the e-portfolio process. Data will be scrutinized qualitatively and recommendations in relation to analysis, design and development of e-portfolio systems will be produced.
ACTIVE LEARNING AS A STRATEGY FOR LIFELONG LEARNING: A CASE STUDY FROM THE FIELD OF BIOLOGY HASAN TINMAZ
This study aims to evaluate the results of active learning strategies in a European Union project called Project for the Professional Development of Biologists (PPDB) which aimed to minimize the inequality with respect to training and information provided for the biologists by seventy-two training Biology Education Programs in universities. There were several tracks within the project and this paper focuses only on Educational Technology track which included 32 biologists (27 female, 5 male). Participants attended the 50-hour training (27 hour theoretical, 23 hour application) in five weekends. Moreover, to delineate the affective development of participants, several questionnaires and inventories were implemented. This paper mainly focuses on the active learning aspect of the training which was the one of the major teaching/learning strategy during the entire training. For this study, two instruments were utilized. One of the instruments was How Was the Class Today? questionnaire measuring the five constructs which are literally signs of active learning. This questionnaire was implemented at the end of each training day. Second instrument is the Course Evaluation Form to evaluate the training from four different dimensions; content, materials, instructors and teaching methods. By using those data, basic statistics, reliability and correlation analyses and multiple regression analysis were conducted. According to the results, active learning strategies were preferred by the participants. Throughout the paper, detailed study results and interpretation will be explained.
136 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries A RESEARCH ON THE EXAMINATION OF OPINIONS ABOUT GAMES OF FATHERS HAVING CHILDREN BETWEEN THE AGES OF 3 AND 6 DEVLET ALAKO PIRPIR, RUKYE KONUK ER In this research, the opinions about playing of fathers who have children in the 3-6 age-group, which is in the early childhood period, have been examined in terms of some variables. In this research which is in the scanning model, a relational scanning have been done between the dependent and independent variables. While the scope of the research consists of the fathers from the city of Konya, the sample group consists of fathers from Konya who have children between the ages of 3 and 6. The dependent variable of the research is the opinions related to playing. The independent variables are educational status and age of the father, socio-economic status of the family, gender of the child and structure of the family. The opinions of the fathers about playing are determined through the questionnaire form which has been developed on purpose by the researchers and which has two sections, and The Parent Play Beliefs Scale (PPSS) which has been developed by Fogle and Mendez. The average of scores collected from the questionnaire and scale is going to be determined by using related statistical techniques and the results are going to be discuss in the congress environment.
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EDUCATIONAL IDEOLOGIES AND CURRICULUM CHANGE: TEACHERS PERSPECTIVES TUBA NUR YILDIRIM, ERCAN KRAZ In Turkey, there has been a recent nation-wide curriculum change in the primary and elementary school levels and there are some concerns about the proper application of the curriculum. When some demographic characteristics such as the total number of the elementary school teachers, 370.316, working in state schools at these levels, and teaching approximately 10.346.509 students of Turkish Elementary schools are considered, the importance of proper implementation of the program will be better understood. As the literature in this area has revealed that most of the implementation problems of a new curriculum stem from the teachers resistance to the changes in their classrooms. Therefore, it is important to find out the reasons that hamper the teachers from implementing the new program. The purpose of this study is to underline the reasons behind teacher resistance to the new program change from the philosophical view point. Research questions guided this study are: What are the educational ideologies of the elementary teachers? What do they think about the recent curriculum change in Turkey? Is there a relationship between their educational ideologies and their attitudes towards curriculum change? This study provides evidence that the resistance such as teachers lack of knowledge about the new program, their conception of program as threats to their professions, their attitudes towards or emotions and beliefs about the new curriculum, but they do not provide a broader frame for the reasons that shape the teachers attitudes towards curriculum change.
138 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries PERCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS TEACHERS ABOUT THE COMPLEMENTARY MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION APPROACHES LKE ALIKAN, SEYT AHMET KIRAY, FTNAT KAPTAN
Assessment can be effective in teaching and learning environments by using multiple measurement and evaluation approaches, methods and techniques for getting knowledge from learners what they have learned in different periods (Arter, 1995). Using both process and product based assessment is effective for improving higher order skills of students. In this study, science and technology teachers perceptions were taken about the complementary measurement and evaluation approaches and their applications in classroom environments. Qualitative research methodology was used for this study. Six open-ended questions were asked to teachers in a semi-structural interview environment. Totally six from two elementary schools in Ankara were participated this study. Transcribes of the interview records were coded and categorized in meaning thema. Content analysis was used as a qualitative data analysis technique. It is expected that the results of the study will give useful implications for measurement and evaluation experts and teachers in different fields especially science and mathematics.
PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT COURSE: REALITIES AND EXPECTATIONS ZLEM TOKGZ, ERCAN KRAZ
Perceptions towards Classroom Management Course: Realities and Expectations Classroom Management is one of the most essential pedagogical courses for prospective teachers professional skills toward their teaching credential. It is a well known fact that among many aspects of teaching profession in applying management skills, teachers face with difficulties transforming the knowledge gained during their undergraduate program. Discrepancy between the real classroom environments practical demands and the theoretical implementation of the course content make the classroom management course more vital. The central question is: What kind of classroom management course should be designed that prospective teachers do not have difficulty to transform their theoretical or practical knowledge to the real classroom environment? This study aims to improve classroom management course and provide prospective teachers opportunities to develop their professional skills from various aspects. Three research questions to investigate the answers are; Does Classroom Management Course meet the expectations of the prospective teachers in reality? What are the teachers perceptions about Classroom Management Course offered in their undergraduate program? What are the inspectors ideas about the classroom management qualification of the teachers they observed? The findings of this study provide important contributions to both preservice and in-service training programs. Prospective teachers expecting the course that is mostly practical, enabling learners to actively participate in the class activities, including case-based learning methods, and examples from real life classroom environment.
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AN EVALUATION OF PRINCIPALS EFFECTIVENESS AS THE LEADER OF GUIDANCE SERVICES AT SCHOOLS MUSTAFA YAVUZ, FATH YILMAZ, MURAT NAL, ADEM KK It is thought that school principals have a significant role in the guidance services carried out at their schools. According to the 29th article of school guidance services regulations, school principals assemble school guidance services implementation committee, and he or she presides the committee. In accordance with the regulations, the school principal has some roles in the administration of guidance services, and the school guidance services implementation committee consists of the members stated below: 1. School principal assistants, 2. Guidance counselors, 3. Selected by the principal, classroom guidance counselors from each grades, 4. Selected by the principal, a representative from the members of discipline committee, 5. A teacher from the parent-teacher association. The study universe consists of principals working in Konya and Aksaray provinces in 2007-2008 educational year. The research is carried out in general survey type. During the research, the roles given to school principals by the school guidance services regulations have been determined and a Likert questionnaire consisting of five levels has been developed considering the outline of the school guidance services regulations. Afterwards, the questionnaire has been given to the members of the committee to be filled in. The data analysis process has still been going on using SPSS 14.0
140 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries FACTORS INFLUENCING THE RETURN OF SCHOOL PRINCIPLES TO TEACHING POSITION AYSUN ERGNER, FATH KSE According to the existing practice in Turkish Education System, teachers can be assigned as school principles. Now that school principles are selected among teachers, they are trained in the teacher training system. The trainings concerning school administration are provided following the teacher training. Assignment of the people with right qualification and skills in the education organizations is crucial for the achievement of the predetermined objectives (Cunningham and Cordeiro, 2000: 291). The level of motivation in the individuals in charge is reflected to the quality of the education provided in the schools (Shen, Cooley and Smith, 1999). The teachers who preferred to be a principal return to the position of teaching due to various reasons, such as the overwhelming workload (Zeitoun and Newton, 2002) or unfilled expectations. It is believed that their disappointment and insufficiently filled expectations dominate the causes of this return. This study aims at determining the reasons why teachers give up their administrative positions, illuminating various malfunctions in the system and offering solutions to the problems. The study is a descriptive one designed with qualitative research methods. Chain sampling method, among the purposeful sampling methods, will be used in determining the sampling of the study (Yldrm ve imek, 2004). Interviews will be made to collect data, while content analysis will be applied for the analysis of the data. The reasons why the teachers leave their administrative position will be determined with semi-constructed interview method. Encoding will be performed on the base of the responses given by the teachers to the interview question and the concepts which may explain the data will be associated with each other. Around the main theme which will be formed as a result of the association made, the reasons why the teachers leave their administrative position will be interpreted and its outcomes in terms of education management, theory and practice will be discussed.
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TEACHER CANDIDATES VIEWS ABOUT KPSS COURSES SBEL KARAKELLE, KENAN DEMR, BEHSAT SAVA The main aim of this study was to determine the contribution of private KPSS courses to the individual and proffessional development of teacher candidates. Teacher candidates attend these courses to enhance and add to their university education. It is observed that the primary aim of teacher candidates, graduated from Education and Science-Literature Faculties, is to work in public schools as a permenant or contractual teachers. In total 205 433 teacher candidates took the (2007) KPSS10 examination last year. Data for the study was collected by means of questionaire survey. The survey was taken by 774 teacher candidates attending KPSS courses in Ankara between January-June in 2007. The intial stage of questionaire desing incorporated views from 35 students taking KPSS courses about the subject. First design phase had 42 questions as part of the questionare which was later changed to 36 after expert comments. The key intention of the 33 questions out of 36 is to determine the views about KPSS courses and whereas other 3 questions are meant to collect individual data. Apart from expert comments , 14 students preapring for the KPSS examination were asked to give suggestions which were later incorporated in the final design, these 14 students were taking exam in another city. It was found out that the reliability coefficient was Alpha:0,855 after the application of questionare. Percentage, frequency, arithmetic average, standard deviation and independent t test were used in the study. It was concluded from the study that teacher candidates approached the examination negatively and were greatly stressed about KPSS examination. When the comparison of teacher candidates views about the exam was carried out according to independent t test, logical differences were recognized according to the gender variable in 11 items, according to the situation of whether they entered the exam or not in 3 items, and according to the situation of being graduated or last graders in 4 items.
142 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries A STUDY ON EXPLANATIONS OF CONCEPTS IN TURKISH SECONDARY BIOLOGY TEXTBOOKS MUSA DKMENL, OSMAN ARDAK
Because of the technology and laboratory possibilities insufficiency and teachercentred teaching strategies in developing countries textbooks are coming into prominence more. From this point of view, it has been thought that analysing the characteristics of explanations used in secondary biology textbooks in Turkey will be beneficial for educators. The aim of this study is to analyse the types of explanations used in secondary biology textbooks in Turkey and to investigate how these explanations were configured. In this study, three biology textbooks recommended by Ministry of Education in Turkey to be used in high schools have been investigated. Document examination technique has been used in this research. Through the aim of the study, each textbook taken under examination have been read at least twice, from the beginning till the end. The types of explanations have been categorized according to the criteria for classification of explanations developed by Mamiala & Treagust (2003). Explanations determined in the books have been classified according to criteria such as nature of explanation, presentational format, condition, meaning making and style of the explanation. The results have shown that the explanations of biological concepts mostly have been configured as structural, pictorial-verbal, and concrete-abstract. The results have been compared with literature knowledge and suggestions have been developed.
TEACHERS QUALIFICATIONS IN TURKISH EDUCATION FACULTIES SELAHATTN ARSLAN, LKNUR ZPINAR

For according the developing in education, the old education programs have been reviewed and put into practice after revision. Serious changes were done in our education system with new curricula according to required individual qualifications. As known, education process includes three basic components as teacher, student, and education. When the interaction among these three components is considered, the effect of teacher seems to be more striking. So, it is necessary to state that teacher training is very important and education faculties have great responsibilities in teacher training. On the line with these, the aim of this study is to determine whether the qualifications required from teachers by the new elementary school programs prepared fit in the general teacher qualifications of pre-service teachers in education faculties. These qualifications are searched in three categories. Qualifications related: to teachers individual and professional improvement, to teaching and learning process, to measurement and assessment. Semi structured interviews were carried out with 18 senior students in a university. Data were analyzed by using NVivo7. At the end of the study it is determined that pre-service teachers are educated-as some of the qualifications are not enough like assessment and computer based teaching-provided with the other qualifications.
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LABORATORY APPLICATION IN THE EDUCATION FACULTIES IN LECTURERS VIEW NESL KALA, HAYDAR YKSEK, ALPAA AYAS Since the students of science learn the subjects related with their lessons in the laboratories practicing, and since all of their sense organs are active during the laboratory activities, the subjects learnt cannot be forgotten easily. Laboratory lessons are vital importance in the understanding and permanence of the subjects related with science. So, it is essential that student teachers should acquire laboratory skills before their education has been completed. This study has been carried out in order to determine whether laboratories physical conditions and laboratory applications in the science teaching program of education faculties are enough or not to get laboratory skills to science student teachers. The study has been carried out using the method of case study with 45 faculty members from 16 education faculties which study the department of science education in Turkey. The lecturers were carried out a questionnaire composing of open ended and multiple choice questions. As a result of the study, it is determined that laboratories physical conditions in the education faculties and laboratory applications are partly enough. It is proposed that physical conditions of science laboratories in the education faculties should be improved and in the departments of Science Education, laboratory applications should be increased. Also the number of the lecturers guiding the teacher students in the laboratories should be increased so that student teacher can acquire these qualifications. EFFCIENCY OF IN-SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAMS IN TURKEY ATLA YILDIRIM This research aims to evaluate the expectations and satisfaction level of teachers, principals and supervisors from both local and central in-service training programs organized by the ministry of education in Turkey, and the efficiency of these programs. The study population consists of graduate students attending the department of Educational Administration, Supervision, Planning and Economy with and without a thesis at Selcuk University. The data has been collected through open ended questions developed by the researcher and analyzed using content analysis technique. The researcher has also made suggestions considering the outcomes of the research.
144 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE OCCUPATIONAL NEEDS OF STUDENT ADVISOR ADVISERS THAT WORK FOR SCHOOLS IN TRUKEY UNDER THE UMBRELLA OF MINISTRY OF NATIONAL EDUCATION NURTEN SARGIN, HABB HAMURCU, BERNA ETNKAYA, BAHADIR BOZOLAN In this study, occupational needs of student advisor advisers that work for schools in Turkey under the umbrella of ministry of national education have been tried to be discovered. It has been aimed to find out the needs of student advisor advisers. The qualitative research technique has been used to analyse the data in the study. In order to collect the data, student advisor advisers that have worked in 2007-2008 have been the samplings of this study. The data that have been gathered are being analysed. THE EFFECT OF TURKISH AND GREEK LEGENDS ON STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS ABOUT PUNISHMENT F. BELGN TANRIVERD, HLYA EVRME, YILDIZ ZTAN ULUSOY A legend is a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place within human history and to possess certain qualities that give the tale verisimilitude. A legend is a story, that is probably about someone that did exist but has been twisted to seem more interesting and fascinating. This story is passed down generation to generation and it affects understanding of people in that society. A modern folklorist's professional definition of legend was proposed by Timothy R. Tangherlini in 1990: "Legend, typically, is a short (mono-) episodic, traditional, highly ecotypified, historicized narrative performed in a conversational mode, reflecting on a psychological level a symbolic representation of folk belief and collective experiences and serving as a reaffirmation of commonly held values of the group to whose tradition it belongs." The purpose of this study is to analyze Turkish and Greek legends considering Jung's archetypes in terms of perceptions of students about the concept, "punishment". At the end of the study, one can conclude that how legends and protagonists in legends affect students and their understandings. This interdisciplinary and ongoing experimental study is conducted with university level students. Some recommendations will be developed at the end of the research.
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THE IDEAS OF THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TEACHERS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACTIVE LEARNING METHOD SEL YILDIRIM, HAMDE BODUR, F. BANU DERN The aim of this study is determining the ideas about the implementation of the active learning method that used by Science and Technology Teachers in Ankara, Glba district. The study will be a qualitative research in which semistructured questionnaire will be conducted on different school in the Glba. The foundings will be analyzed and the results of the study will direct the implementers of active learning in the future. SECONDARY SCHOOLS TEACHERS PERCEPTIONS RELATED TO THE NEW SECONDARY MATHEMATICS SCHOOL PROGRAM FLZ TUBA DKKARTIN VEZ, SEVN MERT UYANGR All students should achieve the targets which are aimed in a program in order to be assumed it as a succesful program, but it is not possible everytime. So an evaulation of a program should be required in order to determine whether there is something which is defective or there is something which is going wrong or not and to correct where is necessary. (Demirel,2007). Bloom argues that it is impossible to decide about the teaching situation without evaulation and points out that that whether the changes which are assigned by the aims become or not, if it does, collecting the supporting documents of the realization degree and judgement should be required. National Education Ministry put into practice the Secondary Mathematics Program which was prepared on the basis of national and international investigations done on mathematics education, mathemetics education programs of developed countries and experience of mathemathics education in our country . It is essential to be an active participant while learning Mathematics as a student in this program. In this research it is aimed to determine the teachers views with regard to Secondary Mathematics Program which is put into practice in 2005-2006 Education year. In the research, new mathematics program which is applied in 9th, 10th and 11th grades in secondary school in central Balkesir is going to be evaulated by the teachers views. Literature review and information form is going to be used as a data obtained application. Teachers views with regard to new mathematics program is going to be evaulated in terms of programs aims, content, learning and teach,n experiences, measurement and evaulation conditions, its efficiency and the problems that teachers confront while applying.
146 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries HIDDEN FACTOR OF SUCCESS IN THE FUTURE MUSIC EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENTS: ERGONOMICS BEGM YALINKAYA Ergonomics is a discipline, which comprises any moment of our lives and which is integrated with humans. The word of Ergonomics that derives from combining the words of Ergo: labour, study and Nomos: rule, law in Greek is used in the meaning of Labour law, Labour rule or Labour science. Providing efficiency and quality for education in the educational establishments has a direct relation with promoting the quality of the educational environment. As an educational environment that is designed in accordance with the basic principals of ergonomics will promote the quality of physical and mental health, this will also influence the quality of the education. In this study, concrete suggestions will be made by describing the ergonomical factors which affect the study environment of division of Music teaching in the universities in Turkey, the problems that students experience due to physical environment and the points requiring attention of both teachers and students in preventing physical environment from influencing education. The study is important in lighting the way for future understanding of education and drawing attention to the ignored concept of ergonomics. In the study, literature search has been conducted in the stage of forming conceptual framework. In the stage of determining the problems of the students arising from physical environment, interview technique will be applied to fifteen students who will be selected and the results of the obtained data which will be analyzed by the software program of NVIVO 8.0 will be discussed.
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AN ANALYSIS OF THE VIEWS OF CANDIDATE CAREGIVERS AND SPECIALISTS ON THE CONTENT OF THE CAREGIVER MOTHERHOOD COURSE ZARFE SEER, NADR ELKZ, FAHR SEER A great majority of the working women in Turkey work due to economic reasons. The womens working brings along certain problems with it. The most of these hardships is the care to be given to the child during the hours when the mother is at work. The search for a caregiver is one of the most difficult experiences for parents. The most important issue to which families should pay attention is the caregiver should be educated and well-informed about child development and education. Today, the importance of educated caregivers who will be able to help working mothers is increasing. Therefore, the present study analyzed the views of the candidate caregivers who are attending caretaker motherhood courses conducted jointly by Konya-Selcuklu Municipality and Selcuk University Faculty of Vocational Education and the specialists conducting the course about the content of the course. In the study, data were collected by using the semi-structured interview method, which is a qualitative research method. The gathered data were discussed and evaluated in the light of the relevant literature. According to the feedback from the candidate caregivers and specialists the content of the programme offered in the caretaker motherhood courses will be reviewed and the programme will be implemented in other provinces. THE LEVEL OF GEOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE FIELD SURVEY ON HIGH EDUCATION: (TRAKYA UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF EDUCATION, PART OF PRIMARY EDUCATION) TUNCAY ZDEMR Development is the steady change that has been occurring since the beginning of existence, and also explains some concepts such as; growth, maturation and background knowledge. The main subject of this research is the presence of pre-efficiencies to be mature and to be able to realize a task. Maturation, skills, learning, interests, motivation, attitudes and judgments would affect background knowledge. The research results revealed that the students did not have adequate background knowledge on Physical, Human and Economic Geography while they were attending a undergraduate program on Training College.
148 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries ATTITUDES OF TEACHER CANDIDATES TOWARDS TEACHING OCCUPATION AND THEIR FIELDS OF STUDY PERHAN NVAR, KAMLE ZER AYTEKN In this research, it was aimed to determine the attitudes of students in Faculty of Education at Selcuk University towards teaching occupation and their field of study and whether these attitudes change according to various variables or not. The sample of the research was composed of 250 students ramdomly selected from Selcuk University. In the research, firstly, by using singular survey method, statistics determining the attitude points of students of different departments towards teaching occupation and their own fields of study were included. Furthermore, it was researched whether their attitudes towards teaching occupation and their fields of study change or not according to variables such as gender, the school of graduation, order of preference, monthly income of the family and field of study. The results showed that their attitudes changed according to the variables of gender and the field of study. Female students attitudes were more positive than male students attitudes. The students attitudes towards their field of study, who study at the fields with higher rates of being appointed as a teacher, is more positive. It was found out that while the students who come from low-income families think more positively about teaching occupation, the students who were grown up in high-income families think more negatively about teaching occupation. In conclusion, it was found out that the students attitudes towards teaching occupation and their fields of study change according to variables such as gender, field of study and monthly income of the family.
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GOAL ORIENTATION, DIVERSE TALENTS AND WAYS OF LEARNING OF THE STUDENTS ABAN ETN, FLZ ETN, YCEL GELL, BRAHM KISA The purpose of this research is to investigate goal orientation, diverse talents and way of learning of the university students with respect to gender. The sample of the research is consisted of 500 university students recruited from several schools of Gazi University. A student inventory was prepared by the researchers to collect data about goal orientation, diverse talents and way of learning of the university students. Results indicated that there are significant differences between female and male students goal orientation behaviors. Female students significantly more active on setting personal goals for learning in their courses, trying to get clear information about their instructors goals, doing additional unassigned work to reach their learning goals, trying to achieve their best in each class and using all the resources on campus that are pertinent to their courses. Findings about diverse talents and ways of learning of the students indicated that there is also significant difference between female and male students on diverse talents and ways learning. Female students more share information about themselves and how they learn most effectively, show more respect to students with different backgrounds and levels of learning, and open to considering ideas that are different than theirs. Also, female university students more consciously adjust their learning style to adjust to teaching practices of their professors than male students.
150 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries RELATION BETWEEN JUSTICE PERCEPTION AND PERCEPTION OF CONFIDENCE IN SCHOOL OF SECONDARY SCHOOL VICE-DIRECTORS SONER POLAT, CEVAT CELEP The aim of this study is to determine the perception levels of secondary school vice directors towards organizational justice and organizational trust and establish their inter-relations. This research of descriptional nature covers vice directors working in educational institutions in the school year of 2006-2007; work area of the study covers vice directors from 1683 secondary schools in 14 provinces (two provinces selected from each geographical region) and samples cover 417 vice directors randomly selected from these provinces. Justice perception of the vice presidents towards their schools was measured by organizational justice scale improved by Niehoff and Moorman (1993) and organizational trust scale improved by Daboval, Comish and Swindle, and Gaster (1994). The correlation and regression coefficeients were looked into during data analyses. It was seen that vice direcrors were in positive coordination with respect to organizational justice and trust in school and with their subdimensions. Pricesely, organizational justice is an important factor in vice directors feeling confidence in schools. The best type of justice in interpreting the communication and relations system which constitute the sub dimensions of confidence in school is interractive justice; the most effective type of justice in interpreting school rules and their implementations is distributional justice and the most effective type of justice in explaining confidence in its support is operational justice.
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A STUDY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTIVE ON THE PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION OF THE STUDENTS TAKING UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE EXAMINATION MUHARREM RN, DENZ BYKKILI Making a profession selection means determining the course of your life. This decision -which is one of the most difficult one to make in life-, must be taken by the young people who are experiencing one of the most tempestuous periods of their life. This study aims at analyzing the factors effective on the professional orientation of only the students taking University Entrance Examination (SS). The main aim of the study is to find out the motivations behind the professional orientation of the students taking University Entrance Examination. Observations made before the study point out that millions of young people preparing to take SS do not undergone a healthy professional orientation process. Study universe is composed of the students who are preparing to take SS; who do not have a profession yet and; who are on the point of profession selection. Study universe is composed of all the students preparing to take SS in Central District of Ankara Province and aycuma District of Zonguldak Province. For sample selection purposes, questionnaires have been applied in all the schools and private teaching institutions (which prepare students for SS) in aycuma and two districts of Ankara Mamak and ankaya - have been included in the study. The questionnaire has been applied to 20 people and revised on the basis of the feedbacks given by these 20 people. Information has been collected from the related documents and questionnaire technique has been applied in the scope of the study. Totally 1.016 questionnaire data have been entered into SPSS. Study questionnaire is composed of two types of questions. Cronbach Alfa value of the questions has been measured as 0.69. Face, internal and external validity of the study has been tested. Some basic results can be listed as follows: 1) Although weaker when compared to past, the civil servant image is still important in the eyes of young people; 2) The hypothesis that families strongly orientate their children towards public sector has been refuted; 3) It has been found out that families do not play a dominant leading role in profession selection of their children; 4) Young people give priority to earning money rather than acquiring a profession. It has been observed that they want to get a job rather than acquiring a profession; and 5) Employment opportunities are considered important while selecting the department to be attended in the university.
152 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE WORKPLACE BULLYING WHICH THE EMPLOYEES WORKING IN THE CLEANING WORKS ARE SUBJECT TO WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION NECAT CEMALOLU, PINAR BLASA The aim of this research is to determine the bullying and standard of living which the employees who work as a cleaner at companies come across at the workplace and the strategies to cope with these. The research has been implemented on 125 cleaners who work for a private company at Gazi University. The data collection tool used in the research comprises of 4 separate parts. In the first part there is the personal information, in the second part NAQ, in the third part the strategies of coping with workplace bullying and in the fourth part the personal information of those applying workplace bullying. NAQ (Negative Acts Questionnaire) which has been developed by Einarsen (2002) has been used in the research. Measure of coping with strategies of workplace bullying has been prepared by the research group. In the research, the techniques of analyzing percentage, frequency, arithmetical average, basic correlation and regression have been utilized for the analysis of the data collected. The results have been tested at the level of p<.05. At the end of the research, it has been determined that the cleaners are victims of workplace bullying, and that woman in gender, youths in age, those that are widow/ divorced in marital status, those that have low level of education, those that have great number of children, those who are young in seniority and those who have physical disability are subject to workplace bullying more than the others. Moreover in the research, it has come to the conclusion that the people who are subject to workplace bullying usually show recessive attitudes and that they try to cope with the problems with conventional methods, and generally their data level regarding the strategies of solving problems is low. Thus the results of the research are really significant by means of putting forth many problems that jeopardize the social life of the employees.
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THE EFFECT OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING APPROACH ON THE STUDENT SUCCESS AT THE MATHEMATICS EDUCATION SEVN MERT UYANGR, MEHMET GKTAN VEZ In this study research, the effects of Project Based Learning Approach on the process of teaching mathematics, students attitudes and students opinions about the process were investigated. The study performed in Balkesir Bigadi Vocatinal and Technical Education School. Qantitative and qulatitative methods were used together to display the effect of Project Based Learning Approach on learning process in the study. Project Based Learning Approach in Mathematics course was applied on a circus model, building Smiling Mirrors about Rational Numbers subject, in the direction of this, vocational role distribution was done for students about the study. Before and after the application, an achievement test about Rational Numbers was applied to students as a pre-test and post-test. Also, Attitude Scale towards Mathematics course was applied to students to determine their attitudes towards Mathematics course. T-test and ANOVA were used to analyse the data. The data about the students opinions about the learning process were gathered with the inteview form which was developed by Yurtluk.. Consequently, it is concluded that there is a significant difference between the achievement degree of the control group and the experimental group srudents. Also, at the end of the study no change was seen in the area of students attitudes. When the students opinion on the project was examined, it is concluded that teaching Mathematics with group works is an activity which helps improving students self-confidence and raises students love towards mathematics.
154 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries ORHUN INSCRIPTIONS AS A PROOF OF SENSE OF MORALITY AND HUMANITY IN TURKISH CULTURE GLMSL EMROLU Cultures develop around central thoughts. One of the fields forming this central thought is the thought of humanity. This sense of humanity which is made up of culture s different sources completing each other is one of the most important factors helping us to understand the culture. Current sense of humanity reaches a type of human being that is shaped and idealized with the question: what is human being? This sense is one of the fundamental determinants in every case which is directly or indirectly about human being. Moreover, it has depth and width covering whole life such as rights, duties and responsibilities of humanity, nature of humanity relations, structure and processing of institutions, attitude against object and nature etc. Human being brings forth sense of morality which can be described as a display of the human being. Morality can be accepted as a field in which sense of humanity becomes concrete. It is possible to determine a cultures sense of humanity and morality with the help of its own works. Because of this reason, it is primarily important to study some oldest Turkish works such as Orhun Inscriptions, Kutadgu Bilig, Divn- Lgat-ti Trk, Dede Korkut Stories etc. In this study, sense of humanity and morality in these texts will tried to be determined by analyzing Orhun Inscriptions.
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THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING MATERIALS TO LANGUAGE TEACHING ZMRA ZYEL
This study aims to examine the importance and contribution of English Language Teaching Materials to language teaching. Material development is an important aspect of language teaching.In this study, in addition to examining and explaining some basic teaching materials such as flash cards,audio visual materials ,flannel board, pictures,over head projector,charts and computer cd's we will also try to find the answer of the question " What are the language teaching materials ?" This information is vital for language teachers since almost all teachers . use some kind material to teach a language . To be able to teach to a given group of learners effectively, a language teacher has to know all kinds of materials avaliable in the field.Furthermore, only knowing the materials is not enough for a language teacher ; s/he has to know how to evaluate ,select, and sometimes adapt or develop these materials.Although not all the English language teachers in Turkey become actively in the process of selecting language materials to be used in the institutions where they work, it is still very important for a language teacher to be familiar with these processes. Although using materials,and their evaluation ,selection,adaptation and development in language teaching is very important , it can sometimes be accepted as a neglegted area.
THE REASONS OF PARENTS' DIRECTING THEIR CHILDREN TO PRIVATE COURSES AND THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES DONE IN TRANSITION TO SECONDARY EDUCATION ON STUDENTS' ATTENDING PRIVATE COURSES AL NAL, MURAT NAL, NECAT CEMALOLU The aim of this study is to find out why families need private courses for the education of their children and how the changes done in transition to secondary education affected parents directing their children to private courses. The data have been collected from a group of parents 355 children are between the grades of 4 to 8 at a primary school in Ereli distinct of Konya province. The data have been collected through Parent opinions of private courses questionnaire. According to the data, parents do not direct their children to private courses thinking that children not attending private courses can not succeed in examinations carried out before attending secondary schools. Moreover, the fact that the changes done in 2007-2008 educational year which necessitates three separate examinations at 6, 7 and 8 grades caused families not to direct their children to private courses as of the grades of 4 and 5.
156 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries STUDENTS APPROACHES ABOUT PROOF IN MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICS TEACHING SAVA BATRK, ZGE MANTU, HAKAN COGUN
Mathematicians and mathematics educators consider proof to be an important mathematical activity. The aim of this study is to find out students approaches about proof in mathematics and mathematics teachings. A questionnaire composed of 5-point Likert-type questions was used in order to gather data. The questions were prepared in the light of the literature-review and the discussion with mathematician and mathematics educators. The sample of the study included 73 students from the department of Elementary and Secondary mathematics Education in Ataturk Education Faculty of Marmara University in 2007-2008 academic year. The reliability coefficient of the Likert-type questions was calculated as 0.722 (Cronbachs Alpha). After the analysis of students answers to the questionnaire, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 students. These students were selected among research group based on the theoretical sampling (Mason, 1996). The results have revealed that the students think that mathematical proof has an important place in mathematics and mathematics education. Besides, the students said that because of the process of preparing entrance examination of university in high school and dershane (the Turkish counterpart of cram schools) they have a lot of difficulties in the lessons requiring to use mathematical proofs e.g., abstract mathematics, analysis and liner algebra.
PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS CONCEPTIONS ABOUT THE USING OF THE SOFTWARE CABRI IN GEOMETRY AND MATHEMATICS TEACHING SAVA BATRK, ERSN ESER, SEDAT DOAN
Cabri geometry is a dynamical software that offers an environment in which it is possible to construct and manipulate objects geometry. The fact that it proposes an interactive environment and that would make applications whose production is very difficult and takes a lot of time in an environment paper pencil makes this software very important in mathematics and geometry teaching. It is very important that pre-service teachers are trained to adapt in the use of new technologies in their courses. The aim of this study is to identify pre-service teachers conceptions about the using of the software Cabri in geometry and mathematics teaching. Interested in this reflection, we administered a questionnaire composed 5-point Likert-type questions with 40 students from the department of Secondary mathematics Education in Marmara University and semi-structured interviews with 6 students. The working Cabri was presented and students were trained to make geometrical and mathematical applications using it during one semester. Our principal findings were that pre-service students think that they have difficulties in preparing the well-qualified activities with Cabri for classroom because of the process of preparing entrance examination of university. Students especially emphasize the visualization property of Cabri and indicate that their lack of technical knowledge about the software appears as a barrier to better integrating it to their lesson.
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TEACHER STRESS AMONG HIGH-SCHOOL TEACHERS ZEYNEP KIZILTEPE

Teacher occupational stress has become a major topic of research because it is believed that teaching presents higher levels of stress than observed for many other professions with teachers expending a great deal of physical, emotional, and spiritual energy to do their jobs well. Uninterested or indifferent students, crowded classrooms, discipline problems, being evaluated by others, lack of administrative support, and time pressures are among the main sources of teacher stress. This article presents findings from a study of teacher stress carried out in Istanbul. A survey design was used and 152 teachers (F = 88, M = 64) aged between 21 and 60 in three settings (i.e., private high school, state high school, and university language school) were given the Turkish translation of The Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI) (Fimian, 1988). Teachers in this study reported high stress levels. They perceived their role as impacted by heavy workloads, low salaries, and poor student work ethic. Using subject demographics significant differences were explored: female teachers reported higher stress levels than males and married teachers felt more stressed than single teachers. Moreover, differences on the TSI identified areas where teachers working in state schools reported higher stress levels than teachers in private and university schools and on other scales where teachers working in private schools were assessed as more stressed than their colleagues working in state and university schools.
AN INVESTIGATION OF PRESERVICE TEACHERS VIEWS ABOUT ATOM BY THE USE OF PHENOMENOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS PERVN NL
The structure of atom is one of the basic concepts in physics. Learning this concept has key role for learning a lot of scientific concepts. For this reason investigations of students understanding about atom are important. The objective of this study is to investigate university physics students views about the atom. This research was carried out with 50 preservice physics teachers. All participants have already taken quantum physics course before the research. Some themes about atom with literature review were determined. These themes are size, visibility, alive or lifeless, color or colorless of atoms, differences between different atoms, situation of atoms during change of state, and structure of atom. Eight questions relevant to these themes were asked to the participants. Afterwards they were asked to draw an illustration of the atom. In this way a sheet on which participants can write and draw their thinking about atom was formed. Collected data were analyzed by using phenomenographical analysis suitable a qualitative method for higher education. The participants answers were categorized and then each category was coding. Afterwards these categories were separated into groups called upper categories. These categories, upper categories and participants expressions were formed as tables. As a result tables were interpreted and some suggestions for meaningful learning of atom were made.
158 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries TEACHING INTENDED FOR PERCEPTION DIFFERENCES OF TEACHER CANDIDATES IN THE FUTURE MUSIC EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENTS: REPRESENTATIONAL SYSTEMS TUBA KILI Individual differences in perceptions of students have considerable effects on the quality of the education process and on the observation of the objective behaviors in individual courses given in undergraduate programs of music education sub-departments in Turkey. Teachers can manipulate students and the flow of the learning process as far as they can observe the reactions which their students develop against their words and behaviors. Some problems stemming from individual perceptive differences may occur in the process of equipping students with non-concrete musical behaviors in individual field courses. Neuro Linguistics Programming includes some techniques are contributing to the realization of active communication in teaching for solving these problems. Teachers may manipulate perceptions of their students consciously and make their students willing to learn by using representational systems of Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) techniques. Descriptive analysis method was used in this study. The study explains how teachers who are within the body of music teaching institutions will consciously determine representational systems of their students. In additions, some suggestions will be made about teaching and applying abstract techniques and music subjects that are difficult to be comprehended and about how to structure active teaching based on representational systems.
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THE MOTIVATION AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF TEACHING RESPONSIBILITY ON LEARNING FOR VOCATIONAL QUALIFYING EXAMS NDA TEMZ The graduate and undergraduate students have been exposed to various exams in order to prove their vocational qualification. For their effective preparation in order to reach vocational qualification, the current study proposes a new method to learning. The name of the method is learning while having teaching responsibility. The purpose of the study is to find out the effectiveness of a new method on the graduate and undergraduate students motivation and preparation for the exams. The new method consists of five main stages; namely, (1) forming team, (2) motivating and putting teaching responsibility on the team, (3) preparing physical environment for studying, (4) creating circle system, (5) implementation, (6) reaching production/outcome. The design of the study was mainly qualitative. Besides, qualitative data was supported by quantitative data. The participants of the study were determined on the basis of purposeful sampling methods. As a result, fourteen undergraduates from the department of primary education were participants of the study. The data gathered in the study indicated that the implications of the new method on the undergraduates were positive in terms of various aspects of learning. Key words: Teaching, Learning, Vocational Qualifying, Teaching for Learning LEARNER AUTUNOMY AS AN INEVITABLE OUTCOME OF LANGUAGE PORTFOLIO IN CEFR MERAL SERV, MUHAMMET SERV
The Europian language portfolio developed by the Language Policy Division of the Council of Europe is a document including language passport that shows the language competence of a person, a detailed Language biography describing the owner's experiences in each language and finally, there is a Dossier where examples of personal work can be kept to illustrate one's language competences. The reality that an individual is led to have a language portfolio also requires the learner to directly or indirectly participate actively in the learning process, implement his/her learning strategies, be the decision maker about what to add in the portfolio and reflect on what to do to improve the content of the portfolio, which is the common aim in the last years by the teachers of English who are more likely to have a student centered atmosphere in class.All this guidance of the ELP helps the learners to have the ability to take charge of one's learning, which is the exact definition of learner autonomy. ELP is a good way to foster the learner autonomy which has recently been desirable, and the most importantly make the learners of ESL alert about what to learn, how to learn and why, which are the critical questions on the way to the learner autonomy.
160 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADOLESCENTS SOCIAL SKILL LEVEL AND PERCEIVED ACCEPTANCE- REFUSAL AND PERCEIVED PARENTAL ATTITUDES ZLEM LASLAN, AYE ZTRK This survey is aimed to find out the relation ship between the secondary school students social skill level and perceived acceptance and refusal and their parental attitudes. Total field under survey is all primary schools in Meram, Konya, and the sampling is three state schools 6th, 7th, 8th grade students and their mothers. The study is in the model of relationship survey. Social skill level is the dependent variable of the survey. Perceived acceptance and refusal, perceived parental attitudes and characteristic qualities gathered with Personal Information Questionnaire are independent variables of the survey. Data is gathered with the following tools; Perceived Parental Attitudes Scale developed by Jale Eldekliolu, Parents Acceptance and Refusal Scale developed by Rohner, Saavedra ve Granum and adopted to Turkey by Anjel and Erkman, MESSY developed by Matson and adopted by Bacanl. In addition to these, mothers filled Personal Information Questionnaire to learn about their age, martial status, education, job, monthly income, number of children, gender and the number of family members. The data is being evaluated now. The data gathered from the questionaries and scales will be evaluated with neccessary staitstical techniques according to the number of variables and results will be discussed in the congress. TESTING: A TECHNIQUE OF TEACHING ABDULKADR AKIR Testing is generally used as a way of evaluating the students success on the subjects taught in a given time. That kind of testing causes students to have nightmares before the exams and lead to unbearable stress. These handicaps can be overcome and testing can be a way of learning besides measuring the studentsperformance if they are prepared by the students themselves. This article aims to suggest some practical techniques of testing not only the students and teachers performance but also to facilitate and reinforce language learning.
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TEACHING VOCABULARY THROUGH COLLOCATIONS GKHAN SMEK

The significance of vocabulary was not noticed by the people who devoted themselves to linguistics such as teachers, theorists, researchers and the others involved in EFL . But fortunately, by the help of scholars who managed to address English as Foreign Language (EFL), teachers by their experimental studies and pedagogical material provided arising interest in vocabulary teaching and this has been one of the most valued issues of English Language Teaching since then. It is widely believed that the amount of words which someone knows directly equals to his / her vocabulary knowledge. However, vocabulary knowledge refers to many more skills than that. It rather means a learners knowledge about the possible relationship of the words in question, which one fits more with which. The word combinality merits to be given more attention simply because one of the first subjects in which EFL students have difficulty and tend to make mistakes is the collocational properties of words. The goal of this study is to find out whether teaching vocabulary through collocations will result in better vocabulary learning than teaching vocabulary using classical techniques such as definition, synonym, antonym and mother tongue translation. Our purpose is to show the contribution of collocations to vocabulary learning of students in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes. Our suggested hypothesis is that learning vocabulary through collocations is an effective strategy that positively contributes to the development of vocabulary learning.
THE IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING CULTURE ONUR KKSAL

It has been constantly stated by several linguists and sociologists that language is not composed of only words and grammar structures but also of cultural functions. According to these scholars, the view of the second language learners on the culture of that country changes significantly as a result of second language-learning process. It has also been emphasized that the second language learning and cultural acquisition are two inseparable elements. Regarding the points stated above, this paper aims to present the view of English language teachers on the relationship between learning a foreign language and cultural acquisition. With that aim, a survey was conducted on English teachers at the school of foreign languages at Selcuk University. The results of the survey have shown that there is a significant relationship between learning a foreign language and acquiring the culture of that language.
162 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries REFLECTIONS ON PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH TEACHERS EXPECTATIONS FROM THEIR MENTORS NURDAN GRBZ
Mentoring pre-service teachers of English is a very challenging job for all the parties involved. In order to maximise the benefits for both mentors and mentees, we should be aware of what each party expects from the other . The purpose of this presentation is, thus, to present the preliminary results of a qualitative case study which investigates mentees expectations from their mentors (both the university-based mentors and school-based mentors) in the English Language Teacher Education Programme of Middle East Technical University. The participants of the study are 90 senior studentteachers some of which are mentored by the presenter during practicum in the 20072008 academic year. The results of the study indicate that student-teachers have several expectations from both mentors, which can be summarised as a welcoming, positive attitude and smiling mentor who encourages and supports them and who is ready to help and answer their questions at all times.
THE EVALUATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL SITUATION OF THE HANDICAPPED STUDENTS WHO HAVE COMPLETED THE WORK TRAINING COURSE AFTER THE PROGRAMME AHMET KURNAZ, SLEYMAN ARSLANTA, FATH KOAK, NLFER MERAL ALIKI
With this study it has been tried to evaluate the working ability of the handicapped students who have completed work training courses. The data of the study has been collected from 20 students who have completed the work training and their parents. The study has been done with a qualitative approach. The data collected by interview has been evaluated by content analysis method. With this study; the academic, communicative and occupational skills of the students and the benefit of the work training have been investigated.
ERROR-ANALYSIS BASED SECOND LANGUAGE TEACHING STRATEGIES
FAHRETTN SANAL
As is known, the language learning, like any other learning process, involves making errors. In language teaching and learning, the study of learner's error (Error Analysis) is a technique for identifying, describing and systematically explaining the errors made by a learner, using any of the principles and procedures provided by linguistics. The second language teachers should make use of this technique of error analysis in the second language classes. The aim of this paper is to study Error Analysis (EA) and to show how it can be useful in a second (an English) language teaching program.
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THE VIEWS OF THE SCIENCE AND BIOLOGY TEACHERS ABOUT TO PROJECT BASED LEARNING TUBA TAFLI, BATRK KAYA, AL ATE, SELDA KILI In this century the knowledge not only changes but also develops and this concern needs to be dealt with the new education goals to raise creative and productive students. In this respect, the students are considered to be active while learning. One of the approaches, which is called as the project based learning, deals with these changes and developments and aims at raising more creative and productive students both in their education life and in their own private lives. In this study the views of the elementary and the secondary school teachers are stated by pointing out the application of the project based learning. This qualitative study is based on the open ended questions about the project based learning. The participants are different science and biology teachers who work in the public schools of Konya in the second term of the 2007/2008 education year. According to the findings of this study, although the students learn the subject matters effectively, they sometimes encounter problems with the application of the project based learning. In order to solve these problems and raise the productivity of project based learning some suggestions put forward in the study. EFFECTS OF READING COMPREHENSION ON MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT OLCAY ZDEMR, ETN ETNKAYA
When reading a text, a mental representation of the text is created by the reader, which describes how the reader understands the text. Many studies about reading comprehension show, or support the conclusion, that multiple levels of representation are involved in making meaning(van Oostendorp and Goldman, 1998, p. viii). Mathematics and reading achievement have been shown to be positively related.. Niss and Hjgaard Jensen (2002) have characterized mathematical knowledge with the ability to interpret and understand mathematical texts. Thereby, reading and reading comprehension could be more explicitly included in mathematics education, in the teaching as well as examinations, and some argue it should be included (Cowen, 1991; Fuentes, 1998; Krygowska, 1969). The purpose of this study is to determine if there is any effect of readingcomprehension on mathematics achievement. For this research, data will be obtained from the scores of reading comprehension and mathematics achievement tests which will be created by investigators. The participants of this research will be 4th and 5th grade students at Gazi lkretim Okulu in Kdz.Ereli.
164 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries DETERMINING THE PROFESSIONAL SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS OF THE CLASS TEACHER CANDIDATES DERYA INAR, GNGR KESKNKILI
One of the most important ssues is teachers role and efficacy in education. Teachers efficacy belief on teacher profession is one of the factors in professional prolificacy. Perceived self-efficacy is defined as people's beliefs about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance. Self-efficacy beliefs determine how people feel, think, motivate themselves and behave (Bandura, 1997). The professional self-efficacy is individual efficacy belief about performing self occupation. The aim of this research is to determine the professional self efficacy beliefs of the class teacher candidates. For this purpose, to collect data, teacher self efficacy inventory which was adapted to Turkish by apa, akrolu and Sarkaya (2005) was used. The working group of this research is composed of the 1th, 2nd, 3rd, 4th graders who are attending Selcuk University Education Faculty in Konya. Findings of this research can be important in respect of indicating individuals professional self-efficacy, to rise awareness on this topic and to get suggestions. The data analysis of the research still continues.
HOPE AND PERCEIVED SUPPORT AS PREDICTORS OF ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY AMONG GRADUATE STUDENTS GKHAN ATK, NUR AYIRDA, AYLIN DEMRL, NARAN KAYACAN, YEM APA AYDIN
Academic self-efficacy, which is defined as ones beliefs about what he or she can successfully carry out given academic tasks (Bandura, 1997; Schunk, 1991), has received increased attention in educational settings for the past two decades. Students beliefs about mastering an academic activity influence their choice of action, effort and persistence to complete a task, and resilience in adverse events (Bandura, 1997). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of hope, perceived support, marital status, and academic status in predicting academic selfefficacy of Turkish graduate students. The sample consisted of 304 students (205 females and 99 males) who attend graduate programs in 13 different Faculties of Education in Trkiye. The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (Santiago & Einarson, 1998), Dispositional Hope Scale (Akman & Korkut, 1993), State Hope Scale (Denizli, 2004), and a brief demographic information form were used for data collection. The study utilized a predictive/correlational design which evaluated the role of a set of independent variables in explaining a single dependent variable. Results of multiple regression analysis indicated that state/dispositional hope and perceived social support were found to be significant predictors of students academic self-efficacy. Theoretical implications and suggestions for further research will be discussed.
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THE WEB BASED EVALUATIONS OF STUDENTS RELATED TO ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION HSEYN AKIR, AHMET KARAARSLAN In this study, the subject of the electrical technology lesson in Industrial Arts Education Faculty, Industrial Technology Education Department, and Gazi University that is studied by students is purposed of following yourself. For this purpose, the dynamic web page is planned to setup by using Php and web page design programs. It is wanted the students to use this web page during the lesson time, the work of students evaluation that related to design web page, to implement and period of implementation will be done. AN EXAMINATION OF GRADUATE STUDENTS ACADEMIC SATISFACTION ONUR ZMEN, BETL AKSOY, ZLEM TOKGZ, DESEN YALIM, AYGL TAKIR, YEM APA AYDIN Academic satisfaction includes students perceptions about the academic environment. Some different aspects of academic environment affect the university students perceptions of academic satisfaction, such as courses in the program, academic performance, social facilities offered in university. The purpose of the present study was to examine academic satisfaction of graduate students by stage in the program (course period vs. thesis period) and academic status (master vs. PhD). An 8-item academic satisfaction scale and a demographic data form developed by the researchers were used to collect data from 304 graduate students enrolled in graduate programs of 13 different universities in Turkey. Findings of two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that stage (F (2, 278) = 8.810, p = .00) and academic status (F (2, 278) = 8.984, p = .00) were found to be significant, whereas the interaction effect was found to be insignificant (F (2, 278) = .050, n.s.) on the combination of academic and research satisfaction. Univariate ANOVA results showed that Ph.D. students reported higher research satisfaction than master students, while students working on their thesis reported higher research satisfaction than students who are working on their coursework. Implications and directions for further research will be discussed.
166 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries VIEW POINT OF MANAGERS OF ANATOLIAN FINE ARTS HIGH SCHOOLS IN TURKEY FOR MUSIC AS AN ART FORM AND PROFILE OF ART EDUCATION ADMINISTRATOR FOR FUTURE ZLEM ONUK
Education administrator is one of the most important factors that determine the quality of education. Some studies have indicated that the attitude and approach of the school administrator has a direct effect on the vision, mission and achievement of that school. From this point, to determine the view points of the school administrators of Anatolian Fine Arts High Schools for music as an art form is thought to be important in every type of decision that they will make as an administrator. The purpose of this study is to determine the point of views of school administrators of Anatolian Fine Arts High Schools on music as an art form and their musical experience. Musical experience of the administrators is going to be determined via the responds that they will give for the survey, which is prepared in the framework of baselines such as musical education background, music as their hobby, their habit of listening music and their following of concert activities. The survey, which is going to be applied in the study, consists of personal, yes-no, 5 point likert type and open end questions. Furthermore, ideal profile of future art education administrator will be formed and discussed considering the profile of school administrators that emerges in the study. The conclusions of the study will be discussed in the framework of training administrator of art education in Turkey and suggestions will be made.
HAS THE NEW PRIMARY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CURRICULA BEEN REALLY UNDERSTOOD BY PRIMARY SCIENCE TEACHERS? THEIR VIEWS AND ATTITUDES ATLLA MER, LKNUR AKIR
The purpose of this study is to examine primary science teachers views on and attitudes to new primary science curricula. The study was carried out in 2007-08 spring term with 30 science teachers from various urban and rural primary schools in Trabzon. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. All interviews were audiotape recorded and then, computed. The data were analysed qualitatively. The findings of the study showed that more than half of the participants understood the philosophy of the new program stating that it was based on constructivist learning and student-centred teaching approaches, and aimed to develop students high order skills like interpretation, inquiry and being critical. Almost all of the participants indicated that they participated in in-service training courses for introducing the new programme but they also indicated that these courses were not satisfying in terms of introducing the new programme. There were more lecture-based courses rather than involving practical elements. In addition, the participants emphasised that it was difficult to implement the new program in classes consisting of more than 20 students and they had problems in applying new assessment methods. In the paper, specific suggestions were made for improving the situations mentioned in the findings.
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TEACHERS CONCEPTUAL CHANGES HARUN MEK In the present study, based on the theorotical framework of Personal Constructivist Psychology of George Kelly, the changes in young learner ELT teachers were investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the conceptual changes as these precede changes in behaviour. Thus the researcher determined the existing concepts in the teachers, voluntary participants of a 14 week Teacher development (TD) program on teaching young learners, using repertory grid technique. After the TD program the same taechnique was applied in order to see both the effects of the TD program and the changes in the participants concepts resulting from their participation in the TD program. The results revealed changes in the concepts regarding the teachers they considered as effective, typical, ineffective. Furthermore there were also changes in their current perception as a teacher and their ideal teacher they wanted to become. Moreover, the study revealed the features they attributed to these teachers. TEACHER EDUCATION IN TURKEY HAKAN AKDA, MEHMET BARDAKI
Throughout the history, education has been one of the most important issues for individuals and societies. Training professionals in educational fields has great importance in this issue. In this study, information about teacher education policies from the foundation of Turkish Republic until now is going to be given. Before this, some quotations about teacher education before Republic and the changes made during the establishment years of Republic are going to be cited to describe the conditions of teacher education in those years from various references. Works on teacher education started in the Ottoman period, and it gained national goals besides the scientific and laic ones in the republican period. After the Turkish National War of Independence, in the first years of the republic, teacher education became one of the most important issues as the number of the illiterates was so high. Launched according to M. Kemal Atatrks directions, literacy campaign, alphabet reform, and establishment of educational institutes were vital improvements for a beginning. Moreover, Mustafa Kemals addressing to the teachers in his plenary speech at 1st Education Congress in Ankara on July 16th,1921, during the National Struggle, illustrates the importance of education and especially teacher education. In this study, after giving brief information about teacher education before Republic, information about the phases of development in teacher education during the 85-year-old republic are going to be given in detail.
168 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries PRESERVICE PRIMARY TEACHERS THREE DIMENSIONAL THINKING SKILLS ERHAN ERTEKN, ERSEN YAZICI Geometry is interested in shapes and objects as a sub branch of mathematics. Geometry is concerned with absolute perceptions of shapes and objects which are potential source of insight thinking. These perceptions have very important contribution on construction of mathematical concepts. Furthermore, making abstract side of mathematical concepts available with concrete models and using geometry as a mathematical model for physical world in primary level make teaching of mathematics more important in all levels. In this view, all shapes and objects are introduced, named and explained with concrete characteristics in the new mathematics curriculum (MEB 2005). Characteristics of objects, especially third dimension make their perceptions difficult for students. In this context, Ben-Haim, Houang ve Lappan (1985) find out that students could not understand presentations of drawn prism correctly, i.e they cannot appropriately imagine the shapes (quoted in Olkun, 2003). For this aim, this study investigate primary trainee teachers recognition of geometric shapes, forming closed forms of three dimensional shapes from open forms and vice versa, and drawing two dimensional imaginations from different points of views for three dimensional structures which are formed by small cubes. As a result, it is observed that trainee primary teachers having difficulty with drawing two dimensional imagination of formed three dimensional structures from different points of view. They also have difficulty in thinking three dimensions in general.
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A STUDY ABOUT SELF- EFFICIENCY BELIEFS AND ATTITUDES OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS DUYGU ANIL, ZEKERYA NARTGN
This study aims at examining the ties between prospective teachers attitudes towards the course of Measurement and Evaluation, and their self- efficacy belief in terms of measurement and evaluation in an attempt at seeking answers to the three questions below. 1. What is the prospective teachers level of attitudes towards measurement and evaluation course? 2. What is the prospective teachers level of self efficacy beliefs in terms of measurement and evaluation? 3. What type of relations hold between prospective teachers attitudes towards Measurement and Evaluation course and their beliefs in self- efficacy? The population of the research, which is a descriptive study, is composed of the fourth year students attending various departments of the educational faculty of both Abant Izzet Baysal and Hacettepe Universities. Two separate scales will be developed by the researchers so as to determine the prospective teachers attitudes towards Measurement and Evaluation course and their self-efficacy beliefs. Percentage, frequency, arithmetic average, and standard deviation will be employed for the first and second research questions whereas Pearsons Moments Multiplication Correlation will be utilized for the third research question in the analysis of the data obtained following the application of the scales.
WEB BASED LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES IN EDUCATION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LHAN KOALAY, SEDAT ZSOY
A novel approach to education based on electronic technology, usually called elearning, comprises different ways of computer support where teaching material can be delivered synchronously (e.g. Web based laboratory, Web-based videoconferencing,) or asynchronously (e.g., intelligent tutoring systems, learning management instruction ). The Web (Internet) has become a widespread tool for learning. It enables more flexible delivery, distance education, new visualization possibilities and cost reduction. Main purposes of the Web-based education are to provide independence from time and place and to eliminate the limitations of face to face education by offering course notes and references on the internet. The paper presents an overview of the current state of development of Web based Learning in Electrical Engineering with a special attention to the fields of Electrical controllers and remote Laboratory systems. Studies about web based electrical engineering education and Laboratory systems have been examined. Web based Laboratory systems provides remote access to a wide variety of experiments including various electrical and electronic experiments.
170 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries SOUNDS AND SPELLING IN ENGLISH AYEN ZMEN As Harmer claims, although teaching of grammar and vocabulary is done by almost all English teachers, teaching of pronunciation in any overt way has not been given much attention. Some teachers may claim that overt pronunciation teaching is not necessary as some students are able to acquire reasonable pronunciation without overt pronunciation teaching. However, pronunciation teaching makes students aware of different sounds and sound features and it also helps students improve their speaking. The fact that there is no cpmplete one-to-one correspondence between letters and phonemes in English causes many problems for learners. The aim of this study is to suggest ways to overcome some of the pronunciation problems learners face in English. PRIMARY SCHOOL INSPECTORS VIEWS ON THE TEACHERSS PROFESSIONAL SUFFICIENCIES SAT AKBALI, TUBA YANPAR YELKEN Purpose of the study is to evaluate the teachers professional sufficiency according to the views of the inspectors inspecting and guiding them, to contribute to the teachers professional development according to the results obtained from the evaluation, and to carry out more qualified activities. Thus, the following questions were asked to the inspectors: 1. Do you find the primary school teachers sufficient regarding their profession? What do you think about this matter? 2. Do you find the primary school teachers sufficient regarding general culture? How? 3. What do you think about the primary school teachers sufficiency regarding their pedagogical formations? 4. What do you do to develop the primary school teachers sufficiency as their inspectors? The study was carried out during The Course of Developing Teaching Process held in May, 2008 for primary school inspectors. 178 inspectors participated in the programme. Qualitative analysis method was used. 178 inspectors answered the open-ended questionnaire. Semi-structured interview was conducted with 16 inspectors who answered the questionnaire in detail. The data obtained with open-ended questionnaires and interviews will be analysed according to qualitative investigation technique. At the end of this study, some significant suggestions related with the ways to develop the professional qualities of teachers will be put forward via Primary School Inspectors Views on the Teachers Professional Qualities
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A FLEXIBLE APPROACH IN HIGHER EDUCATION: DISTANCE LEARNING AHMET AKIROLU

In the last thirty years, distance education has moved from the margins to the mainstream of higher education policy and practice in many countries, accompanied by a spectacular growth in programmes, institutions and enrolments. Governments, in particular, increasingly see distance education as a valuable economic and social tool in meeting the demands of an information society. The methods and technologies surrounding distance teaching and learning have been systematised, so that those involved now take for granted the way things are done, just as educators in more conventional environments take for granted the way faceto-face, classroom teaching should occur. However, such is the speed of change nowadays that this status quo cannot last. Throughout this expansion phase there has been an assumption that distance education and face-to-face teaching are different forms of education, each with its own value systems, organisational arrangements and teaching/learning systems. Although hard to sustain in practice, this has been largely due to distance educators? search for legitimacy and status. The separateness has been reinforced by the organisational structures of distance education: on the one hand, open universities entirely dedicated to distance teaching; on the other, distinctive distance education department/ centres within dual-mode universities. In this article; a flexible approach in higher education was explained.
A STUDY OF TECHNOPHOBIA AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS MER FARUK URSAVA, HASAN KARAL
This study explored the levels of technophobia of university students over computer use according to gender, computer ownership and computer experiences. The sample was comprised of 457 undergraduate students from Karadeniz Technical University. 230 of the total sample were males and 227 were females . In this study relational survey method was used to find out whether their scores determined from computer anxiety and computer thoughts scales change or not, according to their gender and computer experiences. Data in the study were collected with Personal Knowledge Questionnaire developed by researchers, Computer Anxiety Rating Scale, and Computer Thought Survey developed by Rosen and Weil (1992). In this study, data were analyzed with statistical processes such as t test, ANOVA, Tukey test and correlation analysis in SPSS. The results of the study are outlined in three parts. Female students were more technofobic than male students. Regular computer users have less computer anxiety level and better computer thoughts scores than non regular users. Computer anxiety and computer thoughts surveys are relational each other at negative level.
172 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries MISCONCEPTIONS IN CALCULUS COURSE FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS: THE CASE OF FINDING LIMIT HASAN NAL, ERDOAN MEHMET ZKAN Literature clearly shows that students form different misconceptions for different topics in mathematics. In this study we have investigated the misconceptions formed by engineering students in a calculus course. More specifically we have explored the case of application of L hospital rule lim(x) 0 [f(x)-g(x)] .While both f(x) and g(x) approaches to infinity as x approaches to 0. It is the case of indeterminate form of infinity-minus- infinity. The participants were engineering students (200) in a State University in Istanbul, Turkey. We have identified that, students misconceptions fell into four categories. First category was students use the quotient rule of derivative. Second category was derivative of each functions separately. Third category was applications of formula for indeterminate forms. Final category was application of definition of right limits. The samples and findings will be discussed in details. PROSPECTIVE SCIENCE TEACHERS (SCIENCE STUDENT TEACHERS) VIEWS ABOUT THEIR SUFFICIENCY IN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT HAVA PEK, ATLLA MER
The purpose of this study was to determine how much science student teachers feel themselves prepared for being professional, as a teacher. The study was carried out with twenty five science student teachers in Fatih Faculty of Education at Karadeniz Technical University in Trabzon. Survey research design was employed as research method. A questionnaire with open-ended questions was administered to the participants. They were asked to respond open ended questions about how sufficient do you feel yourself for being a teacher?, if you feel sufficient which factors elicit you to feel like that?, if you dont feel sufficient in which subjects do you feel like that? What are you doing to remove your insufficiency?. Data were analyzed qualitatively. Findings of the research showed that science student teachers feel themselves insufficient in classroom control, subject knowledge and implementation of the knowledge they have learned. And they feel themselves sufficient in subject knowledge, social sufficiency, professional sufficiency, pedagogical content issues. To overcome these problems, more emphasis should be given to practical activities, the attainment level of content knowledge taught in subject courses should be appropriate to primary school level, and the attainment ways to knowledge should be taught.
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IMPROVING STUDENTS UNDERSTANDING OF NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS THROUGH LEARNING CYCLE APPROACH ZLEM SAYGIN, JALE AKIROLU, N.GKBEN ATILBOZ, SELAHATTN SALMAN
Research studies have consistently reported that students at all grade levels have some misconceptions about science and natural world when they came to the class. For that reason, it is important to identify their misconceptions and eliminate them for successful science teaching. The present study investigated the effectiveness of the learning cycle approach on high school students understanding of nucleic acids and protein synthesis. Students understanding was measured using the nucleic acids and protein synthesis concept test developed by the first author. The test was administered as pre-test and post-test to a total of 105 eleventh grade students in four intact classes of the two high schools located in Konya. The experimental group students (n=53) received the learning cycle instruction and the control group (n=52) received a traditional instruction. The learning cycle instruction was a threephase inquiry approach consisting of exploration, term introduction, and concept application. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the favour of experimental group after the treatment. The learning cycle was more effective when compared with traditional instruction about eliminating the students misconceptions on nucleic acids and protein synthesis. This study is supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey with 105K172 project.
FIRST STEP TO BEING A RESEARCHER TEACHER; QUESTIONS IN CLASSROOM PRACTICE AND EXAMS KERME SEDA EVK, AL DELCE
After the latest paradigm shift in Turkish Curriculum, teachers have been trying to comprehend how to apply it. An essential matter is questions teachers use in classroom practices and exams. The focus of this study is to investigate the characteristics of these questions. It is also aimed to understand the relation between the questions and the assessment methods . The sample of the study is 10 high school mathematics teachers. This research has got qualitative and naturalistic paradigms. Research techniques are document analysis (of collected questions and exams papers ) and interviews by 5 teachers. Categorisation method was used to analyse the data. The results show that teachers have no detailed rules to prepare practice questions. Furthermore, still there is commonly no frameworks or taxonomies from empirical mathematical education studies . Most of the teachers feel no change in their questions and assessment styles after the paradigm shift. Consequently, questions are prepared by heart. There is a need for a taxonomy or a theoritical framework to prepare questions.
174 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE LEVEL OF MATHEMATICS ANXIETY AMONG PRE-SERVICE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS HAKAN ATLIOLU, OSMAN BRGN The aim of this study is to investigate the level of mathematics anxiety among pre-service elementary school teachers. Survey method was used in this study. 207 pre-service elementary school teachers in Fatih Education Faculty of Karadeniz Technical University were the sampling group of the study. To assess mathematics anxiety level, a mathematics anxiety scale (MAST), composed of 39 items, and seven sub-scales developed by lda (2005) was used. The data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 package program by using independent samples ttest. In conclusion, it was found that the level of math anxiety of pre-service teachers is very low and the participants gender was not found to be significantly related with their math anxiety. On the other hand, there were significant differences according to class level and perceived success level. It was also analyzed whether the scores obtained from the sub-scales were different with regard to these variables. Finally, suggestions to teacher educators were provided to overcome math anxiety. PROFICIENCY PERCEPTIONS OF THE LAST GRADE STUDENTS OF SU MEF DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION TEACHING RELATED WITH TEACHING BEHAVIORS FATMA LK YILDIZ, NURCAN KOAK The aim of this study is to appreciate display the proficiency perceptions of the last grade students of S MEF Department of Children Development and Education Teaching related with teaching behaviors according to various factors. These factors are age, graduating success, school that the student graduated from and schools, in which the student practiced teaching. The Scale of Graduating Professional Formation as 1 to 5 is practiced to the last grade students of S MEF Department of Children Development and Education Teaching to measure their teaching behaviors in their area in the teaching period of 2007-2008. The data canalized by SPSS statistical software. The difference in their proficiency perceptions related with teaching behaviors among their departments, ages, genders and graduating successes of the last grade teacher candidates are measured by variance analyze. The results will be discussed in the congress by comparing.
175
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TEACHERS VIEWS ABOUT USING WEB BASED INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL IN CLASSROOM HAVVA PEK, ESRA KELE
The aim of this study was to determine science and technology teachers views about web based instructional material using in classroom environment. This study was implemented in 2006-2007 academic year and conducted with three science teachers working in three different primary schools in Trabzon, Turkey. WBI material for Force and Motion unit is developed for grade six students. Material consists of visual, audial, interactive elements and prepared according to students aims in science curriculum and applied in three different classes with three different teachers (Teachers A, B and C). After the implementation process, interviews were made with three science teachers to determine their perceptions about WBI material and the problems they faced during the applications. Teachers in this study stated that during the implementation process they encountered problems such as drawing attention to the material, having concentration difficulties because of technical problems, difficulties in directing the courses. They approved of the material as it was a prepared material and could be renewable easily. As aresult of the study it was concluded that if internet connection, computers and students technical ability were better, WBI could be used more effectively in science courses.
LONG TERM EFFECTS OF HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS ON MATHEMATICS EDUCATION AND THE TEACHERS ROLE SELAHATTN ARSLAN, SERKAN COSTU, SERHAT AYDIN, MEHMET FLZ
Mathematics is an ever changing science. So History of Mathematics may be used as a critical agent to boost the comprehension of mathematics. By disclosing the historical evolution of mathematical concepts, students may gain an insight on the development of similar items. By this way mathematics teacher can make classes more appealing and meaningful. In this context, opening history of mathematics courses in faculties of education might blossom a positive progression in mathematics education. Yet conveying those into practice may occur only when the teacher believes in the process. Should the teacher develop a positive attitude towards the utilization of history of mathematics in education, the consequences will be more permanent. From this point of view, the development of positive attitudes in mathematics teacher following the History of Mathematics course proves significant. In our study, data from 11 graduate mathematics education students during a graduate coursework named "The historical changes in mathematical concepts" were gathered and the changes in their conceptions on using history of mathematics in their instructions were evaluated. The qualitative data collected during and after the coursework were then analysed via Nvivo 7.0. As a result of the study, it became obvious that most of the students had developed a positive attitude towards using history of mathematics in their instructions from then on and few students had noted some concerns regarding the content, instruction and assessment in the course.
176 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE STUDY OF PREPARING A VALID AND RELIABLE ASSESSMENT SCALE TO DETERMINE II. STAGE PRIMARY EDUCATION STUDENTS AND ADULTS MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES NADR ELKZ, YAVUZ EREN, ABAN ETN, MUSTAFA USLU The purpose of this study is to prepare a valid and reliable assessment scale to determine II. Stage primary education students and adults most dominant intelligence fields according to the theory of Multiple Intelligences developed by Howard Gardner. While preparing items of Multiple Intelligence Scale, not only the theory was studied carefully but also the whole native and foreign Multiple Intelligence Scales were analyzed in terms of behaviors. The Multiple Intelligences Assessment Scale Development is a multi-step process 1Operationally define core components of the intelligence construct in terms of everyday behaviors that can be described in questions; 2- Expert content review and in-depth interviews with the proposed questions; 3- Data collection and item analysis ; 4- Item / scale revision (if necessary); 5- Data collection and item analysis;- repeat step 4, if necessary, and step 5. 6- Larger scale data collection with criterion groups - factor analytics studies, subscale analysis 7- Test-retest reliability and multi-informant studies This investigation was conducted over a two-year period and employed a wide-ranging sample of 228 academicians from different fields of universities and over 965 students from secondary school students from different schools using both quantitative and qualitative methods for the Construct, Content, Discriminated and Subjective Validity ; reliability . Data collection procedures included structured interviews, formal questionnaires, brief open-ended surveys, and focus groups.
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A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF STUDENT TEACHERS COMMUNICATION SKILLS ON TEACHER EDUCATION ATLLA MER, ERAN YILMAZ, FATH TRT The purpose of this study is to determine the communication problems biology student teachers experience and their effects on teacher education. In addition, finding ways to prevent these problems and improve student teachers communication skills are also aimed at this study. The study was conducted in Fatih Faculty of Education at Karadeniz Technical University in Trabzon in 2007-2008 Spring term. The sample consisted of 60 secondary biology student teachers (36 female and 24 male) from fourth and fifth grades. The data were collected through a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with five of the student teachers. The questionnaire consisted of both Likert-type and open-ended questions. The data from open-ended questions and interviews were analysed qualitatively. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS 15.0 for Windows. The findings showed that communication problems of the student teachers did not have a significant effect on their in-class applications but had a significant effect on school experience courses at the university. Also, it was found that there were significant differences between female and male student teachers communication skills. In the light of the findings, some strategies and techniques were recommended in order to prevent those communication problems and to improve student teachers communication skills.
178 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries THE EVALUATION OF THE EDUCATION FACULTY STUDENTS ON THE CONTENT OF ENGLISH LESSONS AND THEIR GAINS CONNECTING WITH LIFE MEHMET AKST
This study is important for candidates of teacher to present necessity of English and its connection with life. Gender of the candidates, their sufficiency situation, level of English and their thought of the importance of knowing English were asked. To evaluate of the theme of the lessons and their gains with the connection of life composes the problem our research. Descriptive method was used in the research. Universe of the study is education faculty students and limited with the city, Uak. The sample is 143 students who are at Usak education faculty in 2007-2008 education year. Likert Scale and weighted average are used in the evaluation of the research. According to the findings of the research; the candidates of teacher at English lesson,not using slide, opac projector, pc, internet, tv,radio, cassette player,puzzle, wall map and table map (1,01), using chalk at english teaching (3,34),the importance of learning English (3,19), desire to be attended in a postgraduate programmes are high level.(2,46) It was seen that question-answer method is used in English lessons.(2,25) At the conclusion of the research; it is determined that the candidates labor to get enough marks for passing the exams rather than learning English. Except English department, the lecturers from biology, geography and maths department arent useful on teaching process.
HISTORY OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING IN MEDICAL EDUCATION IN MERAM MEDICAL FACULTY MUZAFFER EKER, NAZAN KARAOLU
In 1999 report of the first National Medical Education Congress, The General Medical Council urged medical schools in Turkey to make curricular changes and adopt their programs to new skill based on student centered, community, problem solving, integrated and population based principles to meet the increasing demands of modern medical practice. Turkish medical schools have adopted the PBL pathway since 1999. So far, in Turkey, PBL has been implemented in the curriculum of many medical schools in different way for several years namely fully PBL, partly PBL or mixed with other teaching system. Problem- based learning (PBL), has been introduced in 2004-2005 educational term of Meram Medical Faculty to enhance the educational experience and motivation of medical students and academic staff of medical faculty. The aim of this presentation is to discuss advantages and disadvantages of PBL as a new method in our medical curriculum after four year experience. We want to share our expectations, experiences and the point we came.
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THE STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF UNIVERSITIES CONTINUING EDUCATION CENTERS IN TURKEY MELEK DEMREL, YELKN DKER COKUN In recent years continuing education has been an important part of higher education. With the need for acquiring specialized skills, people and companies apply to the universities to beneft from their expertise in the field for a recent update related to their professions. The university graduates general tendency to prefer the institutions which have academic reliability for their career development led to the emergence of new structures at the universities. Thus, in order to meet the rapidly increasing need for continuing education, universities developed new programmes for adult learners in order to provide more professional solutions. Adult education can be referred to as continuing education that involves the voluntary participation of individuals in formal and informal education process most of the time. Continuing education, on the other hand, can be defined as the applications the individuals are engaged in to improve thir professional developments.The main purpose of continuing education is to improve effective lifelong learning skills that will contribute to personal professional development. Although lifelong learning includes continuing education, it is not only limited to the professional context, but to every context of life. Continuing education programs aim the acquisition of a variety of competencies by individuals with a scientific insight. With this purpose most universities in Turkey founded their Continuing Education Centers for effective teaching that offer different educational applications in many fields by bringing the individuals (experts, campanies, employees, and students) together. These centers will gain more importance in meeting the demand for continuing education in the future. This study is mainly focused on the practices of Continuing Education Centers. The data for the study will be collected through document analysis and the interviews with executives who work in Continuing Education Centers, and will be analyzed qualitatively. Hence, basic structures, functions, and applications of Continuing Education Centers at the universities in Turkey will be specified.
180 11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries USING LARGE SCALE TESTS AS INDICATORS OF EDUCATIONAL QUALITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION MEHTAP AKAN The study aims to discuss role of large scale tests for defining quality of education in higher education in Turkey and in various countries. The study is in comparative nature reviewing the issue across several countries to bring a broad aspect of the issue. The study is a descriptive study. Although quality of education is not easy to quantify, we need some tools or some indicators that providing evidence of the educational quality. Large scale tests are the common tools that have been applied to track and define the quality of higher education in Turkey as well as in many countries. Literature review indicates that, considering educational quality, test-based accountability is highly emphasized by some countries than others, such as situation in the USA. Some countries use such tests to evaluate educators' performances, as well. Whether test scores from these tests are valid indicators of the quality of education is a significant question that needs to be answered. Results of these tests are need be interpreted with care and limitations of the tests should be kept in mind when interpreting the results. It was concluded that although they provide certain information about educational setting, it is not reasonable to except these tests as the valid indicators of educational quality in any level of education by alone.

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11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

ORAL PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS' SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS SEVG AYDIN, YEZDAN BOZ

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

STUDENTS" PERCEPTION ON TYPES OF EVALUATION IN ROMANIAN HIGHER EDUCATION OTILIA CLIPA

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

TEACHERS COMPETECIES FOR THE MODERN SCHOOL ASSESSMENT ELIZABETA TOMEVSKA-ILIEVSKA

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

A TURKISH EDUCATION CLASSIC: VILLAGE INSTITUTES AYE MENT TA

MONITORING THE COMPETENCE AND PERFORMANCE OF TURKISH TEACHERS MELEK GL AHNEL

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMMES SELDA SZEN

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

THE PERCEPTION OF PROFESSIONAL AUTONOMY AMONG EDUCATORS OF ADULTS KRISTINKA OVESNI

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries

11th International Conference On Further Education In The Balkan Countries