Water PropertIes and

Phenomena
Water PropertIes and
Phenomena
AP 8Iology FIrst Quarter Project AP 8Iology FIrst Quarter Project
PresentatIon by WIll 0ougherty
ntroductIon ntroductIon
Water's chemIcal formula: H
2
D
EssentIal to lIfe on planet Earth
|olecules are polar
PartIal negatIve () charge on
oxygen atom
PartIal posItIve (+) charge on two
hydrogen atoms
Can form hydrogen bonds wIth
polar and charged molecules
Water's chemIcal formula: H
2
D
EssentIal to lIfe on planet Earth
|olecules are polar
PartIal negatIve () charge on
oxygen atom
PartIal posItIve (+) charge on two
hydrogen atoms
Can form hydrogen bonds wIth
polar and charged molecules
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nsulatIon of 8odIes of Water nsulatIon of 8odIes of Water
Water's greatest densIty Is at 4C
As temperature drops to DC, forms crystallIne
lattIce
Each water molecule bonded to 4 partners
Hydrogen bonds keep molecules apart
ce Is about 10 less dense than water at
4C
|eans that Ice floats on the surface of
water
FloatIng Ice Insulates lIquId water below,
allowIng lIfe to survIve
Water's greatest densIty Is at 4C
As temperature drops to DC, forms crystallIne
lattIce
Each water molecule bonded to 4 partners
Hydrogen bonds keep molecules apart
ce Is about 10 less dense than water at
4C
|eans that Ice floats on the surface of
water
FloatIng Ice Insulates lIquId water below,
allowIng lIfe to survIve
During winter, air temperature in the northern United States can remain
below 0HC for many months, however, fish and other animals living in
lakes survive.
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|any Substances 0Issolve In Water |any Substances 0Issolve In Water
Water Is known as "the solvent of lIfe"
|olecules are adhesIve: form hydrogen
bonds wIth polar surfaces
ons placed In water have mutual affInIty
through electrIcal attractIon
PartIal posItIve charge of hydrogen atoms
form bonds wIth posItIve Ions
PartIal negatIve charge of oxygen atoms
form bonds wIth negatIve Ions
HydratIon shells, or a sphere of water
molecules, surround dIssolved Ions
Water Is known as "the solvent of lIfe"
|olecules are adhesIve: form hydrogen
bonds wIth polar surfaces
ons placed In water have mutual affInIty
through electrIcal attractIon
PartIal posItIve charge of hydrogen atoms
form bonds wIth posItIve Ions
PartIal negatIve charge of oxygen atoms
form bonds wIth negatIve Ions
HydratIon shells, or a sphere of water
molecules, surround dIssolved Ions
any substances, for example salt (NaCL) and sucrose, dissolve quickly
in water.
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Water Forms |enIscI Water Forms |enIscI
|enIscus curve In the upper surface of
a lIquId close to the surface of a
contaIner
|olecules are adhesIve: form hydrogen
bonds wIth polar surfaces
Class molecules are polar
PartIal posItIve charge of hydrogen atoms
form bonds wIth partIal posItIve atoms In glass
PartIal negatIve charge of oxygen atoms form
bonds wIth partIal negatIve atoms In glass
Water molecules "stIck" to glass sIdes of
cylInder
|enIscus curve In the upper surface of
a lIquId close to the surface of a
contaIner
|olecules are adhesIve: form hydrogen
bonds wIth polar surfaces
Class molecules are polar
PartIal posItIve charge of hydrogen atoms
form bonds wIth partIal posItIve atoms In glass
PartIal negatIve charge of oxygen atoms form
bonds wIth partIal negatIve atoms In glass
Water molecules "stIck" to glass sIdes of
cylInder
hen you pour water into a 25 mL graduated cylinder, a meniscus forms
at the top of the water column.
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EvaporatIve CoolIng EvaporatIve CoolIng
H
2
D Is a lIquId at normal physIologIcal
and body temperatures
Water that comes out of body as sweat Is a
lIquId
Has a hIgh heat of vaporIzatIon
As water evaporates, surface of water that
remaIns cools down
"Hottest" molecules are most lIkely to leave
as gas
EvaporatIon of sweat prevents
overheatIng
Same effect also occurs In other anImals
and plants
H
2
D Is a lIquId at normal physIologIcal
and body temperatures
Water that comes out of body as sweat Is a
lIquId
Has a hIgh heat of vaporIzatIon
As water evaporates, surface of water that
remaIns cools down
"Hottest" molecules are most lIkely to leave
as gas
EvaporatIon of sweat prevents
overheatIng
Same effect also occurs In other anImals
and plants
Sweating and the evaporation of sweat from the body surface help reduce
a humans body temperature.
Water FIses In Porous |aterIals Water FIses In Porous |aterIals
|olecules are adhesIve: form hydrogen
bonds wIth polar surfaces
PartIal posItIve charge of hydrogen atoms form
bonds wIth posItIve regIons
PartIal negatIve charge of oxygen atoms form
bonds wIth negatIve regIons
|olecules "stIck" to paper fIbers
|olecules are cohesIve: form hydrogen
bonds wIth each other
Allows molecules to "stIck" to other water
molecules that have bonded wIth paper fIbers
Water Is pulled Into the open spaces
between the paper fIbers, soakIng the
paper as It absorbs the water
|olecules are adhesIve: form hydrogen
bonds wIth polar surfaces
PartIal posItIve charge of hydrogen atoms form
bonds wIth posItIve regIons
PartIal negatIve charge of oxygen atoms form
bonds wIth negatIve regIons
|olecules "stIck" to paper fIbers
|olecules are cohesIve: form hydrogen
bonds wIth each other
Allows molecules to "stIck" to other water
molecules that have bonded wIth paper fIbers
Water Is pulled Into the open spaces
between the paper fIbers, soakIng the
paper as It absorbs the water
f you touch the edge of a paper towel to a drop of colored water, the
water will move up into (or be absorbed by) the towel.
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8IblIography 8IblIography
Campbell, NeIl A., and Jane 8. Feece. Water and the FItness of the
EnvIronment. 8Iology. 7th ed. San FrancIsco: Pearson, 8enjamIn
CummIngs, 2005. 4756. PrInt.
PIdwIrny, |Ichael. PhysIcal PropertIes of Water. Fundamentals of
PhysIcal Ceography. 2nd ed. 2006. Fundamentals e8ook. Web. 2J
Dct. 2011.
http://www.physIcalgeography.net/fundamentals/8a.html.
Seavey, |arcy |. Water PropertIes. Water EducatIon for Teachers.
owa Project WET, 1J Feb. 2002. Web. 22 Dct. 2011.
http://www.unI.edu/-Iowawet/H2DPropertIes.html.
Campbell, NeIl A., and Jane 8. Feece. Water and the FItness of the
EnvIronment. 8Iology. 7th ed. San FrancIsco: Pearson, 8enjamIn
CummIngs, 2005. 4756. PrInt.
PIdwIrny, |Ichael. PhysIcal PropertIes of Water. Fundamentals of
PhysIcal Ceography. 2nd ed. 2006. Fundamentals e8ook. Web. 2J
Dct. 2011.
http://www.physIcalgeography.net/fundamentals/8a.html.
Seavey, |arcy |. Water PropertIes. Water EducatIon for Teachers.
owa Project WET, 1J Feb. 2002. Web. 22 Dct. 2011.
http://www.unI.edu/-Iowawet/H2DPropertIes.html.