Mobile

Compu,ng and Commerce, and Pervasive Compu,ng

 mobile commerce (m-commerce, m-business) Any business ac,vity conducted over a wireless telecommunica,ons network or from wireless handheld devices
There are currently over 3 billion mobile phones worldwide (Informa, Nov 2007). How can we make sense of this huge gure? It means that approximately 40% of the worlds popula,on currently carries a mobile phone. Access to Internet: 750 million via mobile and 850 million via PC

 ATTRIBUTES OF M-COMMERCE
Ubiquity Convenience Interac,vity Personaliza,on Localiza,on

DRIVERS OF M-COMMERCE
Widespread availability of more powerful mobile devices The handset culture The service economy Vendors push The mobile workforce Increased mobility Improved price/performance Improving bandwidth

 wireless mobile compuAng (mobile compuAng) Compu,ng that connects a mobile device to a network or another compu,ng device, any,me, anywhere

 MOBILE DEVICES
Mobile computers Laptops, notebook personal digital assistant (PDA) A stand-alone handheld computer principally used for personal informa,on management smartphone A mobile phone with PC-like capabili,es

 MOBILE COMPUTING SOFTWARE AND SERVICES

Messaging Services
short message service (SMS) A service that supports the sending and receiving of short text messages on mobile phones mulAmedia messaging service (MMS) The emerging genera,on of wireless messaging; MMS is able to deliver rich media such as video and audio

 LocaAon-Based Services use global posi,oning system (GPS) to nd customers or clients Voice-Support Services
interacAve voice response (IVR) A voice system that enables users to request and receive informa,on and to enter and change data through a telephone to a computerized system voice portal A Web site with an audio interface that can be accessed through a telephone call

 WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

personal area network (PAN) A wireless telecommunica,ons network for device-to- device connec,ons within a very short range

wireless local area network (WLAN) A telecommunica,ons network that enables users to make short-range wireless connec,ons to the Internet or another network
Wi-Fi (wireless delity) The common name used to describe the IEEE 802.11 standard used on most WLANs

Bluetooth A set of telecommunica,ons standards that enables wireless devices to communicate with each other over short distances

 WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) A wireless standard (IEEE 802.16) for making broadband network connec,ons over a medium-size area such as a city

wireless wide area network (WWAN) A telecommunica,ons network that oers wireless coverage over a large geographical area, typically over a cellular phone network; based on speed i.e. 2G, 3G, 4G
e.g. Mobily 3.5G

e.g. Mobily Broadband @ Home is a service design to connect peoples homes to the Internet. It runs over technology called WiMAX and Mobily has built its own new WiMAX towers across the Kingdom.

Source: Mobile Commerce: opportunities and challenges , A GS1 Mobile Com White Paper (2006)

1. Iden,ca,on keys are numeric codes that are used to iden,fy objects 2. Data carriers are physical representa,on that carries the numeric codes (such as a bar code or RFID tag) 3. Mobile devices are able to capture data from the data carrier 4. Network providers and technologies make it possible to exchange data across a network 5. Informa,on providers provide informa,on processing and transac,onal func,onality

Source: Mobile Commerce: opportunities and challenges , A GS1 Mobile Com White Paper (2006)

Numeric iden,ca,on codes are used to uniquely iden,fy traded items, loca,ons or services. Bar codes or RFID tags are used to represent these iden,ers so that the mobile devices can capture them. An owner of a mobile device scans the bar code or tag and captures the iden,ca,on code. A par,cular request is then issued by the mobile device and sent though a network to an informa,on provider. Informa,on processing takes place and the desired response is sent back to the mobile device.

Source: Mobile Commerce: opportunities and challenges , A GS1 Mobile Com White Paper (2006)

 Adver,sing & Promo,on: adver,sing and promo,onal informa,on is sent direct to mobile phones Store Loca,on: a map is displayed on a mobile phone showing where consumers can buy a product In-store naviga,on: consumers nd products more easily when in a shop Comparison Shopping: consumers use their mobile phone to access informa,on about product characteris,cs and price for related products Informa,on & Extended Packaging: consumers access addi,onal informa,on about products through their mobile phone Data-rich products: consumers access informa,on about products through their mobile phones Self-Scanning: consumers in supermarkets use their mobile phone (rather than a device supplied by the supermarket) to scan products as they do their shopping

 Authen,ca,on: mobile phones are used to check whether or not a product is genuine Payment: mobile phones are able to make payment anywhere, any,me Ticke,ng: mobile phones are used to distribute and redeem ,ckets Coupons: mobile phones used both to capture and redeem coupons and discounts Loyalty Schemes: mobile phones are used to send targeted promo,onal coupons Loyalty Cards: mobile phones replace physical loyalty cards Recall: mobile phones are used to access informa,on about product recall easily

 Interac,ve TV: TV viewers can interact with whats happening on screen using their mobile phone Interac,ve Publica,ons: Publica,on readers can retrieve more informa,on using their mobile phone Catalogue shopping: mobile phones are used to place orders for products in a catalogue Trial of digital/non-digital media: mobile phones are used to trial books, magazines, music and video Personal Safety: mobile phones are used to alert current loca,on Text to voice: mobile phones translate text to voice for elderly or visually-impaired consumers

Source: Mobile Commerce: opportunities and challenges , A GS1 Mobile Com White Paper (2006)

 Ordering: Mobile phones are used to reorder products with orders sent to the supplier in a standard format Delivery Conrma,on: Mobile phones are used to report or retrieve informa,on about the status of orders during the transport and delivery process Stock control: mobile phones can be used to keep track of stock and send updates to a central database Authen,ca,on: mobile phones are used to check whether or not a product is genuine Supply Chain Informa,on: informa,on about the supply chain processes is available via a mobile device Traceability: mobile phones are used to access traceability informa,on about a product Distributed teams/collabora,on: mobile phones are used by teams to work together more eec,vely

 MOBILE BANKING
to check balance, monitor transac,ons, obtain account informa,on, transfer funds, locate branches or ATMs, pay bills

MOBILE PAYMENTS
Payment transac,ons ini,ated or conrmed using a persons cell phone or smartphone.

 MOBILE MARKETING CAMPAIGNS Four classes of mobile marke,ng campaigns: 1. Informa,on program about products, news, interest 2. Entertainment program that produce value to customer and amusement through videos, music, games, personalised ringtones 3. Raes program provide prizes such as digital content or physical goods 4. Coupons program oer monetary incen,ves like discount, trail package

 mobile worker Any employee who is away from their primary work space at least 10 hours a week or 25 percent of the ,me Mobile workers can be divided into three segments:
Mobile professionals (senior execu,ves and consultants) Mobile eld force (eld sales and service technicians) Mobile specialty workers (delivery personnel and construc,on workers)

Solu,ons using

Mobile oce applica,ons Sales force automa,on (SFA) Field force automa,on (FFA) Mobile CRM (e-CRM)

 Any type of leisure ac,vity that u,lizes wireless telecommunica,on networks, interacts with service providers, and incurs a cost upon usage
MOBILE MUSIC AND VIDEO MOBILE GAMES
Technology Number of players solo, mul,players Genre ac,on, puzzle, skill, sport, racing,

 locaAon-based m-commerce (l-commerce) Delivery of m-commerce transac,ons to individuals in a specic loca,on, at a specic ,me
The services provided through loca,on-based m- commerce focus on ve key factors:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Loca,on posi,on of object or people Naviga,on route from one loca,on to another Tracking monitoring movement of object or people Mapping specic geographical loca,on Timing ,me at specic loca,on

See www.mobily.com.sa

 L-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE
Mobile devices tools to request informa,on such as transceivers, mobile phones etc Communica,on network network transfer user data and service request from mobile terminal to service provider then transfer back to user. Posi,oning component to determine user posi,on by network or GPS Service or applica,on provider to service user request Data or content provider supplier of geographical or loca,on-based data
geographical informaAon system (GIS) A computer system capable of integra,ng, storing, edi,ng, analyzing, sharing, and displaying geographically-referenced (spa,al) informa,on

 M-COMMERCE SECURITY ISSUES

Worms capable of spreading through mobile phones Open-air transmission of signals across mul,ple networks opens up new opportuni,es for compromising security
E.g. issue of Blackberry service

Mobile devices are easily lost or stolen ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND HEALTH ISSUES

The isola,on that mobile devices can impose on a workforce Field service employees dispatched remotely visit the oce only briey at the start and end of each day, if at all Not easy to separate work and personal life on a cell phone, unless one is willing to carry two phones or two PDAs Health damage from cellular radio frequency emissions Monitoring sta movements based on GPS-enabled devices or vehicles

 pervasive compuAng Invisible, everywhere compu,ng; compu,ng capabili,es embedded into the objects around us
Invisible Compu,ng, embedded compu,ng, augmenter compu,ng, ubiquitous compu,ng

 radio frequency idenAcaAon (RFID) A short-range radio frequency communica,on technology for remotely storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID tags and RFID readers
RFID Basics
An RFID tags comprises microchip, antenna, enclosed within a plas,c, silicon or glass. An RFID reader containing a radio transmiqer and receiver

RFID Applica,ons Tracking and iden,fying people Tracking vehicles and commuters Tracking animals Tracking assets Tracking product inventory electronic product code (EPC) A product iden,ca,on standard that species the manufacturer, producer, version, and serial number of each (product) item and tag in the RFID in each object