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WORLD UNIVERSITY
06
Aachen RWT Aarhus University Aberdeen University Amsterdam University Auckland University Australian
National University Basel University Bath University Beijing University Birmingham University Boston University
BrandeisUniversity Bristol University Brown University Brussels Free University (Flemish) Brussels Free University
(French) California Institute of Technology Cambridge University Cardiff University Carnegie Mellon University
Case Western Reserve University Catholic University of Leuven (Flemish) Catholic University of Louvain (French)
Chalmers University of Technology China University of Science and Technology Chinese University of Hong Kong
Chulalongkorn University City University of Hong Kong Columbia University Copenhagen University Cornell
University Cranfield University Curtin University of Technology Dartmouth College Delft University of Technology
Duke University Durham University Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, Lyon Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, Paris Ecole
Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne Ecole Polytechnique Edinburgh University Eindhoven University of
Technology Emory University Erasmus University Rotterdam ETH Zurich Frankfurt University Free University Berlin
Free University of Amsterdam Fudan University Geneva University George Washington University Georgetown
University Georgia Institute of Technology Ghent University Glasgow University G\u00f6ttingen University Harvard
University Hebrew University of Jerusalem Heidelberg University Helsinki University Hokkaido University Hong
Kong University Science and Technology Humboldt University Berlin Imperial College London Indian Institutes of
Management Indian Institutes of Technology Innsbruck University Jawaharlal Nehru University Johns Hopkins
University Keio University King\u2019s College London Kobe University Korea Advanced Institute of Science and
Technology Korea University Kyoto University Kyushu University La Sapienza University, Rome Lausanne
University Leeds University Leiden University Liverpool University Lomonosov Moscow State University London
School of Economics Lund University Maastricht University Macquarie University Malaya University Manchester
University Maryland University Massachusetts Institute of Technology McGill University McMaster University
Melbourne University Michigan State University Monash University Munich University Nagoya University Nanjing
University Nanyang Technological University National Autonomous University of Mexico National Taiwan University
National University of Singapore New York University Newcastle upon Tyne University NijmegenUniversity
Northwestern University Notre Dame University Nottingham University Osaka University Oslo UniversityOtago
University Oxford University Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania University Pierre and Marie CurieUniversity
Pittsburgh University Princeton University Purdue University Queen Mary, University of London Queen\u2019sUniversity
Queensland University Queensland University of Technology Reading University Rice University RMITUniversity
Rochester University Royal Institute of Technology Saint Petersburg State University School of Oriental and African
Studies Sciences Po Seoul National University Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sheffield UniversitySouthampton
University St Andrews University Stanford University State University of New York Stony Brook SussexUniversity
Sydney University Technical University Munich Technical University of Denmark Technion \u2014 Israel Institute of
Technology Tel Aviv University Texas A&M University Tohoku University Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo
University Trinity College Dublin Tsing Hua University Tufts University Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al University College
London University Louis Pasteur Strasbourg University of Adelaide University of Alberta University of Barcelona
University of Bern University of British Columbia University of California, Berkeley University of California, Davis
University of California, Irvine University of California, Los Angeles University of California, San Diego University of
California, Santa Barbara University of Chicago University of Hong Kong University of Illinois University of
Kebangsaan Malaysia University of Massachusetts, AmherstUniversity of Michigan University of Minnesota
University of New South Wales University of North Carolina University of Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV) University of
Southern California University of Texas at Austin University of Toronto University of Tubingen University of Twente
University of Ulm University of Western Australia University of Wisconsin University of Wollongong Uppsala
University Utrecht University Vanderbilt University Vienna Technical University Vienna University Virginia University
Wageningen University Wake Forest University Warwick University Waseda University Washington University
Washington University, St Louis Yale University Yeshiva University York University Zurich University
RANKINGS
OCTOBER 6 2006
his third edition of The Times
HigherWorld University Rankings
shows most of the leading
institutions maintaining their

positions, but considerable change
further down the main table. Harvard
University remains at the top of the tree
\u2014 albeit with a much-reduced lead
at the end of a turbulent year \u2014
and Imperial College London is
the only newcomer in the top ten.

Cambridge University has
moved up to second place and
Yale University has entered the
top five for the first time, but
there is a settled look about the
leading group. US universities still
dominate the top ten, with the UK
well represented, but the top 30 includes
institutions from China, Australia, France,
Singapore, Japan, Canada and Switzerland.

After only two years, inevitably the
rankings are still settling down. The
methodology continues to be refined \u2014 in
this edition, for example, with a shift from
measuring ten years of citations to five \u2014
and the prevailing views of universities do
alter. As a result, there have been some big
shifts this year. Tsing Hua University, which
regularly tops China\u2019s domestic university
league tables, is a prime example, climbing
from outside the top 50 to 28th place.

There will be further changes of
methodology as new sources of comparison
become available. But, for the sake of
consistency, the basis of the rankings has
remained the same in the current edition.
More academics from a wider range of
countries have taken part in the peer-review
exercise conducted by QS Quacquarelli
Symonds, and the company\u2019s survey of
international employers has been greatly
expanded, but the same six measures
have been used as in 2005.

Consequently, the calculation of citations

per academic and the ratio of students
to academic staff remain the other key
indicators, while the proportion of
international staff and students is
included with a lower weighting. A full
explanation of this year\u2019s methodology
follows on pages 6 and 7.

The decision to opt for a
stable system at this stage has
not been for want of discussion
with academics and university
administrators in many parts of
the globe. Over one weekend in
May, the rankings were being
discussed in Berlin, Seoul and
Tartu, in Estonia. Other meetings
have been held in Australia,

Japan, Greece and Lithuania, to name but a
few. The overriding theme of these debates
has been the difficulty of sourcing truly
international data and agreeing a framework
for comparing the world\u2019s great universities.

Ranking universities will remain
controversial for the foreseeable future. But
there is much less argument than there was
two years ago about whether the process
should even be attempted.
Universities continue to define
themselves internationally, both
at subject level and as whole
institutions. Different rankings
have emerged in the past
12 months, and there is broad
acceptance that cross-border
comparisons are here to stay in
higher education.

David Levin, the president of Yale, gave
his account of what makes a global
university in the magazineNewsweek earlier
this year. \u201cIn response to the same forces
that have propelled the world economy,
universities have become more self-
consciously global: seeking students from
around the world who represent the entire
spectrum of cultures and values, sending

their own students abroad to prepare them
for global careers, offering courses of
study that address the challenges of an
interconnected world and collaborative
research programmes to advance science
for the benefit of all humanity,\u201d he wrote.

The World University Rankings will
continue to focus on research, teaching
and international outlook, attempting to
give a picture of current strengths rather
than the backward look that is inherent in
tallies of Nobel prizes and other accolades
from past decades. That requires not only
the adoption of proxy measures such as
staffing levels, in the absence of international
comparisons of teaching standards, but also
the sampling of expert opinion. As in
previous editions, full-time academics
have been asked to identify the leading
universities in their own discipline, and their
views have been aggregated into a judgment
on overall institutions. The results by groups
of subjects \u2014 the arts and humanities, social
sciences, natural sciences, biomedicine and
engineering and IT \u2014 will appear inThe

Times Higher over the next three weeks.

But the aim is to produce the most
expert view of academic strengths
rather than an impressionistic
verdict on whole universities that
may be swayed by outside factors.

The main ranking, as in previous

years, is more diverse than many
experts would have predicted.
Thirty countries have universities
in the top 200 in the world, and

more will be represented in the 500 that will be listed in a book based on the rankings to be published in the next few weeks.

There remain issues about the advantages
enjoyed by English-language universities
and those institutions with a base in science
and medicine, but there will be continuing
efforts to level the playing field as far as
is practicable.

\u2018The decision
to opt for a
stable system
at this stage
has not been
for want of

discussion\u2019
\u2018There is broad
acceptance
that cross-
border

comparisons are now here to stay\u2019

WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGSEDITORIAL
2OCTOBER 6 2006 THE TIMES HIGHER
T
Global vision ensures
healthy competition
The elite institutions have mostly held their places, but below them is a host of challengers from
around the world. John O\u2019Leary tracks changes in fortunes and refinements in survey methods
1
1
Harvard University
US
93
100
15
25
56
55
100.0
2
3
Cambridge University
UK
100
79
58
43
64
17
96.8
3
4
Oxford University
UK
97
76
54
39
61
15
92.7
4=
2
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
US
81
93
11
39
42
54
89.2
4=
7
Yale University
US
72
81
45
26
93
24
89.2
6
5
Stanford University
US
82
85
9
34
32
55
85.4
7
8
California Institute of Technology
US
53
21
24
40
67
100
83.8
8
6
University of California, Berkeley
US
92
75
6
13
22
39
80.4
9
13
Imperial College London
UK
65
44
55
56
88
12
78.6
10
9
Princeton University
US
68
61
21
29
53
34
74.2
11
17
University of Chicago
US
57
67
19
30
73
17
69.8
12
20
Columbia University
US
57
64
9
32
74
17
69.0
13
11
Duke University
US
39
78
11
21
100
19
68.3
14
15
Beijing University
China
70
55
5
11
69
2
67.9
15
14
Cornell University
US
60
74
10
25
44
26
65.9
16
23
Australian National University
Australia
72
30
48
33
38
13
64.8
17
11
London School of Economics
UK
42
85
89
100
53
1
63.9
18
24
Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, Paris
France
46
30
22
28
69
37
63.3
19= 22
National University of Singapore
Singapore
70
44
82
47
22
8
63.1
19= 16
Tokyo University
Japan
72
29
8
10
35
27
63.1
21
24
McGill University
Canada
57
61
31
33
52
10
62.3
22
19
Melbourne University
Australia
72
44
51
36
25
7
61.6
23
27
Johns Hopkins University
US
49
37
15
20
65
29
61.3
24
21
ETH Zurich
Switzerland
51
25
84
45
44
23
59.7
25
28
University College London
UK
46
28
39
47
70
12
58.7
26
32
Pennsylvania University
US
45
64
17
26
52
22
57.8
27
29
University of Toronto
Canada
63
51
37
17
15
25
57.7
28
62
Tsing Hua University
China
45
34
22
9
84
1
56.1
29= 31
Kyoto University
Japan
61
20
15
7
44
18
56.0
29= 36
University of Michigan
US
50
61
15
19
46
15
56.0
31
37
University of California, Los Angeles
US
58
42
2
12
34
25
55.9
32
26
University of Texas at Austin
US
44
56
24
14
19
53
55.0
33= 30
Edinburgh University
UK
54
42
28
29
42
11
54.8
33= 41
University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong
48
40
84
27
46
6
54.8
35= 44
Carnegie Mellon University
US
44
64
28
40
48
11
54.6
35= 38
Sydney University
Australia
65
26
56
31
23
8
54.6
37
10
Ecole Polytechnique
France
37
40
18
40
64
17
53.0
38
33
Monash University
Australia
57
40
61
51
21
5
52.6
39
88
Geneva University
Switzerland
26
13
69
58
81
7
49.9
40
35
Manchester University
UK
44
50
42
29
38
6
49.0
41
40
University of New South Wales
Australia
56
36
23
37
20
7
48.2
42
46
Northwestern University
US
32
71
12
20
44
19
47.9
43
56
New York University
US
39
51
8
16
55
6
47.6
44
42
University of California, San Diego
US
46
16
3
9
26
42
47.5
45
47
Queensland University
Australia
52
26
51
31
18
12
47.2
46= 52
Auckland University
New Zealand 51
17
44
21
38
2
46.8
46= 73
King\u2019s College London
UK
42
28
42
30
44
7
46.8
48= 73
Rochester University
US
21
26
8
23
91
12
46.7
48= 58
Washington University, St Louis
US
25
32
5
18
73
22
46.7
50= 38
University of British Columbia
Canada
51
38
23
15
19
16
46.4
50= 51
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong
39
38
62
24
41
7
46.4
52
69
Sciences Po
France
21
29
22
53
86
\u2013
45.6
53 114
Vanderbilt University
US
22
37
2
14
81
14
45.3
54= 71
Brown University
US
32
32
34
20
50
18
45.0
54= 66
Copenhagen University
Denmark
44
21
12
13
51
5
45.0
56 141
Emory University
US
19
38
1
14
84
15
44.9
57
50
Indian Institutes of Technology
India
45
34
0
1
27
24
44.5
58= 45
Heidelberg University
Germany
43
28
17
28
36
11
44.3
58= 43
Hong Kong University Sci & Technol
Hong Kong
40
41
74
21
17
16
44.3
60 109
Case Western Reserve University
US
19
34
3
24
77
19
44.2
61= 117
Dartmouth College
US
22
56
13
17
59
16
43.7
61= 48
Nanyang Technological University
Singapore
40
37
77
56
21
3
43.7
63
93
Seoul National University
South Korea
43
13
2
7
57
4
43.6
64= 49
Bristol University
UK
36
44
37
26
34
10
43.2
64= 34
Ecole Polytech F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne
Switzerland
28
13
70
66
47
11
43.2
66
54
Boston University
US
35
38
9
21
47
10
42.9
67
70
Eindhoven University of Technology
Netherlands
19
18
21
11
92
3
42.1
2006RANK
2005RANK
COUNTRY
NAME
OVERALLSCOR
E
PEERREVIEWS
CORE
(40%)
RECRUITERRE
VIEW
(10%)
INT'LFACULT
YSCORE
(5%)
FACULTY/STU
DENT
SCORE(20%)
CITATIONS/F
ACULTY
SCORE(20%)
THE WORLD\u2019S TOP 200 UNIVERSITIES
INT'LSTUDEN
TS
SCORE(5%)
THE TOP 200 WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS
THE TIMES HIGHER OCTOBER 6 2006 3
Source: QS
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