Work Study

EXPERIMENT NO. 1
Aim :- Study of Charts
CHARTS :-
This-is the most popular method of recording the facts. The activity comprising
job are recorded by means of method study symbol. Great care is to be taken in preparing
charts so that the information it shows is easily understood and recognized. Following
information should be given in charts,
i) Adequate description of activities,
ii) Whether the charting is for present or proposed method,
iii) Specific reference to when item is begin and end.
iv) Time and distance scale used whenever necessary,
v) The date of charting and the name of person who does charting.
S.N. Type of chart It's application

1. Operation process or Give birds eye view of process and records Principal
outline process chart operation and Inspection.
2 Flow Process chart
a) Man type Sequence of activities performed by worker
b) Machine type Sequence of activities performed by machine
c) Equipment type Sequence of activities performed by equipment
3. Multiple Activity Chart Chart shows the activities of man or machine on a
common time scale
4. Two handed process chart activity performed by workers two hand

5. Travel chart Movement of man or material between

department.
6. SIMO chart Activities of workers legs and other body
movement on common time scale.
Diagrams :

7. Flow / string diagram Path of flow of man / material

8. Models & materials Work - Place layout
9. Cycle graph and High speed short cycle operation recorded.
monocycle graph

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Symbol used for recording

Operation

Inspection

Transportation

Delay

Storage

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Flow Process Chart Material type < Present Method >

Task : Machining operation
Chart begin : Component lying in storage
Chart end : Machine component lying in storage room
Charted by :
Date of charting :

1 Lying in storage

10 minute Transfer to the machine

2 minute 1 Loaded on machine

5 minute 2 Machining of component

12 minute To inspection bench

15 minute Wait till inspector arrives/free

2 minute 33 Inspection

12 minute To store

0.2 minute 2 Placed in Rack

2 Stored in rack

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Operation Frequency Time Distance

4 9.0 -

3 - 34 m

1 2 minute -

1 15 minute -

2 - -

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Flow Process Chart Man Type < Present Method >

Task : Writing a letter
Charts begin : Typist in his chair in his office
Charts end : Typist put letter in out tray
Checked by :
Date of Charting :

Symbol

Frequency 8 4 1 •• 1

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EXPERIMENT NO. 2

Aim : Construction of two handed process chart <Present Method>

Task : Assembly of Nut and Bolt.
Chart begin : Both hands are free before assembly
Chart ends : Both hands free after assembly
Charted by :
Date of charting :

Summary

Symbol

Frequency of Right hand

5 4 - -

Frequency of Left hand

2 2 2 2

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Task : Making Aatta using hand flour mill

Chart begins : Both hands are free before making the Aatta
Chart ends : Both hands are free after making the Aatta
Charted by :
Date of charting :

Summary

Symbol

Frequency of Right hand 3 1 1 3

Frequency of Left hand 3 3 2 -

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EXPERIMENT NO. 3
Aim : Study of Multiple activity chart < Present Method>
Task : Machining of component
Chart begin : The part to be machined laying near machine
Chart ends : Machined part laying in the container
Charted by
Date of charting
Operator Machine
Description T S T S

0.20 Load job 0.2 IDLE

0.28 Switch ON 0.08 IDLE
0.36 Switch ON 0.08 IDLE
1.86 Idle Machining of 1.5
part auto cycle
1.91 Pick up part 0.05 Idle
1.96 Keep in tray 0.05 Idle

Subject Cycle in minute Time worked per cycle % Utilized

Operator 1.96 0.46 23.4%
Machine 1.98 1.5 76.6%

The operator engaged on machine perform following operations.

1) Pick up job, place it between jaws of hydraulic spice 0.2 min.
2) Make the Switch ON to tightly hold the part to 0.03 min.
3) Make the Switch ON to make automatic operation 0.8 min.
4) Machining of part on auto cycle 1.5 min
5) Wait till vice open automatically 0.08 min.
6) Pick up the machine job 0.05 min.
7) Keep in tray 0.05 min.

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Suggestion :
It is seen that operator is idle for much of time i.e. 76.6% we can allow additional
machine to him.
Cycle time(T )
No. of machine =
Activity time of operator (a)
1.96
Example n = = 4.26
0.46
n ≅ 4 machines

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EXPERIMENT NO. 4
Aim :
To serve the meal in ward having 17 beds and proposed improved method .
Available Equipments :
Three dishes and 17 plates, stationary table and 17 patients laying on beds.
Proposed Method :
A trolley with wheels having space for dishes and plates.
Operator :
Operator is a narse serving the meal.
Starting station :
Starting station is a kitchen 12 m from the main door of the ward.
Description of earlier Method :
Dishes and plates are placed at place and meal is served in one place at one time.
Then operator travels to bed 1, serve it to patient, comes with empty handed to the
stationary table. Serve second patient, travel to bed 2 and come empty handed to
stationary table and so on upto 17 bed and return back to kitchen. The same procedure is
followed to collect empty plates. Description of improved method :
Portable trolley in the kitchen, 3 dishes and plates are kept on the trolley, operator
pushes the trolley to A first operator serves the meal in 2 plates. Operator takes plate in
left and right hand and travel to bed 1. Then right hand plate is served to bed 1 and right
hand plate is given to bed 2. come back to station A pushes trolley to station 2. Serve the
plate and take 2 plates in two hand, walk to bed 3, serve right hand plate to bed 3 walk to
bed 4 serve the meal to bed 4 and come back to station B. The push the trolley to station
c. Serve the meal in two hand walk to station 5 then to the stations 6,7. Then return back
to the station c. Then push the trolley to station D and serve the meal to the bed 8,9 and
10, then come back with empty plates to station D. Then take the two plates in hand and
serve the bed 11 and come back with empty plate then serve the meal to the bed 12 and
then 13 and return back to the station D. Then push the trolley to the next station E. Then
take the meal & serve it to the station 14 and 15. Then come back with the empty plate to
the station. Then push the trolley to the next station F. Take the meal in two hand and
serve the meal to the 16 and 17 bed. Then come back with empty plate to the station.

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< Original Method >

S. Description Qty. Distance Time Symbol Remark
No. (m) (Min)

Transport first
1 course and 17 16 0.50
plates
Kitchen to
2 serving table on 17 - 0.30
tray.
Place dishes
3 and plates on - - 0.25
table
Serve from
4 three dishes to 1 7.3 0.25
plate
Carries plate to
5 bed 1 and - - 0.25
return
Carries plate to
6 bed 2 and 1 6 0.23
return
Service - - 0.25
7 completed and
places dishes
on tray
8 Return to
kitchen
< Original Method >
S. Description Qty. Distance Time Symbol Remark
No. (m) (Min)

Transport first
1 course and 17 16 0.50
plates
Kitchen to
2 serving table on 17 - 0.30
tray.
Place dishes
3 and plates on - - 0.25
table
Serve from
4 three dishes to 1 7.3 0.25
plate
Carries plate to
5 bed 1 and - - 0.25
return

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6 Return to position - 3 0.12

A
7 Pushes trolley to - - 0.40
position B.
8 Serve two plates 2 0.6 0.25
Carries 2 plates to
9 bed 3 carries 1 from 1 16 0.50
bed 3 to 4 Return
to position B.
10 Return to kitchen
with trolley

Questions asked for improvements :

1) Purpose : What is actually done ?
Solution : Given in description of original method

2) Why : Is the activity necessary at all ?

Solution: Patients can not move because of their illness & operation. They have to
serve meals at their own beds & it is must.

3) Can it be eliminated ?
Solution : It cannot be eliminated.

4) Place : Where is it being done ? Why is it done at that particular place ?

Solution : Meal is served on the bed, it is comfortable for patient to take a meal on
bed. If it is served at any other place, patient can not move it is not possible. Nor you
can keep table near the bed but it is possible to serve 2 beds at a time. This is how you
can combine the operation.

5) Sequence : When is it done? Why is it done at that particular time ?

Solution : To have regularity in the body intake it is served regularly at fixed time and
as the normal time it is between 11 to 1 p.m.

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6) Can you rearrange sequence ?

Solution : It can not be rearranged because of various reasons.

7) Person : Who is doing it? Why is it done by that particular person ?

Solution : It is done by Nurse. Familiarity is there and she is taking care of that
patient. She is employee of hospital.& it is her duty.

8) How is it being done? Why is it being done in that particular way?

Solution : Nurse serves the meal to the patient one at a time because of customs but it
can be rearranged and simplified. Portable trolley can be designed & two hands can
be used for serving the meal. Since being portable trolley can be moved from station
A to B to C to D & to F.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 5
AIM : Example of a time study
Theory : Elements and break points

a] Pick up casting, locating fixtures, lock two nuts, safe guard, start m/c and autofeed,
depth of cut 2.5 mm, speed 80 r.p.m, feed 40 cm/min. Break point — m/c commences cut

b] Hold casting, break milled edge with file, clean with compressed air. Break Point -
Air gun drop on book

c] Move depth gauge to casting, check m/c surface, move gauge again. Break Point - Left
hand release gauge

d] Pick up m/c Casting, carry to finish parts, boxes and placed aside, pick up next part
and position on m/c table Break point - casting heats table.

e] Wait for machine tool to complete cut Break Point - m/c ceases to cut

f] Stop m/c, return table, open guard, unlock fixture, removed m/c casting and placed on
surface plate. Break Point - casting heats surface plate.

g] Clear, swarf from machine table with compressed air Break point - Air gun drop on the
hook

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TIME STUDY TOP SHEET

Department : Machine shop - milling section
Operation : Finish mill second
Material : Cast - iron
Element R WR ST BT Element R WR ST BT
Description Description
Time before - 1/2 - -
(1) A 110 95 23 25 (4) A 80 622 32 26
Element B 100 220 25 25 B 85 50 28 24
B. Pas C 100 32 12 12 C 85 63 13 11
Card no. D 95 52 20 19 D 85 63 20 17
1264 E - 77 25 - E - 703 20 -
F 110 300 23 25 F 105 26 23 24
G 110 8 8 9 G 85 38 12 10

(2) A 110 31 23 25 (5) A 80 70 32 26

B 95 58 27 26 B 85 97 27 23
C 95 71 13 12 C 85 810 810 13
D 100 85 18 18 D 85 30 20 17
E - 412 23 - E - 53 23 -
F 105 37 25 26 F 105 76 23 24
G 100 47 10 10 G 85 88 12 10

(3) A 105 72 25 26 (6) A 95 915 27 26

B 105 97 25 26 B 95 42 27 26
C 95 510 13 12 C 105 54 12 13
D 110 28 18 20 D 80 77 23 18
E - 53 25 - E - 97 20 -
F 100 78 25 25 F 95 120 23 22
G 100 30 10 10 G 100 30 10 10
418 440

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TIME STUDY CONTINUATION SHEET

Element R WR ST BT Element R WR ST BT
Descriptior Description
(7) A 105 55 25 26 (11) A 115 86 25 29

B 115 78 23 26 B 95 1713 27 26
C 95 91 13 12 C 75 28 15 11

D 85 1113 22 19 D 85 50 22 19
E - 36 23 - E - 68 18 -
F 80 68 32 26 F 115 90 22 25

G 95 80 12 11 G 80 1803 13 10
(8) A 75 1218 38 28 (12) A 95 36 27 26

B 110 40 22 21 B 95 55 25 24

C 105 52 12 13 C 100 67 12 12

D 100 70 18 18 D 95 87 20 19

E - 1300 30 - E - 1902 15 -

F 115 25 25 29 F 95 30 28 27

G 105 35 10 10 G 75 42 12 09

Talk to 75 40 Break for 2554 612

Foreman area
(9) A 105 1400 25 26 (13) A 85 86 32 27

B 110 25 25 25 B 80 2618 32 26

C 95 38 13 12 C 85 33 15 13

D 95 56 18 17 D 100 53 280 20

E - 81 25 - E - 68 15 -

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F 100 1509 28 28 F 85 96 28 24

G 85 21 12 10 G 95 2708 12 11

(10) A 95 43 22 21 (14) A 80 40 32 26

B 80 75 32 26 B 100 65 25 25

C 95 88 13 12 C 85 80 15 13

D 95 1608 20 19 D 95 2800 20 19

E - 25 17 - E - 22 22 -

F 105 48 23 24 F 80 54 32 26

G 85 61 13 11 G 105 64 10 10
631 1203
(15) A 95 93 27 26 (18) A 100 71 27 25
B 80 3023 30 24 B 100 96 25 25
C 100 36 13 13 C 95 609 13 12
D 100 56 20 20 D 75 34 25 19
E - 74 18 - E - 52 18 -
F 80 106 32 20 F 100 77 25 25
G 105 16 10 10 G 75 92 15 11
(16) A 80 49 33 26 Watch stop 800
B 85 77 28 21 a.m. (elasp
C 105 89 12 13 earlier) 108
D 100 207 18 18
E - 30 23 -
F 95 57 27 26
G 85 70 13 11
(17) A 100 417 27 27
B 85 45 32 27
C 85 64 15 13
D 85 86 22 13

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E - 509 23 -
F 100 34 25 25

G 105 44 10 10

680 Elapsed 3000

Working Sheet
Elements A B C D E F MCT Actual
Minute
(Basic Time
Cycle No.
1 25 25 12 19 25 09 82

2 25 26 12 18 26 10 81

3 26 26 12 20 25 11 81

4 26 24 11 17 24 10 81

5 26 23 11 17 24 10 83

6 26 26 13 18 22 10 82

7 26 26 12 19 26 11 81

8 28 24 13 18 28 10 82

9 26 25 12 17 28 10 81

10 21 26 12 19 24 11 82

11 29 26 11 19 25 10 82

12 26 24 12 19 27 9 (72)

13 27 26 13 20 24 11 82

14 26 25 13 19 26 10 82

15 26 24 13 20 26 10 81

16 26 24 13 18 26 11 81

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17 27 27 13 19 25 10 (92)

18 27 25 12 4 19 25 11 81

Total 4.69 4.52 2.20 3.35 4.57 1.84 13.05

Occassion 18 18 18 18 18 18 16
Average 0.26 0.25 0.122 0.135 0.254 0.102 0.816
STUDY SUMMARY SHEET
Department Section Operation Material
Machine Shop
Milling
Finish Mill Second face
Cast Iron
Element Element Descriptio BT F Observation
No.
Repeatative
Outside work 0.261 1/1 18
Inside work 0.251 1/1 18
"As card No. 1264 Inside work 0.122 1/1 18
Inside work 0.186 1/1 18
Outside work 0.254 1/1 18
Outside work 0.104 1/1 18
Machine element 0.816 1/1 16
Unoccupied time within MCT 0.257 1/1 18
Occasional element &
contingencies
Help unload boxes of new casting to 1.100 1
trucks
Take to foreman 0.400 1/18 Obs
Inspector Checks
3 pieces
Discuss 1.620 1/18 Obs
Relaxation time 6.120

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EXPERIMENT NO. 6
Aim : Study of M.T.M2 System
M.T.M2 uses behaviour system, Behavioural dated system classify data as seen in
the practice for eg. a movement of empty hand between 5 to 15 cm followed by graspic
action made by simple closing of the fingers motion defines the GET motion in M.T.M2
system.
Classification of GET

Are any grasping

required ? GA

YES

is it enough to
close hand or NO GC
finger with one
motion

YES
GB
Distance is a principle variable in GET.
There are 5 classes of GET. On the basis of upper limit 5 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm, 45
cm, 80 cm.
1
ITMV = hr = 0.060 min
1000
Code GA GB GC PA PB PC
5 3 7 14 3 10 21
15 6 10 19 6 15 26
30 9 14 23 11 19 30
45 13 18 27 15 24 36
80 17 23 32 20 30 41

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PUT (P):
It is an action with the predominant purpose of moving an object to a destination
with the hand or fingers. PUT starts when an object is graped and under control of
starting position.
PUT includes the movement of the objects. PUT ends when object goes to the
destination but still in under control.

is it continuous is correction
smooth motion required NO PB

PA PC
Ex of PA : PA is a tossing
PB is putting a 10 mm ball in 15 mm hole. PC is inserting a key in a lock .

PUT WEIGHT :
Is an addition to input motion depending on weight. It is denoted by PW.
PW is assigned when resistance to motion exceeds 2 kg per hand. Between 2 kg
and 5 kg 1 TMU is allowed and is coded as PW5. Between 5 to 2 MTU is allowed and is
coded as PW10.
FOOT MOTION :
When the foot is moved without any intension of moving truck is called foot is
moved and denoted by F. e.g. Depressing a paddle in a car.
STEP :
When the truck is moved along with foot motion so as that and reach to the
destination step occurs.
BEND & ARISE :
It is denoted by 'B' Bending of the body towards the floor and coming to original
position is called BEND AND ARISE.
Bending on the knees : While bending on your knees, takes the value of to be
A R E C S F B
14 6 7 15 18 9 61

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'R' represents 'regraph'. REGRAPH is hand action with the purpose of changing
the grasp on an object. It starts with the object in the hand. It includes digital and hand
muscular readjustment on an object end on object at new location. A single regraph
consists of not more than 3 fractional movement. Digital and muscular readjustment with
the purpose of exerting muscular force on an object is called apply pressure.
Eye action is an action with the purpose of either recognising a readily
distinguishable characteristic of an object or shifting the aim of region of axis of vision to
a new viewing area. It starts when other action must sees because the characteristic of an
object must be recognised. It includes muscular readjustment of lens of eyes and the
mental process required to recognise a distinguishable characteristic of an object.
OR eye motion performed to shift aim of axis of element to a new viewing area. It
ends when other action can start again.

PC 30(30)

Stud
GC 30(23)
A single eye focused cover an area 10 cm in diameter and 40 cm from the eyes.
The recognition time included is sufficient only for simple binary decision. For e.g.
1) To see a head or tail of coin. 2) Fitting a nut and washer on a stud.
TMU Code Description
23 GC30 Washer
30 PC 30 To stud
3 PA 5 On stud
10 GB15 Nut
26 PC 15 To stud
6 2 PAS Engage thread
42 64 B5
18 6 PA 5 Turn down nut
23 GB13 Spanner
30 PC 30 To nut
6 PA 15 Turn nut
14 A Tighten
Total 231
Thus 231 TMU are required to tighten a washer and a nut on stud for a given situation.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 7
Aim : Study of INCENTIVE SCHEMES
INCENTIVE SCHEMES :
Incentive schemes are intended to increase workers motivation by allowing them
to earn proportionately higher returns from greater efforts.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) defines a wage incentive
plan as "a method of payment which directly relates earning to production. A system
which enables workmen to increase their earning by maintaining or exceeding an
established standard of performance".
These are the tools of the management to stimulate the production by encouraging
workers to produce more than average in accordance with their productivity.

Incentive plans are of two basic types :

1) Financial incentives : These are the rewards paid to the employees efforts in cash.
2) Non - financial incentives : These are non-monetary incentives (other than cash).
These may include gift items, discount coupons, special holidays, etc.

Some of Non - financial incentives are :

1) Management may create a climate of competition among the
employees to contribute constructively towards the organisation. **"• 2) This incentive
promotes creativity and idea generation.
3) The incentive include provision for good housing with all modern amenities,
recreation facilities, medical facilities.
4) Promotion to employees and facilities for personal growth.
5) Foreign business or education trips.

1. Taylor's differential Piece Rate System :

This plan was developed by F.W. Taylor, father of scientific Management. Under this
system a standard output for the day is fixed based upon the accurate and method study.
The employee who achieve this standard or produce more than the standard are given

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higher rates than those fail to reach the standard. It considered both time and output. The
differential rates are paid based upon the quantity produced.

Characteristics of this system :

1) The days wage or earning is not guaranteed.
2) Two piece rates are applicable lower piece rate for O/p below the standard O/p and
higher piece rate for O/p exceeding the standard O/p.
3) Lower piece rate is considered for below standard performance workers and higher
piece rate for standard and above standard performance.

Advantages :
1) Worker is paid as per his efficiency and he is paid only for production time and not for
idle time.
2) Clerical work is kept at minimum and workers knows how much he should produce to
get the required wage.
3) Reduce the supervision to the minimum .
4) Encourage the worker to produce more to earn more.
5) It ensures better utilisation of resources

Disadvantages :
1) Workers in order to earn more will not care much for quantity of worker. Hence more
wastages and rejections.
2) A quality orientation makes the worker to work fast in due course, he may neglect
safety measures.
3) The decreasing demand may have adverse effect on employees.

Computation of earning by this method O/p. of

Worker A = 700 units
Output of worker B = 900 units
Standard production = 100 Nos/hour
Labour rate = Rs. 10 per hr.

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Differential rate = 80% of standard piece rate for below standard performance 120% of
standard piece rate for standard and above standard performance
Compute the earning of A and B
Standard O/p. hr= 100
Labour rate / hour = Rs. 10
Standard piece rate = 10/100 = 0.01 Rs.
Piece rate for below performance = 0.10 x 0.8 = 0.08
High piece rate (above standard performance ) = 0.1 x 1.2 = 0.12
Earning of operator A = 700 x 0.8 = 56 Rs.
Earning of operator B = 900 x 0.12 = 108 Rs.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 8
Aim : Study of Ergonomics
Definition : " Human Engg. or it is also called Human Factor Engg." ILO defines
human engg as " the application of human biological science along with engg. science to
achieve optimum mutual adjustment of man and his work, the benefits being measured in
terms of human eff. and well being.
Objectives of Human Engg.: Human engg. has two broader objectives
1) To enhance the efficiency and effectiveness with which the activities is carried out so
as to increase the conveniency of use. Reduce error and increase in productivity.
2) To enhance certain desirable human values including safety, reduce stresses and
fatigue and improve quality of life.
Thus in general the scope of objective in ergonomics is designed for human used
and optimising working and living conditions.
Ergonomics Productivity and Working Environment:
Productivity is powerful to improve the standard of living of people to enhance
the quality of work life [QWLJ. Ergonomics is concerned with man and its working
condition. This accounts for increase productivity safety and reduce the fatigue. This
helps to increase the plant utilization.
ANTHROPOMETRY:
It deals with the measurement of the dimension and certain other physical
characteristics of body such as volume, centre of gravity, industrial property and masses
of body segments. There are two primary types of body measurement
1) Statics and Dynamics
Statics dimension are measurement taken when the body is fixed with position.
This consists of
1) Sceleton dimension
2) Counter dimension
Body Measurement:
Vary as a function of age and for different countries, there are difference in
anthropometry of male and female.

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Use of Anthroprometry data :

It is very much essential in design when the item are designed for specific group
such as adult range, children. The data used should be specific for such group in
country or culture in question.
Principle in Application of Anthropometries data :
1) Design for extreme individual designing for maximum population value is the
recommended strategy if a given maximum value of such some design feature should
accomodate of doors.
Ex. Distance of control from operator and force required to operate the control.
2) Designing for adjustable range :
In the design feature of application or facility for provision for adjustment should
be their for adjustment to we terms. Ex. Automobile seat chairs, desk height etc and
designing. It is produced to provide for adjustment to cover the range from safe 5%
female to the 95% male of the revalant population characteristic.
3) Design for average :
There is a average individual or and a person may be average on one or two
dimension. Designer often design for the average has a compromise as they do not have
so deal with atmospheric data.
WORK PLACE DESIGN :
The ideal design of any workplace should be in operator mind. The design should
ensure that the operator adequate and comfortable posture that he can see what he must
and he can operate his control in an effective manner. If the workplace is not properly
adopted to his dimension and to his typically human characteristic. He will not be able to
perform with maximum efficiency dimension of workplace.
Determination of workplace requirement will improve an examination of work
element which constitute the work cycle and examination of body measurement, reach
and moment capacity of the workplace.
1) Dimension of working surface :
The circumstrike define the maximum reach area for the operator any control or object
i.e. to be grasped must be located in this area. It is the distance from which small object
can be produced, large and heavy object will have to be looked even closer to the work.

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2) Dimension of working envelope :

Operator not only perform the job in horizontal plane, work is often done above
the horizontal working plane. This is particularly important in man machine systems
when controls to be manipulated.
3) Workplace height:
The correct working height depends upon the nature of the task being done many
manual task are performed when the work is at elbow height, If the job is required the
perception. If fine usual details it will be necessary to rise the work above elbow height
and bring it closer to the eye.
Sit stand and standing workplace :-
In general, a sit stand workplace is more desirable than either sit or Stand work
place if a sit stand workplace is to be suitable for the use of operator, it must be provided
with an adjustable height, chair and adjustable fast rest, However, the workplace for the
stand job will be greatly improved, if is made adjustable in height. When this is done, the
distance from the flower to the top of working surface should be variable form 36 to 42
inches for female and 40 to 46 for male.
Selection of Chair :
Many production worker spend entire day sitting at a workplace. The chair they
are sitting in a long with the footrest is one of the most important element of workplace
design. The various aspect of dimension of chair like the width of a chair, depth of sit,
backrest dimension should be considered in designing the chair. The general guideline for
designing the workplace.
a) Material & tool should be located as far as possible within the normal working area of
the operator.
b) The material and tool should be located in order which they are used in assembly.
c) Gravity should be employ, whenever possible to make the raw material reach which
the operator deliver to it to next workstation.
d) The height of chair and other dimension should be design in such a way as to give
maximum comfort to the operator.
e) The foot paddles should be used wherever possible.

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