SD02 Ubuntu 20090703

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu
MC LC
GII THIU ........................................................................................... 3
U
CHNG 01: TNG QUAN V UBUNTU........................................ 5 1. Gii thiu v Linux........................................................................... 5 2. Giy php Cng cng GNU............................................................ 12 3. H iu hnh Ubuntu...................................................................... 13 CHNG 02: CI T H IU HNH UBUNTU ..................... 15 1. Gii thiu v b ci Ubuntu............................................................ 15 2. La chn phin bn Ubuntu ........................................................... 15 3. Ti b ci h iu hnh m ngun m Ubuntu .............................. 16 4. Hng dn ci t Ubuntu.............................................................. 17 CHNG 03: CU TRC H THNG ........................................... 29 1. Cu trc th mc ca Ubuntu......................................................... 29 2. Ngi dng v quyn hn............................................................... 32 3. Mn hnh lm vic Desktop............................................................ 33 4. Ca s dng lnh (Terminal).......................................................... 35 CHNG 04: QUN L UBUNTU................................................... 37 1. Ci t v g b phn mm ............................................................ 37 2. Qun l tp tin v th mc ............................................................. 48 3. B sung phng ch Unicode .......................................................... 56 4. G ting Vit trong Ubuntu ............................................................ 57 CHNG 05: THIT LP V TY BIN UBUNTU .................... 65 1. Ty bin Ubuntu............................................................................. 65 2. Thit lp Ubuntu............................................................................. 83 3. Ci t my in................................................................................. 87 4. Thit b lu tr d liu lu ng .................................................... 91 1
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu CHNG 06: CC NG DNG TRONG UBUNTU...................... 93 1. Gii thiu cc ng dng trong Ubuntu ........................................... 93 2. ng dng m thanh v video.......................................................... 94 3. ng dng b tr............................................................................ 102 4. ng dng ha .......................................................................... 103 5. ng dng mng ............................................................................ 104 6. Tr chi ........................................................................................ 116 7. B ng dng vn phng OpenOffice.org ..................................... 116 CHNG 07: CHIA S TI NGUYN .......................................... 121 1. Chia s ti nguyn vi cc my Linux ......................................... 121 2. Chia s ti nguyn vi cc my Windows.................................... 122 CHNG 08: CC PHN MM B TR .................................... 125 1. T in StarDict ........................................................................... 125 2. Phn mm dit virus ..................................................................... 127 3. Chy cc phn mm Windows trn Ubuntu ................................. 129 THNG TIN THAM KHO............................................................. 133
GII THIU
H iu hnh l mt phn mm qun l phn cng ca my tnh, cung cp nn tng cho cc phn mm ng dng v ng vai tr trung gian giao tip gia ngi dng my tnh v phn cng ca my tnh . Ubuntu l h iu hnh my tnh ngun m tun theo giy php GNU General Public License c tnh nng tng t nh h iu hnh Windows ca Microsoft. Ubuntu thch hp vi cc cng vic vn phng, lp trnh, thit k, gii tr, kt ni mng... c bit khi dng Ubuntu s khng phi lo ngi nhng nguy c b nhim virus hay spyware na. Cch s dng Ubuntu ht sc n gin, tng t nh Windows v c bit Ubuntu h tr rt nhiu ngn ng, trong c c ting Vit. Khi phn phi Ubuntu, thng ci sn nhng phn mm thng dng dng trong vn phng nh: b phn mm son tho vn phng OpenOffice.org; trnh duyt Web Mozilla Firefox; Mozilla Thunderbird; trnh bin tp ho GIMP; v mt s tr chi gii tr. Ubuntu cung cp mt tp hp y cc tnh nng c th hot ng ngay t bn ci t chun, nhng li va vn trong mt a CD-ROM. C a chy trc tip v a ci t truyn thng cho mi ln pht hnh. CD-ROM chy trc tip cho php ngi dng xem xt phn cng ca h c tng thch vi h iu hnh hay khng trc khi ci t ln a cng. T phin bn u tin cho n phin bn 8.04. Hng lot tnh nng mi cng thm kh nng h tr mng khng dy c nng cp ng k. C th Ubuntu Linux 8.04 c nng cp tng th v kh nng kt ni mng khng dy, bao gm c kh nng h tr mng di ng 3G nhm mang n cho ngi dng nhiu la chn v to s thun li hn trong vic d tm v kt ni vo cc h thng mng khng dy. Mt im ng ch khc l phin bn Ubuntu 8.04 c thm tnh nng to ti khon Guest. Tng t nh trong h iu hnh Windows, ti khon Guest s ch c th thc hin c mt s tc v c bn. Khi 3
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu ng nhp bng ti khon Guest, ngi dng khng th can thip vo thit lp cng nh cc phn mm c ci t ln h thng. Mt u im vt tri na l h iu hnh ny c th c ci t ln th nh USB cho php ngi dng lc no cng c th mang theo h iu hnh a thch vi nhng thit lp c nhn ca ring. Mi d liu hon ton c th c lu trc tip trn th nh USB . Ngoi ra Ubuntu Linux 8.04 cn c nh sn xut tch hp sn cc ni dung a phng tin cht lng cao t i truyn hnh BBC. Ngi dng phin bn 8.04 c th xem nhng ni dung ny thng qua ng dng Totem Movie Player v Rhythmbox tch hp sn. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ln u cho bin son ti liu Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 8.04, Phin bn dnh cho my trm km theo a ci t, vi mong mun ph bin v cung cp cho ngi s dng mt la chn mi, mt h iu hnh c tnh n nh cao, linh hot, nhiu tnh nng, p ng tt yu cu s dng trong cc c quan nh nc, cc doanh nghip v cng ng.
CHNG 01: TNG QUAN V UBUNTU

Sau khi hon thnh chng ny, bn c th nm c: Gii thiu v Linux Giy php Cng cng GNU H iu hnh Ubuntu 1. Gii thiu v Linux 1.1. Linux l g? Linux l tn gi ca mt h iu hnh my tnh v cng l tn ht nhn ca h iu hnh. N c l l mt v d ni ting nht ca phn mm t do v ca vic pht trin m ngun m. Phin bn Linux u tin do Linus Torvalds vit vo nm 1991, lc ng cn l mt sinh vin ca i hc Helsinki ti Phn Lan. ng lm vic mt cch hng say trong vng 3 nm lin tc v cho ra i phin bn Linux 1.0 vo nm 1994. B phn ch yu ny c pht trin v tung ra trn th trng di bn quyn GNU General Public License. Do m bt c ai cng c th ti v xem m ngun ca Linux. Mt cch chnh xc, thut ng "Linux" c s dng ch Nhn Linux, nhng tn ny c s dng mt cch rng ri miu t tng th mt h iu hnh ging Unix (cn c bit n di tn GNU/Linux) c to ra bi vic ng gi nhn Linux cng vi cc th vin v cng c GNU, cng nh l cc bn phn phi Linux. Thc t th l tp hp mt s lng ln cc phn mm nh my ch web, cc ngn ng lp trnh, cc h qun tr c s d liu, cc mi trng lm vic desktop nh GNOME v KDE, v cc ng dng thch hp cho cng vic vn phng nh OpenOffice.org. Ban u, Linux c pht trin v s dng bi nhng ngi say m. Tuy nhin, hin nay Linux c c s h tr bi cc cng ty ln nh 5
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu IBM v Hewlett-Packard, ng thi n cng bt kp c cc phin bn Unix c quyn v thm ch l mt thch thc i vi s thng tr ca Microsoft Windows trong mt s lnh vc. S d Linux t c nhng thnh cng mt cch nhanh chng l nh vo cc c tnh ni bt so vi cc h thng khc: chi ph phn cng thp, tc cao (khi so snh vi cc phin bn Unix c quyn) v kh nng bo mt tt, tin cy cao (khi so snh vi Windows) cng nh l cc c im v gi thnh r, khng b ph thuc vo nh cung cp. Mt c tnh ni tri ca n l c pht trin bi mt m hnh pht trin phn mm ngun m hiu qu. Tuy nhin, hin ti s lng phn cng c h tr bi Linux vn cn rt khim tn so vi Windows v cc trnh iu khin thit b tng thch vi Windows nhiu hn l Linux. Nhng trong tng lai s lng phn cng c h tr cho Linux s tng ln. 1.2. Linux c g hp dn? C l bn qu quen vi h iu hnh Windows cng nh qu quen lp trnh trn h iu hnh ny. Windows c th ni l mt h iu hnh kh "hon ho", d s dng, vi rt nhiu tin ch p ng gn nh mi yu cu ca ngi dng. Vy th ti sao chng ta li phi tm n mt h iu hnh mi nh Linux? iu liu c thc s cn thit khng? Nht l i vi sinh vin nh chng ta, nhng ngi mi chp chng bc vo con ng lm tin hc? Cu tr li l C. 1. Vn bn quyn Trong bi cnh nn kinh t th gii ang c xu hng ton cu ha nh hin nay th y l mt vn ni cm. Vit Nam, vn vi phm bn quyn phn mm l rt ph bin (nc ta dn u th gii v s lng phn mm dng khng c bn quyn).Tuy nhin, theo bo co ca LHQ, trong nhng nm ti nu Vit Nam khng c bin php gii quyt vn ny th s kh lng gia nhp vo WTO, thm ch s c th b tr 6
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu a quyt lit trong cc quan h kinh t thng mi vi cc nc. Nu tnh trng nh cp bn quyn phn mm ca Vit Nam l 100 triu USD mi nm th s c mt lng hng ha c gi tr tng ng khng bn c M v cc nc pht trin khc (v kin c Tra - c Basa l mt v d). V nh vy ngi thit hi u tin s chnh l ngi lao ng Vit Nam. Trc tnh hnh , vic t xy dng cho mnh nhng phn mm thng hiu Vit Nam ang tr nn mt vn cp bch. Phn mm m ngun m c xem l mt gii php hu hiu nht cho bi ton bn quyn nc ta hin nay. Phn mm m ngun m mt mt c chi ph r hn so vi cc phn mm truyn thng, mt khc rt d nng cp, ci tin (do cung cp m ngun km theo). Chnh v th, pht trin phn mm m ngun m chng ta c th tn dng c nhng cng ngh tin tin c sn trn th gii, ci tin cho ph hp vi ngi Vit Nam, tit kim c rt nhiu cng sc so vi vic pht trin t u. Linux l mt h iu hnh m ngun m nh vy!!! 2. Nhng u im k thut ni bt ca Linux Kinh t, l mt c im khng th b qua ca Linux (t nht l i vi nc ta hin nay). Tuy nhin i vi Linux vn cha l tt c. H iu hnh ny cn rt nhiu u im khc m khng mt h iu hnh no c. Chnh nhng c im ny mi l nguyn nhn khin cho Linux ngy cng tr nn ph bin khng ch Vit Nam m c trn th gii. * Linh hot, uyn chuyn Nh ti trnh by trn, Linux l mt h iu hnh m ngun m nn bn c th ty sa cha theo nh mnh thch (min l bn c kin thc). Bn c th chnh sa Linux v cc ng dng trn sao cho ph hp vi mnh nht. Vic Vit ha Windows c xem l khng th nu nh bn khng c s ng v h tr ca Microsoft. Tuy nhin vi Linux th bn c th lm c iu ny mt cch n gin hn (tham kho thm sn phm Vietkey Linux ot gii nht TTVN 2002). Mt 7
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu khc do Linux c mt cng ng rt ln nhng ngi lm phn mm cng pht trin trn cc mi trng, hon cnh khc nhau nn tm mt phin bn ph hp vi yu cu ca bn s khng phi l mt vn qu kh khn. Tnh linh hot ca Linux cn c th hin ch n tng thch c vi rt nhiu mi trng. Hin ti, ngoi Linux dnh cho server, my tnh bn nhn Linux (Linux kernel) cn c nhng vo cc thit b iu khin nh my tnh palm, robot.... Phm vi ng dng ca Linux c xem l rt rng ri. * an ton cao Trc ht, trong Linux c mt c cu phn quyn ht sc r rng. Ch c "root" (ngi dng ti cao) mi c quyn ci t v thay i h thng. Ngoi ra Linux cng c c ch mt ngi dng bnh thng c th chuyn tm thi chuyn sang quyn "root" thc hin mt s thao tc. iu ny gip cho h thng c th chy n nh v trnh phi nhng sai st dn n v h thng. Trong nhng phin bn Windows gn y, c ch phn quyn ny cng bc u c p dng, nhng so vi Linux th vn km cht ch hn. Ngoi ra chnh tnh cht "m" cng to nn s an ton ca Linux. Nu nh mt l hng no trn Linux c pht hin th n s c c cng ng m ngun m cng sa v thng th ch sau 24h s c th cho ra bn sa li. Mt khc i vi nhng h iu hnh m ngun ng nh Windows, bn khng th bit c ngi ta vit g, v vit ra sao m ch bit c chng chy nh th no. V vy nu nh Windows c cha nhng on m cho php to nhng "back door" xm nhp vo h thng ca bn th bn cng khng th bit c. i vi ngi dng bnh thng nh chng ta vn ny c v nh khng quan trng nhng i vi mt h thng tm c nh h thng quc phng th vn nh th ny li mang tnh sng cn. Cc nhn vin an ninh khng c php l mt k h no, d l nh nht v n lin quan n an ninh ca c mt quc gia.V mt ln na cc phn mm m ngun m ni chung v 8
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Linux ni ring li l s la chn s mt. Trong Linux mi th u cng khai, ngi qun tr c th tm hiu ti mi ng ngch ca h iu hnh. iu cng c ngha l an ton c nng cao. * Thch hp cho qun tr mng c thit k ngay t u cho ch a ngi dng, Linux c xem l mt h iu hnh mng rt gi tr. Nu nh Windows t ra l mt h iu hnh thch hp vi my tnh Desktop th Linux li l h iu hnh thng tr i vi cc Server. l do Linux c rt nhiu u im tha mn i hi ca mt h iu hnh mng: tnh bo mt cao, chy n nh, cc c ch chia s ti nguyn tt Giao thc TCP/IP m chng ta vn thy ngy nay chnh l mt giao thc truyn tin ca Linux (sau ny mi c a vo Windows) * Chy thng nht trn cc h thng phn cng D cho c rt nhiu phin bn Linux c cc nh phn phi khc nhau ban hnh nhng nhn chung u chy kh n nh trn mi thit b phn cng, t Intel 486 n nhng my Pentium mi nht, t nhng my c dung lng RAM ch 4MB n nhng my c cu hnh cc mnh (tt nhin l tc s khc nhau nhng v nguyn tc vn c th chy c). Nguyn nhn l Linux c rt nhiu lp trnh vin nhiu mi trng khc nhau cng pht trin (khng nh Windows ch do Microsoft pht trin) v bn s bt gp nhiu ngi c "cng cnh ng" nh mnh v d dng tm c cc driver tng ng vi thit b ca mnh . Tnh cht ny hon ton tri ngc vi Windows. Mi khi c mt phin bn Windows mi ra i th bao gi km theo cng l mt cn kht v phn cng v h iu hnh mi thng khng h tr cc thit b qu c. 3. Mt vi nhc im c hu ca Linux Ni qua th cng phi ni li. D cho hin nay Linux ang c tc pht trin nhanh hn hn Windows nhng khch quan m ni so vi Windows Linux vn cha th n vi ngi s dng cui. l do Linux vn cn c nhng nhc im c hu. 9
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu * i hi ngi dng phi thnh tho: Trc kia vic s dng v cu hnh Linux c xem l mt cng vic ch dnh cho nhng chuyn gia. Hu nh mi cng vic u thc hin trn cc dng lnh v phi cu hnh nh sa trc tip cc file. Mc d trong nhng phin bn gn y, cc h iu hnh Linux c nhng ci tin ng k, nhng so vi Windows tnh thn thin ca Linux vn cn l mt vn ln. y l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ch yu khin Linux mc d c rt nhiu c tnh k thut tt nhng vn cha n c vi ngi dng cui. * Tnh tiu chun ha: Linux c pht hnh min ph nn bt c ai cng c th t mnh ng gi, phn phi theo nhng cch ring. Hin ti c kh nhiu bn Linux pht trin t mt nhn ban u cng tn ti nh: RedHat, SuSE, Knoppix..... Ngi dng phi t so snh xem bn no l ph hp vi mnh. iu ny c th gy kh khn cho ngi dng, nht l nhng ngi cn c kin thc v tin hc hn ch. * S lng cc ng dng cht lng cao trn Linux cn hn ch: Mc d Windows c sn phm no th Linux cng gn nh c phn mm tng t. (V d: OpenOffice.org trn Linux tng t nh MS Office, hay GIMP tng t nh Photoshop). Tuy nhin cht lng nhng sn phm ny l cha th so snh c vi cc sn phm vit cho Windows. * Mt s nh sn xut phn cng khng c driver h tr Linux: Do hin nay Linux cha ph bin bng Windows nn nhiu nh sn xut khng h tr cc driver chy trn Linux. Tuy nhin bn vn c th tm thy cc driver ny do ai trong cng ng m ngun m vit. Linux c mt s nhc im mang tnh c hu nh vy nhng bn vn c th chy c mt s phn mm Windows trn nn Linux thng qua phn mm Wine. (mt phn mm gi lp chy cc ng dng Windows trn Linux). Hoc bn c th gi lp mt mi trng my o chy Windows trong Linux. Do bn c th tn dng c cc u im ca Windows ln Linux. Ngoi ra bn vn c th ci t song song Linux v Windows trn cng mt my tnh c nhn, nh bn vn thng ci chung Windows XP v Windows 98 (ch l do h thng file khc nhau 10
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu nn mt s file ca Linux, Windows khng c c). Nh vy cng c ngha l cc nhc im ca Linux cng phn no c gii quyt. Trn c s nhn nhn mt cch khch quan cc u nhc im ca h iu hnh Linux cng nh xem xt xu hng pht trin tin hc nc ta c th thy: i vi ngi dng thng thng vic chuyn t Windows sang Linux trong ngy mt ngy hai l cha th. Linux du sao vn l mt h iu hnh rt c gi tr: chi ph thp, linh hot, n nh, v bo mt cao. Nhng trong tng lai gn, Linux s dn dn tr thnh mt trong nhng h iu hnh hng u trn th gii. 1.3. Cc bn phn phi Linux Linux hin nay c nhiu bn phn phi khc nhau, mt phn l bi v tnh cht ngun m ca n. Sau y l mt s bn phn phi ch yu: Tn bn phn phi Ubuntu Phin bn mi Trang web chnh thc nht 9.04 www.ubuntu.com www.debian.org Cc bn tng t Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Edubuntu
Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 Ultimate Edition 1.7 Red Hat Enterprise 5.0 Linux Fedora Core 10.0 SUSE Linux 10.1 Enterprise Desktop Mint Knoppix PCLinuxOS Mandrake CentOS 6 5.3.1 2008 2007.0 5
www.redhat.com/rhel/ www.fedoraproject.org www.novell.com/Linux/ OpenSUSE 10.3, www.Linuxmint.com www.knoppix.com/ www.pcLinuxos.com/ www.madrivaLinux.com Mandriva www.centos.org/ 11
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Gentoo Slackware Xandros SLAX Easys Sabayon DreamLinux OpenSolaris Hng k Linux Puppy Linux Hacao Linux Vubuntu Asianux 2.16 1.0 2.0 http://www.asianux.com/ Asianux Server 3 http://www.hacao.com/ 2008 www.opensolaris.org/ 12.1 www.gentoo.org/ www.slackware.com/
2. Giy php Cng cng GNU Ti sao li c giy php GPL (GNU General Public License)? Hu ht cc phn mm bn s dng trn Microsoft Windows (ngay chnh Windows) u phi mua bn quyn. Mi khi bn tr tin mua mt phn mm, bn u c cp mt giy php s dng phn mm (c th c c m ngun ca phn mm), cn bng sng ch s hu phn mm u do mt t chc hoc cng ty pht trin phn mm s hu, bn khng th mua c hoc nu c th vi mt gi tr rt ln. Nhng song song vi giy php bn quyn cn c mt loi giy php s dng ph bin trong th gii m ngun m l GPL Giy php m ngun m. y l loi giy php c dng cho tt c cc loi phn mm s dng m ngun m. Theo quy nh trong giy php th mi ngi u c quyn c s dng, sa i hoc pht hnh li cc phn mm hoc m ngun ca phn mm m khng phi tr mt khon ph no, nhng khng c php s hu ring m ngun hoc phn mm 12
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu tun theo giy php m ngun m ny. Ta c th hiu n gin l khng mt ai c php ng k bn quyn i vi m ngun m hoc phn mm bin i t m ngun m tun theo giy php ny. 3. H iu hnh Ubuntu 3.1. Ngun gc ca Ubuntu Ubuntu l tn ca bn phn phi, i th bt ngun t quan nim "Ubuntu" ca Nam Phi - "con ngi hng n con ngi". Bn phn phi Ubuntu mang tinh thn ca quan nim vo th gii phn mm. 3.2. Gii thiu v Ubuntu Ubuntu l mt h iu hnh m ngun m c pht trin bi cng ng chung da trn nn tng Debian GNU/Linux, n c ti tr bi Canonical Ltd (ch s hu l Mark Shuttleworth), rt ph hp cho my tnh bn, my tnh xch tay v my ch. D bn dng cho my tnh nh, trng hay trong cng s, Ubuntu c y cc chng trnh bn cn, t phn mm son tho vn bn v gi nhn th, n cc phn mm my ch web v cc cng c lp trnh. Ubuntu hon ton min ph. Bn khng phi tr tin bn quyn cho bt c ai. Bn c th ti v, s dng v chia s vi bn b, gia nh hoc ng nghip m khng mt mt khon ph no c. Mi phin bn Ubuntu u c cp nht 6 thng mt ln, iu c ngha l bn lun lun c cc ng dng mi nht trong th gii phn mm m ngun m. Ubuntu c thit k vi tiu ch chuyn v bo mt. Bn c th ly v cc bn cp nht v bo mt t nht l 18 thng trn my bn v my ch. Vi phin bn H tr di hn (Long Term Support - LTS), bn s c 3 nm h tr vi my bn v 5 nm h tr i vi my ch. Bn khng phi tr thm mt khon ph no cho phin bn LTS. Vic nng cp ln phin bn mi hn ca Ubuntu hon ton min ph. 13
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Mi th bn cn u nm trong mt a CD, cung cp cho bn mt mi trng lm vic y . Nhng phn mm m b sung, bn c th ly v trc tip t kho phn mm min ph trn Internet. Ubuntu hng n ngi dng ph thng nn c bn a ha vi s gip ca cng ng ngi dng m m cc loi ngn ng trn th gii (trong c ting Vit). Bn c th ty chnh ngn ng s dng trong giao din hin th bt k lc no. Giao din ci t cho php bn thc hin cc thao tc ci t mt cch nhanh chng v d dng. Qu trnh ci t tiu chun thng mt khng qu 25 pht. Sau khi bn ci t xong, h thng ca bn hon ton c th dng c ngay m khng cn phi cu hnh, b sung thm g c. Mt lot cc ng dng cn thit c ci t km theo trong qu trnh ci t Ubuntu. 3.3. Yu cu phn cng Ubuntu c th ci t trn cc loi my tnh bn, my tnh mini c cu trc da trn nn tng Intel-based Mac architectures (dnh cho chp 64bit c phin bn ring). Yu cu ti thiu chy Ubuntu l 256MB RAM (384MB RAM chy trc tip Ubuntu t a CD), nhng chng ti khuyn co nn ci t trn my c 512MB RAM tr ln. Ubuntu khi ci t vo a cng cn t nht 4GB trng (bao gm c phn vng trao i). Nn c card ha mnh s dng cc hiu ng trn giao din ha.
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CHNG 02: CI T H IU HNH UBUNTU

Sau khi hon thnh chng ny, bn c th nm c: Gii thiu v b ci Ubuntu La chn phin bn Ubuntu Ti b ci h iu hnh m ngun m Ubuntu Hng dn ci t Ubuntu 1. Gii thiu v b ci Ubuntu B ci Ubuntu cung cp mt tp hp y cc tnh nng c th hot ng ngay lp tc t bn ci t chun, nhng li va vn trong mt a CD. C mt a chy trc tip v mt a ci t truyn thng cho mi ln pht hnh. CD chy trc tip cho php ngi dng xem xt phn cng ca h c tng thch vi h iu hnh hay khng trc khi ci t ln a cng. a CD Ubuntu c ti min ph t trang ch ca Ubuntu. Yu cu v phn cng ca Ubuntu kh n gin, khi chy cn 256MB RAM, v khi ci t ln a cng, chim 3GB dung lng a trng. chy vi hiu sut tt nht, cu hnh phn cng nn c 512MB RAM tr ln, cng trng 10GB. 2. La chn phin bn Ubuntu Hin nay Ubuntu c rt nhiu phin bn ci t. Phin bn dnh cho my tnh bn, cho netbook, cho my ch.... Cc phin bn mi hn thng c nng cp tnh nng, sa cc li v phn mm, cc li v bo mt, tch hp thm trnh iu khin thit b (phin bn mi nht hin nay l 9.04...). Tuy vy, khng phi phin bn no mi cng tt hn cc phin bn c v thng cha n nh (ging nh phin bn Windows XP u tin thng chy khng n nh, ch n phin bn Windows SP2 mi chy n nh). Trong quyn sch ny, chng ti khuyn co cc 15
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu bn nn s dng phin bn dnh cho my tnh bn 8.04 l phin bn n nh nht cho my trm ti thi im ny, mc d c phin bn 9.04 nhng cha c n nh lm. Nu bn mun c th ti v hon ton min ph dng v tri nghim, vic hon ton ty thuc vo nh gi ca bn. 3. Ti b ci h iu hnh m ngun m Ubuntu B n c th truy cp vo a ch sau: http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download
Hnh 2.1: Trang Web ti b ci Ubuntu
Trong mc Please choose a location, chn Viet Nam FPT Telecom, ri nhn nt <<Begin Download>> ti v tp a nh CD ci Ubuntu. Sau khi, ti v tp nh a CD ci Ubuntu. Bn c th s dng tp nh ny ci vo my o hoc s dng phn mm ghi a CD/DVD (VD: Nero Burning Rom, UltraISO,...) ghi tp nh ra a CD (ch Burn image to disc).
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Nu bn ci Nero Burning ROM v c a ghi CD/DVD (CDRW), th vic ghi a rt n gin, bn lm nh sau: cho mt a CD trng vo a CDRW, tip khi ng phn mm Nero Burning ROM, vo trnh n File, chn Open, tr n tp tin nh CD Ubuntu va ti v. Phn mm Nero s t ng chuyn sang ch ghi tp nh a CD ra a CD trng. Nhn nt <<Burn>> bt u ghi a. Sau khi qu trnh ghi a kt thc, nhn nt <<Close>>. By gi bn c th s dng a CD ny ci t.
4. Hng dn ci t Ubuntu 4.1. Chy trc tip Ubuntu trn a CD chy trc tip Ubuntu t a CD, ta lm nh sau: 1. Khi ng my tnh ln, cho a CD Ubuntu vo CD trc khi my Boot vo h iu hnh. Mn hnh chn la ngn ng ci t hin ln, chn English ri nhn nt <<Enter>> (Nu mun bn c th chn ci t bng ngn ng ting Vit).
Hnh 2.2: La chn ngn ng ci t
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 2. Chn Try Ubuntu without any change to your computer ri nhn phm Enter.
Hnh 2.3: Chn ch ci t
3. V by gi ta hon ton c th dng Ubuntu.
Hnh 2.4: Giao din Ubuntu dng th
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 4.2. Ci t h iu hnh Ubuntu nh mt ng dng trn Windows 1. u tin bn a a Ubuntu vo sau khi khi ng Windows (Hoc nu l file ISO th bn cn mt trnh qun l a o no ri gn (Mount) file ISO ny vo). Bm p vo a nu khng thy bng nh sau hin ra.
Hnh 2.5: Chn ch ci Ubuntu trong Windows
2. Cc bn nhn nt <<Install Inside Windows>>. Tip bng ci t ca Ubuntu hin ra. Cc bn in y thng tin theo yu cu ri nhn nt <<Install>>.
Hnh 2.6: To ti khon ci t Ubuntu
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 3. Cc bn i khong vi pht Ubuntu kim tra xem a CD c li khng
Hnh 2.7: Ubuntu kim tra a CD
4. Sau khi kim tra CD xong Ubuntu s Copy a vo my chun b cho qu trnh ci t
Hnh 2.8: Ubuntu chun b b ci vo my
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 5. Sau khi vic chun b xong (bao gm copy cc file MBR v chun b cc file disk o cho qu trnh ci ...) bn b CD ra khi CD ri nhn nt <<Finish>> khi ng li.
Hnh 2.9: Khi ng li
6. Sau khi khi ng li vo mn hnh Boot bn chn Ubuntu.
Hnh 2.10: Mn hnh chn h iu hnh
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Hnh 2.11: Ubuntu ang khi ng
7. Khi Boot vo c ri mi vic ci t gn nh l t ng
Hnh 2.12: Ubuntu ang ci t
8. Ubuntu hon thnh nt cc thao tc ci t cui cng v s khi ng li my ln na. Sau bc ny, bn c th ty thch s dng h iu hnh no m bn mun.
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 4.3. Ci t h iu hnh Ubuntu chy c lp Bn ci t h iu hnh Ubuntu cng rt thng minh, nu bn ci n sau khi ci t Windows ri th n s t to ra mt phn vng mi (n to ra mt cng o v c tp tin h thng ca Windows ng cho thc hin) c kch c ph hp cho h iu hnh Ubuntu s dng. Sau khi ci xong bn s c th khi ng ty chn 2 h iu hnh 1. Khi ng my bng ch khi ng CD-ROM u tin, mn hnh chn ngn ng ci t hin ra, chn English ri nhn phm Enter.
Hnh 2.13: La chn ngn ng ci t
2. Sau l mn hnh chn la cc ch ci t Ubuntu, chn Install Ubuntu.
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Hnh 2.14: La chn ch ci t
3. Mn hnh Welcome xut hin, nhn nt <<Forward>>.
Hnh 2.15: Cho mng
4. Trong mn hnh Keyboard Layout, Ubuntu s chn la mc nh bn phm ph hp nht vi my tnh ca bn, nhn nt <<Forward>>. 24
Hnh 2.16: La chn kiu bn phm
5. Trn mn hnh Prepare disk space, bn hy chn kiu phn vng ph hp. Mc nh Ubuntu chn dng ton b a trng cn li, nu nh cng ca bn cha ci h iu hnh no hoc s t ng iu chnh phn vng cng khc thu nh li ly vng a cng khc ci Ubuntu, bn c th bm vo thanh gia 2 phn vng thay i dung lng phn vng, sau nhn nt <<Forward>>, cnh bo hin ra nhn nt <<Continue>>.
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Hnh 2.17: Phn vng a cng
6. Trn mn hnh Who are you?, bn nhp thng tin ti khon mi. Mt khu ca ti khon ny cng chnh l mt khu ti khon qun tr ROOT. Sau khi nhp xong, bn nhn nt <<Forward>>.
Hnh 2.18: t tn ngi dng qun tr
7. Trong mn hnh Ready to install, cc thng tin tm tt v nhng thit lp m bn va thc hin s xut hin, nu cn sa i g nhn 26
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu nt <<Back>>, nhn nt <<Install>> bt u tin trnh ci t Ubuntu.
Hnh 2.19: Kim tra thng tin trc khi ci t
8. Qu trnh ci t kt thc, bn nhn nt <<Restart now>> khi ng li my tnh. Lu : Trc khi khi ng li, bn b a CD Ubuntu ra ngoi.
Hnh 2.20: Chn la khi ng h iu hnh
9. La chn h iu hnh cn khi ng ri nhn phm Enter.
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CHNG 03: CU TRC H THNG

Sau khi hon thnh chng ny, bn c th nm c: Cu trc th mc ca Ubuntu Ngi dng v quyn hn Mn hnh lm vic Desktop Ca s dng lnh (Terminal) 1. Cu trc th mc ca Ubuntu Ln u tin bc vo khm ph th gii ca cc "ch chim cnh ct" c l cc bn s ngc nhin khi thy Ubuntu c kh nhiu th mc v khng c khi nim a nh trn Windows. Nhn "b ni" th cu trc v cch t chc file ca Ubuntu cng khng khc DOS/Windows v cc h iu hnh khc l my. Ch c mt im khc bit ln m bn cn phi ch l cu trc th mc ca Ubuntu KHNG phn chia thnh cc a. Cho d bn c bao nhiu a th tt c u bt u t mt th mc gc c tn l / (root directory). Mt h thng Ubuntu thng c nhng th mc sau: /bin: Th mc ny cha cc file phn mm thc thi dng nh phn v cc phn mm khi ng ca h thng. /boot: Cc file nh (image file) ca kernel dng cho qu trnh khi ng thng t trong th mc ny. /dev: Th mc ny cha cc file thit b. Trong th gii Linux v Ubuntu cc thit b 29
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu phn cng (device) c xem nh l cc file. a cng v phn vng cng l file nh hda1, hda2, hdb1, hdb2, a mm th mang tn fd0... cc file thit b ny thng c t trong ny. /etc: Th mc ny cha cc file cu hnh ton cc ca h thng. C th c nhiu th mc con trong th mc ny nhng nhn chung chng cha cc file script khi ng hay phc v cho mc ch cu hnh phn mm trc khi chy. /home: Th mc ny cha cc th mc con i din cho mi user khi ng nhp. Ni y l th vin lm vic thng xuyn ca ngi dng. Khi ngi qun tr to ti khon cho bn h s cp cho bn mt th mc cng tn vi tn ti khon nm trong th mc /home. Bn c mi quyn thao tc trn th mc ca mnh v m khng nh hng n ngi dng khc. /lib: Th mc ny cha cc file th vin .so (shared object) hoc .a. Cc th vin C v lin kt ng cn cho phn mm chy v cho ton h thng. Th mc ny tng t nh th mc SYSTEM32 ca Windows. /lost+found: Ci tn nghe l l phi khng cc bn? nhng mang ng ngha ca n. Khi h h thng khi ng hoc khi bn chy trnh fsck, nu tm thy mt chui d liu no tht lc trn a cng v khng lin quan n n cc tp tin, Ubuntu s gp chng li v t trong th mc ny nu cn bn c th c v gi li d liu b mt. /mnt: Th mc ny cha cc kt gn (mount) tm thi n cc a hoc thit b khc. Bn c th tm thy trong /mnt cc th mc con nh cdrom hoc floppy. /media: Tng t nh /mnt (cc phin bn Linux mi mi c th mc ny). /sbin: Th mc ny cha cc file thc thi ca h thng dnh cho ngi qun tr (root). /tmp: Th mc tm dng cha cc file tm m phn mm to ra trong lc chy. Cc file ny s c h thng dn dp khi cc phn mm kt thc. 30
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu /usr: Th mc ny cha rt nhiu th mc con nh /usr/bin, /usr/local... V y cng l mt trong nhng th mc con quan trng ca h thng, bn trong th mc con ny (/usr/local) cng cha y cc th mc con tng t ngoi th mc gc nh sbin, lib, bin... Nu nng cp h thng th cc phn mm bn ci t trong th mc /usr/local vn gi nguyn v bn khng phi s cc phn mm b mt mt. Th mc ny tng t nh th mc C:\Program Files ca Windows. /var: Th mc ny cha cc file bin thin bt thng nh cc file d liu t nhin tng kch thc trong mt thi gian ngn sau li gim kch thc xung cn rt nh. in hnh l cc file dng lm hng i cha d liu cn a ra my in hoc cc hng i cha mail. Ngoi ra cc bn quan tm n lp trnh th tm hiu thm mt s th mc khc nh: /usr/include, /usr/local/inlcude: Cha cc file header cn dng khi bin dch cc phn mm ngun vit bng C/C++. /usr/src: Th mc cha m ngun k c m ngun ca Ubuntu (Linux). /usr/man: Cha ti liu hng dn (manual). Cc thit b phn cng c k hiu ring /dev/hda a cng IDE th nht /dev/hdb a cng IDE th hai /dev/sda a cng SCSI th nht /dev/sdb a cng SCSI th hai /dev/cdrom a CDROM /dev/fd0 a mm u tin (Chnh)
C 3 im lu nh m bn cn phi l: - Trong ng dn ca Ubuntu, cc th mc c phn cch nhau bng k hiu / (trong khi vi DOS/Windows l k hiu \); - Cc tham s ca lnh trong Ubuntu c bt u bng du tr - (VD: ls -l) trong khi vi DOS/Windows l k hiu / (VD: dir /a); cc tham s ca Ubuntu c th c dng kt hp vi nhau bng cch vit lin (VD: 31
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu ls -al, ls -ls...) - Ubuntu khc vi Windows ch trong tn file Ubuntu phn bit ch hoa v ch thng. Trong Ubuntu: abc.txt v Abc.txt l hai tn file khc nhau, cn trong Windows hai tn file u l mt. 2. Ngi dng v quyn hn Ubuntu l h iu hnh a ngi dng, ngha l nhiu ngi c th truy cp v s dng mt my tnh ci Ubuntu. Mi ngi mun s dng c my tnh ci Ubuntu th phi c mt ti khon (account) c ng k. Mt ti khon gm c mt ti khon ngi dng (username) v mt mt khu (pasword). Hai ngi khc nhau s c hai ti khon khc nhau (nhng mt khu th c th trng nhau). c th bt u thao tc v s dng, ngi dng phi thc hin thao tc ng nhp (login v h thng). Qu trnh ny tm gn li l hai thao tc nhp vo tn ti khon v mt khu. * Lu : tn ti khon v mt khu cng phn bit ch hoa v ch thng. V c bit trong h thng Ubuntu l khi bn nhp vo mt khu, trn mn hnh s khng hin th bt c k t no. Ubuntu c mt ti khon c bit c tn l root. y l ti khon qun tr, c quyn hn cao nht, dng thit lp v thay i thng s ca ton b h thng Ubuntu (cu hnh mng, ci t...). Mi ngi dng trn Ubuntu c cp mt th mc ring (gi l home directory), thc cht l mt th mc con ca /usr. C dng /usr/username; ngha l nu username bn l nbthanh th home directory ca bn l /usr/nbthanh. Ring i vi accout root th home directory l /root. Cc user c th cng thuc mt nhm (group) hoc l khc nhm; cc user trong cng mt nhm th c quyn hn nh nhau. Thng th tt c cc user u thuc vo nhm User (tr root v cc account dnh ring cho h thng). Mi ngi dng ch c quyn thao tc trong th mc ring ca mnh (v nhng th mc khc c php ca h thng) m thi. Ngi dng 32
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu ny khng th truy cp vo th mc ring ca user khc (tr trng hp c chnh ngi dng hoc root cho php). Mi tp tin (file) v th mc trn Ubuntu u c "ng k ch quyn", ngha l thuc v mt ngi dng v nhm no . Thng th tp tin v th mc c to bi ngi dng no th s thuc v ngi dng . VD: username ca bn l nbthanh, bn thuc nhm User v bn to ra mt tp tin c tn l myfile.txt th tp tin myfile.txt s c nh du l "ngi s hu: nbthanh; thuc v nhm: user". Nhng ngi dng khc khng th truy cp c myfile.txt nu khng c php ca bn. Bn hon ton c th thay i "ch s hu" ca tp tin/th mc bng cc lnh ca Ubuntu. Bn hon ton c th t myfile.txt thuc v user nbthanh nhng li thuc v nhm guests (mc d user nbthanh khng nm trong nhm guests). 3. Mn hnh lm vic Desktop y l khng gian lm vic chnh sau khi bn ng nhp. T mn hnh ny bn s dng lm vic vi cc phn mm, ng dng cng nh theo di cc trng thi lm vic ca h thng thng qua cc Windows (ca s). B cc ca mn hnh Desktop kh gn gng v thun tin vi 2 bng iu khin nm gc trn v gc di mn hnh. Bn c th thay i v tr ca cc bng iu khin ny bng cch nhn nt bng iu khin ri ko ra cc gc mn hnh.
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Hnh 3.1: Mn hnh lm vic Desktop
Bng iu khin pha trn c mc c phn chia r rng tin cho vic qun l v truy cp. Gc tri c cc mc chc nng cha cc lin kt n cc ng dng, cc a ch truy cp, cc chc nng ty chnh v thit lp h thng v mt s ng dng lin kt nhanh. Gc phi thanh iu khin l cc biu tng ca mt s phn mm chy ch nn(1), ng h v cc thng bo ca h thng. Ngoi cng l biu tng shutdown mu . Bng iu khin di c cc th tiu ca cc ng dng, bn nhn nt cc th chuyn qua li gia cc ng dng. Gc tri ngoi cng ca bng iu khin di c mt nt thu nh cc phn mm li, hin ra th mc v tp tin trn nn ca Desktop Gc phi ca bng iu khin ny l cc vng lm vic (Workspace) v st rc (Trash). Cc bn c th ty bin bng iu khin theo thch ca mnh.
(1) Ch nn l ch cc phn mm vn hot ng nhng khng hin ra ca s mn hnh, bn c th thy trnh lm vic (process) cc phn mm ny khi
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nh lnh ps trong ca s dng lnh hoc trong trnh theo di h thng (System monitor), cc dch v ca Ubuntu thng chy ch ny..
Phn khng gian gia ca Desktop chnh l th mc \desktop trong th mc chnh ca bn. Tt c cc th mc con v tp tin nm trong th mc \desktop s hin ra trn khng gian gia mn hnh. 4. Ca s dng lnh (Terminal) y thc cht l mn hnh x l cc lnh ca Ubuntu, khi chy ch Text. Trong ch ha, n l trnh Ca s dng lnh, nm menu Application (ng dng) trong mc Accessories (B tr). i khi c nhng lnh phi thc hin qua thao tc dng lnh. V sau c nhng ch no cn nhp cc lnh th bn ch nhng lnh ny phi nhp trong ca s dng lnh, v c chng ti bi mu xm nht. Cc lu khi nhp lnh: Cc lnh, tn th mc v tn tp tin phi c g chnh xc tng ch ci (trong Ubuntu phn bit ch hoa v ch thng). Sau khi g xong mt lnh bn ng qun nhn phm Enter Ubuntu bt u thc hin lnh . - Trong ca s dng lnh c mt s t hp phm hay s dng, bn hy nh k t hp phm ny + Ctrl-C: Trong trng hp bn cm thy "c ci g bt n" xy ra, hay l phn mm bn chy khng chu dng th bn hy th nhn t hp phm ny. 99% phn mm ca Ubuntu chy trn ch text u c th c/b kt thc bng t hp phm ny. + Ctrl-Alt-Del: tng t nh trong DOS. T hp phm ny s khi ng li my tnh. + Ctrl-D: khi mt phn mm yu cu bn nhp d liu t bn phm, bn c th nhn t hp phn ny bo cho phn mm bit l qu trnh nhp d liu kt thc. T hp phm ny s gi tn hiu EOF (End Of File) n phn mm.. Nu nhn Ctrl-D m khng thy "xi nh", bn th g vo EOF (ba ch ci E, O v F) ri nhn phm Enter. 35
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu + ESC: y l phm Esc gc tri, pha trn ca bn phm, trc khi nhn Ctrl-C kt thc phn mm, bn hy th nhn ESC trc xem sao. + ENTER: y l phm Enter trn bn phm, chc l ti khi phi gii thiu v chc nng ca phm ny na ch nh? Sau y l mt s lnh thng dng trong ca s dng lnh: #sudo: chuyn t ti khon hin ti sang ti khon khc #sudo i: chuyn sang ti khon quyn qun tr #ten_ung_dung: khi ng ng dng t ca s dng lnh #wget <a ch download file>: download file t Internet v th mc hin thi trn Ubuntu. #man <lnh cn tham kho>: Hin thng tin tham kho v lnh. VD: man wget #ls: hin danh sch cc file v th mc trong th mc hin hnh #ps: hin danh sch cc phn mm ang chy #cd: chuyn th mc #cd / : chuyn ra th mc gc *Lu : ng dn s dng trong cc lnh phn bit ch hoa ch thng.
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CHNG 04: QUN L UBUNTU

Sau khi hon thnh chng ny, bn c th nm c: Ci t v g b phn mm Qun l tp tin v th mc B sung phng ch Unicode G ting Vit trong Ubuntu 1. Ci t v g b phn mm Ci t phn mm trn Ubuntu l rt d dng. Hng dn ny s hng dn bn cch thc hin n. Mc nh, rt nhiu phn mm c ch c ci khi bn ci t Ubuntu. Tuy vy c th bn cn mt b phn ca phn mm phc v cho mt mc ch ring, hoc cng c th bn mun ci t mt phn mm tng ng vi phn mm c. Tm li l bn cn mt phn mm mi. 1.1. Gi l g? Phn mm l mt t rt rng, thng thng chng c ngha l cc phn mm bn c th chy trn my tnh ca mnh. Tuy vy nhng phn mm cn nhng ti nguyn khc nhau hot ng. Khi bn ci t mt phn mm, phn mm chy c th c th cn ti hng nghn tp. N tht s phc tp khi bn ngh rng, cc tp ny phi c t chnh xc vo v tr ca n, v mt s tp s c thay i cho ph hp vi cu trc my tnh m bn c. Tht may mn Ubuntu s thc hin ton b nhng vic phc tp ny. Ubuntu s dng nhng gi cha mi th m mt phn mm c th cn chy. Mt "gi" v bn cht l tp hp cc tp c gi li trong mt tp n, tp ny c th c qun l d dng hn rt nhiu. 37
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Nhng tp cn thit phn mm c th ci t l nhng tp c bit, c gi l nhng "script ci t", nhng tp ny s chp cc tp ti ni m chng cn n. 1.2. Ngun hay nh phn? Thng thng, khi mt ai to ra mt gi cho mt phn mm, h s t tt c m ngun ca phn mm vo gi . M ngun c vit bi cc lp trnh vin, v c bn, n l nhng ch th m con ngi c th c v vit c my tnh thc hin. My tnh ch c th hiu c nhng on m ny nu chng c thng dch thnh nhng dng m my tnh c th s dng trc tip. Mt trong nhng cch thng dch m ngun nh vy l dch hoc bin dch thnh nh phn, ci m my tnh c th hiu. Vy ti sao mi ngi khng lm thnh cc gi nh phn ngay t ban u? V mi loi my tnh khc nhau s dng cc kiu nh phn khc nhau, iu c ngha l mt gi nh phn chy c trn mt my tnh Intel th s khng chy c trn my tnh loi khc, v d nh Apple Macintosh. Nhng gi ngun, l nhng gi ch cha m ngun, c th c dng chung cho tt c cc kiu my nu chng c bin dch ng cch. Nhng gi nh phn, l nhng gi c to ra cho mt kiu hoc kin trc my tnh xc nh. Ubuntu h tr cc kiu kin trc x86 (i386 hoc i686), AMD64 hoc PPC. xem bn ang dng kiu no, c th vo Terminal, ri dng lnh: uname -m 1.3. Cc gi ph thuc Cc phn mm thng s dng cng mt s tp vi nhng phn mm khc. Tt hn l t nhng tp vo mi gi, mt gi ring ny c th ci t cung cp cho nhng phn mm no cn chng. V vy, 38
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu ci t mt phn mm, cn mt trong nhng tp ny, gi cha nhng tp cn thit ny cn phi c ci t khi ci t phn mm. Khi mt gi ph thuc vo gi khc, trong trng hp ny c gi l mt gi ph thuc. Bng vic xc nh s ph thuc, cc gi lm ra s nh hn v n gin hn, hu ht cc tp trng nhau s c g b. Khi bn ci t mt phn mm, nhng ph thuc ca n phi c ci t cng lc . Thng thng, hu ht cc gi ph thuc c ci t, cng khng ngoi tr mt s gi m rng vn cn ci thm rt nhiu gi phc thuc. V vy, bn ng ngc nhin khi ci t mt gi m c hng t gi khc c ci cng, n n gin ch l nhng gi cn thit cho phn mm bn nh ci. 1.4. Qun l gi Mt qun l gi l mt ng dng x l vic ti v v ci t gi, Ubuntu i cng mt vi phn mm qun l gi mc nh, v s dng phn mm no l ty vo bn cn nhng chc nng x l gi no. Hu ht mi ngi u s dng nhng phn mm qun l gi n gin, trc quan v d nh trnh qun l ci t Add/Remove... hay nng cao hn mt cht l trnh qun l gi ci t Synaptic. 1.5. Knh/Kho phn mm Bn c th ti cc gi u? Ubuntu cha tt c cc gi ca n ni gi l Knh phn mm hay Kho. Mt knh phn mm n gin l mt ni cha cc gi cng kiu, nhng gi ny c th d dng ti v v ci t nh cc phn mm qun l gi. Mt qun l gi s cha tt c cc ch mc ca cc gi trn knh phn mm. Thnh thong n s nh ch mc li cc gi, chc chn cc gi u c cp nht, nh vy n c th bit gi no c nng cp hoc thm mi t ln kim tra trc. Ubuntu c 4 knh phn mm cho mi cu trc - Main, Restricted, Universe v Multiverse. Mi knh c nhng mc ch ring. Mc nh ch c cc gi cc knh Main v 39
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Restricted l c th ci t. Nu bn mun ci t cc phn mm Universe v Multiverse, hy xem trang Qun l kho phn mm bit cch lm. Ngoi cc kho chnh thc ca Ubuntu, cn c cc kho phn mm ca bn th ba. Hy cn thn khi ci t nhng gi t cc kho ny, n c th khng tng thch vi Ubuntu, lm cho phn mm ca bn ngng hot ng, hoc c th dn ti cc vn v bo mt. Cch ci t cc gi t kho ny xem trong trang Qun l kho phn mm. 1.6. Ci t mt gi Phn ny s gii thiu cch ci t cc gi s dng hng lot cng c c sn ca Ubuntu v KUbuntu. Cch ci t c bn - Add/Remove Cch d dng nht ci t mt phn mm l vo Applications Add/Remove....Sau tm gi hoc nhng gi bn mun ci t. Bn c th tm kim vi mt t kha lin quan ti phn mm trong mc Search, sau tm trong cc mc bn tri ca s. Nu gp vn trong ln tm kim u tin, bn c th thay i mc Show bn cnh tm kim tm kim cc v tr khc. Khi tm thy gi cn ci t, bn nh du vo bn cnh biu tng ca phn mm .
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Hnh 4.1: Ci t bng Add/Remove
Cc ng dng c Ubuntu phn loi ra thnh nhiu mc khc nhau, cc bn c th nhn nt cc mc xem cc ng dng c phn loi. thay i cch hin th, trong phn Show, bn chn: All available applications: Tt c cc loi ng dng All Open Source applications: tt c cc ng dng m ngun m (c c m ngun nhng ngi bit v lp trnh thay i theo mun ca h) Canonical-maintained Applications: cc ng dng c h tr trong Ubuntu Third party applications: cc ng dng khng c h tr ca Ubuntu m t mt hng khc Installed applications only: cc ng dng ci t Sau khi la chn tt c nhng gi mun ci, bn nhp vo <<Apply>> Changes. Mt ca s khc s hin ra thng bo cc gi s c ci t, sau bn nhp <<Apply>> ci t chng. Mt ca s hin ln, bn in vo mt khu ngi dng ca bn, sau phn mm
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu s hin ln qu trnh ci t phn mm. Khi n kt thc, phn mm ca bn sn sng chy. S dng GDebi ci t gi GDebi l mt ng dng ha ci t cc tp .deb. N t ng xc nh nhng gi ph thuc v ti chng t cc kho phn mm ca Ubuntu nu c. Bn ch vic bm p vo cc tp .deb. GDebi s hin th thng tin v gi v cc gi ph thuc, sau bn nhn nt <<Install package>> ci t gi. Ci t nng cao - Synaptic Phn mm qun l gi Synaptic cung cp cc chc nng nng cao ci t cc gi. Nu bn khng tm thy cc gi trong Add/Remove... bn c th tm trong Synaptic. Khng nh Add/Remove... Synaptic ch a ra cc gi, khng a ra phn mm.
Hnh 4.2: Trnh qun l gi Synaptic
Mc bn tri l phn loi gi theo cc mc bn di: tin vic qun l cc gi ci t, ta chn mc Status: - Installed: ci t c sn cng Ubuntu 42
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Installed (local or obsolete): cc gi c ci t bng dng lnh hoc GDebi - Installed (upgradable): cc gi c phin bn nng cp - Not installed: cha ci t - Not installed (residual config): cc gi cu hnh phn mm cn st li sau khi g b 1 phn mm nhng cha g b ht hon ton Pha bn phi l danh sch cc gi phn mm. Mi dng l thng tin v gi ci t: Ct S: tnh trng gi ci t (sm mu: ci t, trng: cha ci t) Ct bn cnh: l do cng ng Ubuntu chng nhn h tr Ct Package: tn gi ci t Installed Version: phin bn ci t (nu ci t) Latest Version: phin bn cp nht mi nht t Internet (cha ci t) Description: m t v gi ci t Khi bm chut phi vo gi ci t c cc mc chn tng ng: Unmark: B chn gi ci t Mark for Installation: nh du ci t Mark for Reinstallation: nh du ci t li Mark for Upgrade: nh du nng cp phin bn Mark for Removal: nh du g b khi h thng Mark for Complete Removal: nh du g b khi h thng cng c b ci Properties: Thng tin chi tit v gi ci t Mark Recommended for Installation: nh du cc gi khuyn co nn ci t Mark Suggested for Installation: nh du cc gi gi ci t Khi bn nh du, i khi c cnh bo v vic c cc gi ci t ph thuc cn phi ci t/g b vi gi bn va nh du, nhn nt <<Mark>>. -
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Sau khi nh du ci t/g b gi ci t, bn nhn nt <<Apply>> tin hnh vic ci t/g b. Mt hp thoi xc nhn vic ci t/g b, nhn nt <<Apply>>. Kt thc vic ci t/g b, nhn nt <<Close>>, ng trnh qun l gi Synaptic. Ci t s dng dng lnh Gii thiu v APT L phn mm qun l gi chy ch dng lnh. Bn c th dng n nu gp vn khi s dng cc phn mm Add/Remove..., Synaptic. N l phn mm qun l gi c s ca Ubuntu, nhng ngi quen thuc vi Ubuntu thy rng n ci t, tm kim tt hn nhng phn mm c giao din ha trn. Lc bt u c .tar.gz. Ngi dng phi bin dch mi phn mm h mun s dng trn h thng GNU/Linux. Khi Debian c to ra, n cho thy cn phi c mt h thng bao gm mt phng thc qun l cc gi c ci t trn my tnh. V h thng c t tn l dpkg. Nh vy, 'package' ni ting u tin xut hin trong GNU/Linux, mt thi gian trc khi Red Hat quyt nh to ra h thng 'rpm' ca chnh h. Mt tnh hung mi nhanh chng ny sinh trong suy ngh ca nhng ngi lm ra GNU/Linux. H cn mt cch nhanh, thc t, v hu ch ci cc gi, ci m s qun l t ng cc ph thuc v lu gi nhng tp cu hnh khi nng cp. Mt ln na, Debian li i u v cho ra i APT, vit tt ca Advanced Packageing Tool. Cc lnh Tt c cc lnh c ni n u phi chy vi ti khon root hoc vi quyn siu ngi dng, xem sudo bit thm thng tin. Thay tngi trong cc lnh bng tn ca gi bn mun ci t. Lnh ci t: sudo apt-get install tn-gi Lnh ny s ci t mt gi mi: 44
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu sudo apt-get build-dep tn-gi Lnh ny s tm kim trn kho v ci t nhng gi ph thuc cn thit c th ci t gi t m ngun. Nu gi khng c trong kho, lnh s tr v mt li. apt-get chp nhn mt danh sch cc gi lm tham s ci t, v d: sudo apt-get install tn-gi-1 tn-gi-2 tn-gi-3 ... Dng ty chn -s gi lp mt hnh ng. "sudo apt-get -s install tn-gi" s gi lp vic ci t mt gi, cho bn bit ni gi s c ci t v cu hnh ca n. Lnh tm gi Lnh ny s gip chng ta tm mt gi, hoc mt phn mm no trong Ubuntu. V d ti khng nh chnh xc tn gi ci t ca phn mm amarok lm sao ci t bng lnh, vic ny thc hin rt n gin sudo apt-cache search tham s Tham s c th l tn phn mm hay l ghi ch .... n s tr v tn gi + ghi ch k bn sau bn ch cn s dng lnh apt-get install ci t Lnh nng cp, cp nht gi sudo apt-get update Chy lnh ny sau khi thay i /etc/apt/sources.list hoc /etc/apt/preferences. lnh ny thng xuyn gip danh sch ngun ca bn c cp nht. N tng ng vi "Reload" trong Synaptic hoc "Fetch updates" trong Adept. sudo apt-get upgrade Lnh ny nng cp tt c cc gi ci t. N tng ng vi "Mark all upgrades" trong Synaptic. sudo apt-get dist-upgrade Lnh ny nng cp ton h thng ti mt phin bn mi hn. N tng t nh trn, ngoi tr thm nh du thm "smart upgrade". N bo APT s dng h thng gii quyt xung t thng minh, v n s th 45
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu nng cp nhng gi quan trng nht. Khuyn co: khng nn s dng nng cp bn phn phi. sudo apt-get check Lnh ny l mt cng c chn on. N khng cp nht danh sch ngun, m ch kim tra li ph thuc ca cc gi. sudo apt-get -f install Lnh ny tng t nh Edit -> Fix Broken Packages trong Synaptic. Chy n nu bn nu bn gp phi li ph thuc ca cc gi. sudo apt-get autoclean Lnh ny g b cc tp ci t .deb c trong h thng ca bn. Ph thuc vo thi quen ci t ca bn, xa b cc tp trong /var/cache/apt/archives c th thu hi mt lng khng gian a ng k. sudo apt-get clean Lnh ny tng t nh trn nhng n s xa b tt c cc gi trong ni lu tr. N khng tt lm nu bn ang s hu mt ng truyn Internet chm, v khi ci t s phi ti li cc gi (ng ra c sn ti ni lu tr). Ni lu tr cc gi c ci t vo /var/cache/apt/archives. Lnh: du -sh /var/cache/apt/archives S dng dpkg dpkg l mt cng c chy trn dng lnh dng ci t cc gi .deb. ci t cc gi t ch dng lnh, bn s dng lnh: sudo dpkg -i tn-gi.deb 1.7. T ng cp nht: Update Manager Mi khi c mt phin bn cp nht cho mt gi phn mm trong Ubuntu, mt thng bo t ng hin ra cnh gc mn hnh thng bo v vic cp nht phn mm. Ubuntu Update Manager l mt phn mm rt d s dng gip cho h thng ca bn lun lun c cp nht. 46
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu n gin ch vic nhp vo biu tng cp nht (Hin vng thng bo trn thanh cng c) hnh mi tn xung. Windows, mi khi c mt phin bn mi ra, bn phi b tin ra mua bn quyn cho phin bn mi, sau s c cp giy php v mt a CD hoc DVD bn tin hnh nng cp h iu hnh. Nhng Ubuntu, bn c th d dng nng cp h iu hnh ln phin bn mi hn rt n gin. 1. Nhn nt <<Check>> kim tra phin bn mi 2. Nu nh c cc phn mm mi, nhn nt <<Install Update>> ci t. 3. Nu c phin bn nng cp cho h iu hnh, mt thng bo nh pha trn cng thng bo v vic c mt phin bn mi sn sng cp nht.
Hnh 4.3: Nng cp phin bn h iu hnh
4. Nhn nt <<Upgrade>> nng cp h iu hnh ln phin bn mi.
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 5. Mn hnh tip theo thng bo v cc nng cp trong phin bn ny, cc li c th pht sinh.
Hnh 4.4: Xc nhn nng cp h iu hnh
6. Nhp mt khu qun tr vo v qu trnh nng cp h iu hnh

bt u. (Trong qu trnh ti v cc gi ci t, yu cu ng truyn Internet phi lin tc, khng b ngt qung)
7. Kt thc qu trnh nng cp h iu hnh, bn khi ng li my.

2. Qun l tp tin v th mc 2.1. Trnh qun l tp tin Nautilus File Browser Vic qun l trong Ubuntu tng t nh trn Windows, phn mm duyt c tn l Nautilus (tng t trn Microsoft Windows l Explorer). B cc trong Nautilus cng kh n gin v thun tin 48
Hnh 4.5: Trnh qun l File Browser
* Pha trn cng l trnh n vi cc nhm chc nng c sp xp trong cc trnh n nh. * Pha di l cc nt cng c thun tin cho vic qun l. * Pha bn tri l mc nh hng (Navigate). * Khong khng gian bn phi l phn lit k danh sch cc th mc v tp tin. Mt s thao tc s dng trong Nautilus nh sau: * m mt th mc, bn kch p vo th mc hoc bm chut phi vo th mc tin ri chn <<Open>>. Cc th mc con v tp tin s c lit k trong cng ca s . * m mt tp tin, bn cng kch p vo tp tin . Nu tp tin c nh dng m ng dng trong my bn ci t c th x l, phn mm ng dng tng ng s c khi ng v m tp tin x l. * chn nhiu th mc hoc tp tin cng mt lc, bn gi phm Ctrl chn th mc/tp tin khng lin mch, gi phm Shift chn th mc/tp tin lin mch. 49
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Trn thanh trnh n l cc chc nng c phn loi theo nhm chc nng. Mt s trnh n chnh thng dng l: - File (Tp tin) l mt s chc nng thng dng lin quan n th mc/tp tin, km theo cc phm tt bn c th bm trc tip trn bn phm thay v chn trn trnh n:
New Window: m th mc trn mt ca s mi Create folder: to thm th mc con Create document: to thm tp tin mi Open: m th mc/tp tin Open in New Window: m th mc/tp tin trong ca s mi Connect to serve: kt ni n my ch dch v (VD: FTP, Samba, Webdav...) Properties: xem thuc tnh ca th mc/tp tin ang chn Empty trash: xa tt c cc th mc/tp tin trong Trash (thng rc) Close all Windows: ng tt c cc ca s ca ng dng Nautilus ang m Close: ng ca s hin hnh 50
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu - Edit (Sa i): l cc chc nng sa i th mc/tp tin:
Cut: Di chuyn th mc/tp tin sang v tr khc Copy: Sao chp th mc/tp tin n v tr khc Paste: Dn th mc/tp tin vo th mc hin hnh m bn thc hin ct/sao chp t v tr khc Select all: Chn tt c cc th mc/tp tin trong th mc hin hnh Select pattern: Chn cc th mc/tp c iu kin Duplicate: To bn sao ca th mc/tp v thm ch copy Invert: o cc th mc/tp tin c chn vi cc th mc/tp tin cha chn Make link: To mt lin kt nhanh n v tr ca th muc/tp tin ny, bn c th mang tp tin lin kt ny n v tr khc, mi khi kch p vo tp tin ny bn s c tr v ng th mc/tp tin bn to ra lin kt. Rename: i tn th mc/tp tin (Lu : i vi tp tin, khng thay i phn ui ca tp tin v y l nhn dng kiu tp tin)
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Move to trash: Xa th mc/tp tin nhng khng xa hn m a vo th mc gi l Trash (St rc) phng trng hp bn cha mun xa hn c th phc hi li c. Stretch icon: Thay i kch c ca biu tng Restore Icons Original Size: Hi phc li kch c ban u ca biu tng Send to: Gi th mc/tp tin bng cch thc no (th) Sharing options: Chia s th mc Create Achive: To tp tin nn t tp tin ang chn Encrypt: M ha th mc/tp tin ngi khc khng th c c th mc/tp tin ny m ch c bn c th m c (Ch : cn thn khi s dng chc nng ny, nu bn b mt ti khon, th mc/tp tin ny s khng th gii m) Backgroundand Emblems: Thay i mu nn ca th mc Preferences: Ty chnh qun l tp tin - View c mt s la chn thay i cch th hin th mc v tp tin trong ca s (VD: phng to, thu nh, hin cc th mc/tp tin n, cch sp xp...)
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Stop: Ngng vic c danh sch th mc (trong trng hp c qu nhiu th mc con/tp tin th vic ln danh sch rt lu hin ra) Reload: Np li danh sch cc th mc con/tp tin Main Toolbar: Thanh cng c chnh Side Pane: Thanh qun l bn cnh Location Bar: Thanh nh v v tr th mc hin hnh Status bar: Thanh trng thi pha di cng Reset View to Default : Hi phc li mc nh ch hin th Arrange items: Cch sp xp th mc/tp tin Zoom in: Phng to biu tng Zoom out: Thu nh biu tng Normal size: Hi phc li kch c bnh thng View as Icons: Th hin th mc con /tp tin dng cc biu tng View as List: Th hin th mc con/tp tin dng danh sch
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu - Go: thc hin vic thay i cp th mc hoc dng di chuyn nhanh n cc v tr thng truy cp (VD: th mc chnh, CD, thng rc...)
Open Parent: Ln 1 cp th mc Back: Quay v th mc trc Forward: Tin ti th mc trc khi bm Back Home folder: Th mc chnh ca ngi dung Computer: Th mc cp cao nht Templates: Th mc cha cc mu ti liu Trash: Thng rc cha cc th mc/tp tin khi thc hin thao tc xa CD/DVD Creator: Ghi a CD/DVD Network: Cc h thng kt ni mng ni b Location: Ni nhp a ch chnh xc truy cp Search for file: Tm kim th mc/tp tin Clear History: Xa lch s cc ni bn n Ngay pha di History l cc th mc bn tng n. 54
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu - Bookmark (lin kt lu): Ni lu tr cc lin kt n v tr ca a ch bn thm vo trong trnh n.
Add bookmark: Thm vo danh sch lin kt lu tr Edit bookmark: Sa cc lin kt lu tr Trn thanh cng c c cc nt vi chc nng thng s dng nh: Back: Quay tr v v tr bn va di chuyn Forward: Tin ti v tr trc khi bn nhn nt nt Back Up: Ln mt cp th mc (th mc cp trn) ca th mc hin hnh. Stop: Dng thao tc bn va thc hin Reload: Thc hin vic np li danh sch th mc/tp tin khi c s thay i v cu trc th mc/tp tin. Home: Di chuyn n th mc chnh ca ngi dng Computer: Danh sch cc thit b lu tr trong my tnh (tng t My computer trong Microsoft Windows) Search: S dng chc nng tm kim hoc bn c th nh vo thanh a ch ngy pha di thanh cng c.
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu C 2 nt phng to, thu nh bn phi thanh a ch tng gim kch c hin th th mc/tp tin Pha ngoi cng l nt kiu th hin danh sch th mc v tp tin trong ca s - Help: Hng dn s dng * Pha di cng ca ca s Nautilus l thanh trng thi. Thanh trng thi c cc thng tin nh: cng dng ca chc nng trong trnh n, thng tin ca th mc hoc tp tin. * m nhanh mt th mc thng dng, bn nhn nt <<Places>> ri chn mt th mc trong trnh n Places. Cn c nhiu tnh nng khc cc bn c th t khm ph thm. Ngoi ra trong Ubuntu c rt nhiu trnh qun l th mc v tp tin vi giao din thn thin, tin li v n gin m bn c th ci t thm trong trnh qun l ci t ng dng. Trong mc Search, t kha tm kim l File management hoc File commander. Mi phn mm u c u v nhc im ring ty vo nh gi ca bn. Mt s ng dng qun l th mc v tp tin ph bin l: Dolphin, Thunar File Manager, GNOME Commander (tng t Total Commander, NC) 3. B sung phng ch Unicode Khi bn vo cc trang web hoc mt phn mm ting Vit, bn c th nhn thy l phng ch th hin khng c gn gng, khng chun nh trn Windows. khc phc vic ny, cn phi b sung thm phng ch Unicode hin th ting Vit trong Ubuntu. B ci phng ch Unicode c th c ci trong trnh qun l ci t ng dng, t kha ca gi ng dng c tn l: Microsoft Core Fonts. Sau khi bn ci t xong b phng ch Unicode, cn phi kch hot th b phng ch mi c hiu lc, bn cn phi khi ng li Session. H thng sau khi ci t s hi bn v vic c khi ng li phin lm vic khng, chn <<Restart session>>. 56
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 4. G ting Vit trong Ubuntu Trong Microsoft Windows, nh c ting Vit, bn thng hay s dng mt s tin ch h tr nh ting Vit nh: Unikey, Vietkey. Trong Ubuntu cng c mt s tin ch nh ting Vit c dng ph bin hin nay l cc b g ting Vit nh: scim, scim-unikey, x-unikey, xvnkb. Mi b g u c u nhc im, nhng y chng ti chn b g Scim-unikey, v b g ny c nh gi l tt nht, c vit tch hp vi b g a ng trong Ubuntu nn khi s dng s t li hn. 4.1. Gii thiu Scim Scim l mt b g a ngn ng, c ci t mc nh trong Ubuntu. Scim bn thn t n khng th gip ta g c ting Vit (cng nh nhng ngn ng khc), m x l ting Vit thng qua cc module gi l IME. IME ny s dng Unikey engine x l ting Vit v th c kh nng g rt thng minh (tng t nh Unikey for Windows). Ngoi ra n cn c u im l nh v ci t d dng. y l d n c pht trin v h tr bi thnh vin Ubuntu-VN. Bn c th tm hiu thm ti trang ch d n ti http://scimunikey.googlecode.com/ 4.2. Kch hot b g scim Mc nh th trong Ubuntu b g scim c ci t sn, nhng khng c kch hot sn v vy bn vn cha th s dng n g ting Vit m cn phi kch hot ri mi s dng c. Cch kch hot: C 2 cch, bn c th dng dng lnh kch hot hoc kch hot trong phn thit lp h tr ngn ng. Kch hot bng dng lnh: g lnh sau vo ca s dng lnh (terminal): im-switch -s scim-bridge Kch hot bng giao din ha: trong phn System -> Administration -> Language support, nh du vo phn Enable 57
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu support to enter complex characters", sau khi ng li my l c th s dng c Scim
Hnh 4.11: Kch hot b g Scim
u im ca SCIM l h tr g a ng. Nhng chnh v qu nhiu ngn ng s khin cho bn ri mt. V vy bn c th Disable cc ngn ng v cc kiu g mnh khng s dng: 1. Nhn phi vo biu tng SCIM chn SCIM Setup. 2. khung bn phi chn vo IMEngine -> Global Setup. 3. Nhn vo <<Disable All>> b ht tt c cc kiu g. Sau ch nh du Enable vo nhng kiu g bn mun. 4. Khi ng li SCIM bng cch ng xut v ng nhp li. 5. chn mt kiu g cho tt c cc ng dng m khng cn chn li ta vo SCIM Input Method Setup -> FrontEnd -> Global Setup chn vo Share the same input method among all application. 6. Bn c th thay i cc phm tt (hotkey) d dng s dng hn: vo SCIM Setup -> FrontEnd -> Global Setup
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Hnh 4.12: Thit lp b g Scim
4.3. Ci t Scim-unikey 1. Ti phin bn scim-unikey mi nht ti y: http://code.google.com/p/scim-unikey/ 2. Vo phn Download 3. Nhn nt scim-unikey_0.2.0-1ppa0~intrepid_i386.deb dnh cho Ubuntu 8.04 32bit ti tp ci t v.
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Hnh 4.13: Ti file ci
4. Lu tp ny vo mt th mc no (VD: Download). y l mt tp tin c ui .DEB nn c th ci trc tip. Bm p vo tp tin va ti v, nhn nt <<Install Package>> ci t gi Scim-Unikey.
Hnh 4.14: Ci t Scim-Unikey
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 5. H thng s yu cu nhp mt khu ti khon qun tr. Bn nhp mt khu qun tr (root) vo. Sau khi qua trnh ci t hon tt, nhn nt <<Close>>.
Hnh 4.15: Kt thc vic ci t
6. Sau bn hy Logout khi phin lm vic v ng nhp li c th s dng. Ch : Nu bn khng thy biu tng ca scim th xem li phn Kch hot b g scim. 4.4. Hng dn s dng Sau khi ci t scim c chn l b g mc nh th bn c th nhn thy biu tng bn phm scim gc phi trn ca mn hnh (hnh bn phm). Nhn chut tri chn phng thc nhp liu, chut phi ci t cu hnh scim. Nu khng tm thy biu tng scim trn mn hnh, bn c th vo phn: H thng (System) -> Ty thch -> SCIM Input method setup m phn cu hnh Scim-Unikey scim-unikey c 2 kiu lm vic: 61
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu + Preedit (mc nh): y l c ch hot ng tt nht v khuyn dng. Nhng nu bn quen vi cc b g khc th bn s cm thy hi kh chu, v khi g n s hin th mt ng gch di ch ang g. + Trc tip: c ch ny hot ng ging nh cc b g quen thuc khc (Unikey trn Windows). Mc nh khi ci s l preedit. sa mc nh bn b chn mc Preedit is default.
Hnh 4.16: Thit lp Scim-Unikey
- Cc ty chn ca scim-unikey: ( thc hin c cc tc v sau, bn vo Scim Setup -> IMEngine -> Unikey Setup) Khi ang g mun chuyn nhanh gia 2 ch c th s dng phm tt sau (mc nh): Control+Alt+backslash (\). Bn c th t phm khc. Do scim-unikey s dng unikey engine nn n c hu ht cc chc nng ca unikey: + Enable spell check: chc nng kim tra li chnh t: + Auto restore keys with invalid word: t ng tr v phm gc khi gp t sai + Use o, u (instead of a, y): b du kiu mi 62
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu + Allow type with more freedom: cho php b du t do + Enable Macro: cho php s dng macro. Dng nt Macro Table nh ngha macro Ngoi ra cn 2 ty chn khc vi kiu g telex: + Process W at word begin: b chn cho phm w u t khng bin thnh + Not use [,],{,} on telex: khng s dng cc phm [,],{,} khi g vi kiu telex - g trong mt vng son tho: nhn Ctr +Space. Thao tc nhn t hp phm ny mt ln na b dng. - Khi ang g bn c th s dng t hp phm tt Ctrl + Shift chuyn ti kiu g tip theo.
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CHNG 05: THIT LP V TY BIN UBUNTU

Sau khi hon thnh chng ny, bn c th nm c: Ty bin Ubuntu Thit lp Ubuntu Ci t my in Thit b lu tr d liu lu ng 1. Ty bin Ubuntu ty bin Ubuntu hot ng ty theo thch ca mnh, bn s dng cc chc nng trong Preferences menu System. 1.1. Ty chnh Introduction (T gii thiu) Mc ny bn nhp cc thng tin chi tit v bn s dng khi bn trao i thng tin.
Hnh 5.1: Cp nht thng tin c nhn
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 1.2. Appearance Trong mc ny, bn c th ty chnh cc thng s v mn hnh lm vic. Trong th Background (Hnh nn) c cc file nh thay i hnh nn Desktop, bn c th chn mt hnh nn ty thch, nu mun c th thm cc tp nh nn khc bng cch nhn nt Add (Thm) ri chn n tp nh ri bm Open (M). Sau khi hon thnh bm Close (ng).
Hnh 5.2: Thay i sc thi
Trong th Theme (Sc thi), bn c th chn thay i cc sc thi theo thch ca bn. Nu mun, bn c th b sung thm cc sc thi khc ti v t Internet. Trong th Fonts (Kiu ch) l cc thit lp v phng ch. Bn c th thay i cc kiu ch ty cho tng phn trong giao din ca Ubuntu. Trong Microsoft Windows, cc bn c th nhn thy trong qu trnh s dng c cc hiu ng rt p mt th trong Ubuntu cng c rt nhiu hiu ng tng t nh vy v c th cn nhiu hiu ng cn vt tri hn th. Trong Ubuntu ci sn nhng ngm nh cha c kch hot, bn c th thay i cch hin th v hiu ng trong trong th Interface (Giao din) v th Visual Effects (Hiu ng th gic). Ngoi 66
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu ra c th b sung thm cc hiu ng khc bng cc gi hiu ng trong kho phn mm.
Hnh 5.3: Ty chnh hiu ng
1.3. Assistive Technologies Mc ny ty chnh cc tnh nng h tr cho ngi khim th.
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Hnh 5.4: Ty chnh tnh nng h tr cho ngi khim th
1.4. Bluetooth Nu my tnh ca bn c thit b Bluetooth, bn c th vo phn ny ty chnh dch v Bluetooth.
Hnh 5.5: Ty chnh dch v Bluetooth
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 1.5. Default printer Trong my bn c ci nhiu my in, bn c th ty chnh my in no c u tin in.
Hnh 5.6: Ty chnh my in mc nh
1.6. Encryption and Keyrings Phn ny ty chnh cch thit lp mt khu khi truy cp Internet v trao i thng tin (Mail, message...)
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Hnh 5.7: Ty chnh mt khu
1.7. Keyboard Trong mc ny, bn c th thit lp cc thng s ca bn phm ph hp theo thch ca bn (tc phm, tc nhy)
Hnh 5.8: Ty chnh bn phm
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 1.8. Keyboard shotcuts Bn c th thay i cch s dng cc phm tt thng dng trong Ubuntu thng qua mc ny.
Hnh 5.9: Ty chnh phm tt
1.9. Main menu Nhiu khi cc bn cm thy cc danh mc trn trnh n chnh khng c nh , bn hon ton c th thay i cch sp xp danh mc trnh n chnh trong mc ny.
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Hnh 5.10: Ty chn trnh n chnh (Main Menu)
thm hoc b cc ng dng c trong trnh n chnh, cc bn ch cn nh du thm hoc b du i, sp xp th t cc trnh n bng cch nhn nt mc ri nhn nt <<Move up>> hoc <<Move down>>. Nu bn mun b sung trnh n mi, bn nhn nt <<New Menu>> v nhp cc thng s Name, Description hoc b sung trnh n mi, bn nhn nt <<New item>> v nhp cc thng s Name, Command, Comment, phn command bn nhn nt <<Browser>> n ng dng ri nhn nt <<Accept>>. Kt thc vic ty chnh, bn nhn nt <<Close>>. 1.10. Mouse Trong mc ny l cc mc tinh chnh cch s dng chut cho ph hp vi thi quen ca bn.
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Hnh 5.11: Ty chnh chut
1.11. Network Proxy Trong h thng mng ni b ca cng ty bn, mun kt ni Internet bt buc phi kt ni thng qua my ch y nhim hoc bn mun kt ni qua mt my ch y nhim no trn Internet, bn c th nhp cc thng s v my ch y nhim trong mc ny cc ng dng trong Ubuntu kt ni thng qua my ch y nhim ra ngoi Internet.
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Hnh 5.12: Ty chnh y nhim mng
1.12. Ty chnh PalmOS device (thit b PalmOS) Bn c thit b cm tay, bn mun ng b ha d liu gia Ubuntu v thit b cm tay ca bn, trong mc ny c cc ty chnh ng b gia Ubuntu v thit b cm tay. 1.13. Ty chnh Power Management (Qun l in nng) Vic my tnh ca bn c tit kim in hay khng ty thuc vo vic bn ty chnh cc thng s trong mc ny (thi gian tt mn hnh, ng ng khi my tnh khng s dng...).
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Hnh 5.13: Ty chnh qun l in nng
1.14. Preferred Applications Bn c ci t nhiu ng dng x l mt dng tp tin, nhng bn thng hay s dng mt ng dng lm vic vi dng tp tin . Trong mc ny, bn c th ty chnh u tin ng dng c khi ng x l dng tp tin khi bn m tp tin .
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Hnh 5.14: ty chnh ng dng a thch
1.15. Remote Screen Bn c th ty chnh my tnh ca bn c th iu khin c t my tnh khc trong mc ny. C rt nhiu tinh chnh nng cao ch bo mt khi truy cp t xa.
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Hnh 5.15: Ty chnh ch lm vic t xa
1.16. Removable Drives and Media Ty chnh cc ng dng x l cc kt ni khi c thit b a phng tin (Camera, my in, my qut...) hoc thit b lu tr di ng.
Hnh 5.16: Ty chnh cc ng dng
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 1.17. Ty chnh SCIM Input method (cch thc nhp liu) Nu bn kch hot ch nhp liu a ng, mc ny s xut hin bn c th ty chnh cch s dng nhp liu a ng, trong c ting Vit.
Hnh 5.17: Ty chnh ch nhp a ng
1.18. Screen Resolution Trong mc ny, bn c th iu chnh ch mn hnh cho ph hp vi yu cu ca bn. Bn c th thay i phn gii mn hnh to ra hoc nh li mc chn Resolution ( phn gii), tng gim Refresh rate (Tc lm ti), hoc xoay mn hnh (Rotation). s thay i c tc dng, nhn nt <<Apply>>, mt cnh bo hin ra, nhn nt <<Keep settings>>, ri nhn nt <<Close>> ng.
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Hnh 5.18: Thit lp ch phn gii mn hnh
1.19. Screensaver B bo v mn hnh ca Ubuntu kh a dng v c phn thnh nhiu loi khc nhau. Cc bn c th chn Screensaver m bn mun hoc chn Random, thay i thi gian Screensaver s c kch hot. Sau nhn nt <<Close>>.
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Hnh 5.19: Ty chnh Screensaver
1.20. Search and Index Bn c th ty chnh cch Ubuntu tm kim tp tin v lp ch mc trong mc ny.
Hnh 5.20: Ty chnh ch tm kim v lp ch mc
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 1.21. Session Mi khi bn ng nhp vo Ubuntu, mt phin lm vic s c to ra, nhiu ngi ng nhp s c nhiu phin, mi phin s c thit lp khc nhau, chy cc phn mm khc nhau, phin lm vic ca ngi ny khng nh hng n phin lm vic ca ngi kia (tr ngi qun tr c quyn tt bt cc phin lm vic). Khi mi phin lm vic to ra s c cc phn mm c khi ng ln, bn c th qun l vic chy cc phn mm ny trong mc Qun l phin lm vic.
Hnh 5.21: Qun l phin lm vic
1.22. Sound Thay i ch pht m thanh, bn c th thit lp cch Ubuntu pht nhc, ty chnh cc m thanh cho cc s kin.
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Hnh 5.22: Ty chnh m thnh
1.23. Windows Trong mc ny, bn c th ty chnh cc thng s v ca s lm vic.
Hnh 5.23: Ty chnh ca s
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 2. Thit lp Ubuntu Trong phn ny l cc thit lp v h thng, bn c th thay i cc thit lp sau khi ci t ca Ubuntu. Hu ht s thay i trong phn ny u i hi phi c quyn qun tr v n nh hng n ton b h thng Ubuntu nn bn khng nn ty chnh sa cc thit lp trong phn ny. y chng ti ch gii thiu s lc qua cc mc trong . a) Authorizations Bn c th s dng chc nng ny qun tr y quyn cho mt ti khon thp hn c quyn thay i vi mt thit lp h thng no . b) Hardware drivers Chc nng ny dng qun l cc trnh qun l thit b kt ni vi my tnh. c) Hardware testing S dng chc nng ny kim tra cc thit b ca my tnh. d) Language support Trong mc ny l cc thit lp v vic h tr a ng ca Ubuntu. Bn c th b sung cc ngn ng c th hin trong h thng ca Ubuntu. e) Login Window Trong mc ny c cc thit lp v ca s ng nhp trc khi tin hnh ng nhp vo h thng Ubuntu. f) Network Trong phn ny l cc thit lp kt ni vi h thng mng ni b, Internet. thay i cc thit lp, nhn nt <<Unlock>> m kha.
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Hnh 5.24: Thit lp mng
cu hnh cho mng c dy, bn bm vo Wired Connection -> Properties.
Hnh 5.25: Thit lp mng Wired
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu B du check Enable roaming mode nu bn nh thit lp IP tnh. Trong mc Configuration, bm v gi chn Static IP Address. Nhp cc thng tin thit lp vo cc mc tng ng: IP Address, Subnet mask, Gateway address ri nhn nt <<OK>>
Hnh 5.26: Thit lp DNS
Bm vo th DNS thit lp DNS Server Ngoi ra bn c th thit lp a ch host bng tay trong th Hosts (tng t nh tp hosts ca Microsoft Windows) - Kt thc vic thit lp thng tin mng, nhn nt <<Close>>. i vi mng khng dy, cu hnh my ca bn phi c thit b kt ni khng dy (Wireless LAN Adaptor) c th kt ni theo cc chun nh A/B/G/N. Nu khi my bn di vng ph sng Wifi, bn ch cn bm vo biu tng kt ni mng, danh sch cc mng Wifi m my bn bt sng c s hin ra, bm vo mng Wifi kt ni. Nu mng yu cu kha mng, bn phi nhp m mng c th kt ni.
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Hnh 5.27: Kt ni Wifi
Sau khi kt ni c thit lp, biu tng mng s bin thnh biu tng ct sng bo hiu mc mnh yu ca ngun pht. g) Network tools Trong mc ny c cc cng c tr gip ngi qun tr thc hin vic kim tra v d li trong h thng mng. h) Printing Ci t v thit lp my in (Tham kho mc 3 bn di) i) Services Thit lp cc dch v c khi ng cng vi Ubuntu. j) Software source Qun l cc ngun ti nguyn v gi ci t ng dng c s dng trong trnh qun l ci t. k) Synaptic Package Manager Trnh qun l gi Synaptic tng t trnh qun l ci t ng dng nhng dng m rng, nu bn khng tm thy phn mm cn ci t trong trnh qun l ci t, bn c th vo y tm thm. Trong ny c c nhng phin bn th nghim cha c chnh thc pht hnh. l) System log 86
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu S dng chc nng ny, bn c th c tt c mi s thay i i vi h thng. Ngoi ra cn lu tr cc thng tin hot ng ca cc phn mm. m) System monitor Chc nng ny dng theo di ti nguyn h thng (VD: RAM, CPU..) n) Time and Date Trong mc ny l cc thit lp v ngy gi s dng trong h thng Ubuntu. o) Update Manager Trnh ny qun l cc gi dng nng cp cho h thng Ubuntu tng t nh Microsoft Update trong Windows. p) User and group Dng chc nng ny qun l ngi dng v nhm ngi dng. C th thm bt ngi dng, thay i quyn hn ca ti khon . (Phi unlock (g kha) mi c th thay i cc thit lp). 3. Ci t my in Cc tc v lin quan n my in trn Ubuntu nh ci t, thit lp, chia s cng kh n gin. C hai hnh thc s dng my in ph bin hin nay l: ci my in cc b (cm trc tip vo my tnh Ubuntu) v ci my in mng (s dng nguyn tc chia s ti nguyn in n ca mt my in qua giao thc chia s my in ca my ch hoc my trm ngang hng c my in...) Ci t my in cc b 1. Bn cm my in vo my tnh thng qua cng LPT hoc USB. Vo mc System -> Administration -> Printing. Ca s Printer Configuration hin ra.
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Hnh 5.28: Ci t my in
2. Nhn nt <<New Printer>>, nu my in ca bn kt ni qua cng LPT, bn chn vo LPT, cn nu cng USB th chn thit b c tn tng t vi my in ca bn, ri nhn nt <<Forward>>
Hnh 5.29: Chn my in ci t
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 3. Chn kiu loi tng ng trong c s d liu ca Ubuntu, ri chn tip Model ca my in ri nhn nt <<Forward>>.
Hnh 5.30: Chn kiu loi my in
4. t tn cho my in ri nhn nt <<Apply>>.
Hnh 5.31: t tn my in
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Sau khi ci t my in xong, bn c th bm vo my in mi ci t ri nhn nt <<Print Test Page>> in th mt trang in kim tra. S dng my in trong mng Nu c quan bn chia s my in qua h thng mng, my tnh cm my in chia s my in dng chung, m bn mun ci t my in th lm nh sau: 1. Vo li ca s Printer Configuration, nhn chut vo biu tng New. H thng s t ng d tm my in c chia s trong h thng mng v hin ln danh sch. 2. Bn chn my in chia s ri nhn nt Forward
Hnh 5.32: Tm my in chia s trong mng ni b
3. Chn hng sn xut ri nhn nt <<Forward>> 4. H thng s t ng tm kim Driver iu khin cho my in trong Printer model ri nhn nt <<Forward>>. 5. Trong mn hnh Installed Options, bn nh du cc tnh nng b sung ca my in, ri nhn nt <<Forward>>. 6. Trong mn hnh tip theo, bn nhp tn my in, thng tin m t v v tr t my in. Sau khi nhp xong, nhn nt <<Apply>>. 90
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 4. Thit b lu tr d liu lu ng Thit b lu tr di ng c coi l mt i tng, l kho cha ti nguyn thng tin c gii hn. N m t bt k mt phn cng cng ngh k thut s no kt ni vi my tnh trao i, chia s cc d liu. Cc loi thit b lu tr ph bin: Th nh (SD, MiniSD,MMC, xD Card...) Cc cng m rng hay cc trnh iu khin cho CD/DVD ROM My nh, my quay k thut s, khung nh s Cc thit b a phng tin nh thit b nghe nhc MP3, MP4, in thoi, v mt s thit b khc Hu ht tt c cc thit b lu tr di ng u c Ubuntu h tr nn vic kt ni ht sc gin d. Bn ch vic cm thit b lu tr di ng vo my tnh thng qua cng kt ni (USB, miniUSB, IEEE 1394...), mt tp tin trnh duyt ca s s hin ln t ng trnh din ni dung chi tit ca thit b lu tr, v mt biu tng s hin ln trn nn mn hnh Desktop.
Hnh 5.33: S dng thit b lu tr
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Lu : C mt vn thc s quan trng l trc khi bn ngt kt ni thit b lu tr ra khi my tnh, bn phi g lin kt gia thit b ny v my tnh trnh cho vic mt d liu khi h thng cha ghi ht ton b d liu vo thit b lu tr v ngng cung cp ngun cho thit b. iu ny c th d dng thc hin bng cch nhn vo biu tng y thit b ra <<EJECT>>, biu tng bin mt tc l bn c th rt thit b lu tr ra khi my tnh.
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CHNG 06: CC NG DNG TRONG UBUNTU

Sau khi hon thnh chng ny, bn c th nm c: Gii thiu cc ng dng trong Ubuntu ng dng m thanh v video ng dng b tr ng dng ha ng dng mng Tr chi B ng dng vn phng OpenOffice.org 1. Gii thiu cc ng dng trong Ubuntu ng dng s dng trn Ubuntu rt nhiu, do cng ng lp trnh vin trn ton th gii pht trin v ng k trong kho phn mm ca Ubuntu. Cc bn c th tm trong kho phn mm hoc ti v t Internet s dng hon ton min ph. Mt s sn phm m cc hng phn mm pht hnh thng mi th bn phi mua mi c s dng nhng hu nh cc phn mm m ngun m u c ht cc ng dng c tnh nng tng t. Mt s ng dng cn thit cho ngi dng bnh thng c tch hp sn trong a ci Ubuntu v c ci t trong qu trnh ci t Ubuntu. phn ny, chng ti s gii thiu s qua v cc ng dng ny. Cc bn c th truy cp vo cc ng dng ny trong trnh n Application (ng dng), cc ng dng c phn chia thnh cc nhm khc nhau tin cho vic qun l v truy cp cc ng dng.
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 2. ng dng m thanh v video Tuy khng a dng v cc ng dng ca cc hng th ba, nhng Ubuntu cng bao gm kh nhiu cc trnh a phng tin hay, b ch cho lnh vc gii tr trn PC. 2.1. Rhythmbox Music Player Rhythmbox Music Player l ng dng nghe nhc, h tr hu ht cc loi tp a phng tin thng qua cc b gii m a phng tin. Giao din ca Rhythmbox kh n gin, d iu khin, ngoi ra cn c tnh nng t ng tm kim v xy dng th vin nhc s da trn cc tp a phng tin sn c trn my ca bn. 2.2. Ci t trnh Rhythmbox Music Player Trc tin, nhn chut phi ln tp tin nhc (c ui dng: MP3, MP4, WMA..) v chn Open with Rhythmbox Music Player
Hnh 6.1: Trnh nghe nhc Rhythmbox Music Player
i vi cc tp nhc cha c b gii m, Rhythmbox Music Player s hin ra mt cnh bo ngh ci t thm b gii m. Trong hp thoi Search for suitable codec, bn nhn nt <<Search>> tm kim cc 94
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu b gii m (codec) tng ng (codec l cc b gii m nh dng tp tin m thanh v hnh nh).
Hnh 6.2: Yu cu ci b gii m
Khi hp thoi Install multimedia codecs xut hin, bn chn hai mc Gstreamer extra plugins v Gstreamer ffmpeg video plugin. Khi bn chn, h thng s xut hin thng tin cnh bo, bn nhn nt <<Confirm>>.
Hnh 6.3: Ci t b gii m
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Sau khi nh du, bn nhn nt <<Install>>, nhp tip mt khu qun tr, mt cnh bo hin ra v vic ci thm phn mm, bn nhn nt <<Apply>>, qu trnh ci t din ra ging nh ci t gi phn .S dng m tp tin nhc, bn bm vo trnh n Music, chn Import File, chn tp tin nhc bn mun nghe ri nhn nt <<Open>>. Nu mun m nhiu tp tin trong mt th mc, trong trnh n Music, bn chn Import Folder v tr n th mc cha cc tp tin nhc ri nhn nt <<Open>>. Bn c th thm tp tin nhc vo trong th vin nhc tin cho vic qun l cc tp tin nhc. Trong hp thoi Import File into Library, bn chn tp tin hay th mc cn thit. Sau , nhn nt <<Open>>. Trn ca s chnh, nghe nhc, bn bm p chut ln tp tin hay nhn nt <<Play>> trn thanh cng c. Ngoi ra, cn c cc nt chc nng khc: Previous: chy v tp trc n Next : chy v tp sau n Repeat: lp li nhc phm hin ti Shuffle: nghe nhc theo th t ngu nhin. Chc nng Visualization gip bn chim ngng nhng hnh nh ha trc quan v nhp nhng theo giai iu bn nhc. Ngoi ra, nu mn thay i cc thng s cu hnh trn Rhythmbox Music Player nh: cho php n /hin cc ct thng tin, thay i th mc mc nh Rhythmbox Music Player t ng cp nht cc tp tin nhc mi bn vo trnh n Edit -> Preferences.
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 2.3. Xem phim vi Totem Movie Player
Hnh 6.4: Trnh xem phim Totem
Totem l mt trong cc trnh xem phim rt c a chung, h tr tt c cc nh dng phim thng qua cc b gii m. xem phim, bn vo trnh n Applications -> Sound & Video-> Movie Player. m phim, bn vo trnh n Movie -> Open, chn tp tin phim v nhn nt Add m phim ra xem. Nu c a VCD hoc DVD, bn cho a vo a CD/DVD ri vo trnh n Movie -> Play disc. pha di l cc phm iu khin nh: dng pht, tua tin ln, tua li li, iu chnh m thanh. Trong trnh n Edit c mt s tnh nng nh: - Take Screenshot... Chp hnh ang pht - Repeat mode: Ch pht li - Shuffle mode: Ch pht bt k trong danh sch - Clear Playlist: xa danh sch ang pht - Plugins: Qun l cc b ci b sung - Preferences: Ty chnh cc thng s Ngoi ra, nu bn m mt nh dng tp tin m Totem khng h tr, trnh ny s hin th mt thng bo li, thng l cc li v cc b gii 97
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu m (codec) cha c b sung vo h thng trnh xem phim ca ta, bn cn phi lm theo mc b sung b gii m xem tp tin . Trong trnh n View c cc ch hin th pht phim. Trnh n Go tin cho vic chuyn v tr khi xem a VCD hoc DVD. Trnh n Sound ty chnh m lng v chn ngun ting khi bn ang xem a c nhiu ngun ting. 2.4. Ghi a CD/DVD vi Brasero Disc Burning s dng tin ch ny, bn cn phi c a ghi CD hoc DVD. Tin ch ghi a CD/DVD Brasero trn Ubuntu gm c nm chc nng chnh: Audio project : to mt a CD Audio. Data project: to mt a CD/DVD cha bt k loi d liu no m my tnh c th c c. Video Project: to mt a phim hay on phim ra a CD/DVD . Disc copy: sao chp mt a CD/DVD no vo a cng hay vo mt a CD/DVD khc ca bn Burn image: ghi mt CD/DVD nh sn c ra a CD/DVD s dng mt trong nm chc nng va nu, bn nhn chn ty chn tng xng.
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Hnh 6.5: Trnh ghi a CD/DVD Brasero
V d, bn nh chn ty chn l ghi mt nh ln a CD, bn chn Burn Image trn mn hnh Brasero. Trong hp thoi Image burning setup, hiu chnh mt s ty chn theo ca mnh Select a drive to write : La chn a CD/DVD dng ghi a CD/DVD. Number of copies: la chn s lng a s ghi, mc nh l 1. Path: y l ch ng dn n tp tin nh. Image type: ch nh th loi tp tin hnh nh. Tip theo, nhn nt <<Burn>> bt u ghi a Sau khi tin trnh ghi a kt thc, trnh Brasero s t ng y a ra khi khay a v hon thnh cng vic ghi a t tp tin hnh nh 2.5. Sao chp nhc t a CD/DVD vi Audia CD Extractor chuyn cc tp tin nhc thnh cc nh dng MP3, OGG t a CD, bn c th s dng trnh Audio CD Extractor. u tin, bn a a CD nhc vo a CD, sau vo thc n Applications -> Sound & Video -> Audio CD Extractor. 99
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Trong ca s chnh ca Sound Juicer, bn nhp cc thng s lin quan n a nhc nh Title, Artist, Genre
Hnh 6.6: Trnh chp nhc t a CD Audio
Sau chn cc tp tin nhc mun chuyn. Cui cng, bn nhn nt <<Extract>>. Ngay sau , qu trnh chuyn i s din ra trn cc tp tin m bn chn cho n khi hon thnh.
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 2.6. Thu m vi Sound Recorder
Hnh 6.7: Thu m bng Sound Recorder
bt u thu m, bn lm theo cc bc sau y: T mn hnh chnh ca trnh Sound recoder, bn vo trnh n File > New hay nhn nt <<New>> trn thanh cng c. La chn ngun thu l Phone, Microphone mc Record from input Chn la nh dng tp tin a phng tin lu cc tp tin m thanh mc Record as. bt u thu m, nhn nt <<Record>>. dng thu, nhn nt <<Stop>>. Khi mun nghe li tp tin mi ghi m, nhn nt <<Play>>. lu cc tp tin mi ghi m, bn nhn nt <<Save>>, sau nhp tn cho tp tin v nhn nt Save. Nu mun nghe li bt k tp tin no ghi m, bn vo File chn Open. Sau , chn mt tp tin no trong hp thoi Open a file v nhn nt <<OK>>. 101
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 3. ng dng b tr 3.1. Calculator Cng c tnh ton k thut c y cc tnh nng tnh ton cc cng thc ton hc t n gin n phc tp. 3.2. Character map Trnh bn k t xem thng tin v tt c cc k t c h tr trong cc b phng ch. 3.3. Dictionary T in ting Anh trc tuyn tra cu t vi nhiu b t in (Anh Nga, Anh - c,...). Nhng v khng c b t in Anh Vit hay Vit Anh nn chng ti khng cp n nhiu, bn c th tm hiu thm ti a ch web: http://dict.org/. 3.4. Disc Usage Analyzer Phn mm phn tch dung lng khng gian lu tr cn trng bao nhiu, s dng bao nhiu, dung lng ca tng th mc... 3.5. Manager print jobs Qun l cc tc v in n 3.6. Password and Encryption Keys Qun l mt khu v cc kha m ha d liu. 3.7. Take Screenshot i khi bn mun lu li ton b hnh nh ca mn hnh ang lm vic ra thnh mt tp tin hnh nh bn c th s dng ng dng ny lu li, rt nh gn v tin li. 102
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 3.8. Ca s dng lnh (Terminal) Trnh ng dng thc hin cc lnh thi hnh trn giao din dng lnh. Tham kho trong chng 3 mc 4 . 3.9. Text Editor Bn cn mt trnh son tho vn bn n gin, khng cn thm cc tnh nng cao cp th y chnh l ng dng bn cn. Cch s dng cng tng t nh Notepad. 3.10. Ghi ch Tomboy Bn cn mt ni lu tr thng tin, ghi ch, nhc nh th Tomboy p ng c yu cu ca bn. 3.11. Tracker tools search Cng c tm kim ti liu 4. ng dng ha 4.1. B qun l nh chp F-spot Dng cng c ny qun l, sa i cc tp tin hnh nh trong h thng ca bn. 4.2. GIMP Image Editor Cng c chnh sa hnh nh vi rt nhiu tnh nng cao cp. 4.3. Xsane Image Scanner ng dng nhp thng tin t my qut.
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 5. ng dng mng 5.1. Lt web vi Firefox Firefox l mt phn mm duyt web min ph v chy a nn, h tr tt c cc tnh nng tng t nh Internet Explorer ca Windows nhng li c tc x l nhanh hn, mnh hn v an ton hn rt nhiu.
Hnh 6.8: Lt web vi Firefox
Bn c th truy cp Internet bng cch nhp a ch Internet vo thanh Address. m nhiu th, cc bn c th chn File -> New tab, hoc bm t hp phm Ctrl + T. Mi th l mt ca s lm vic (mt website), bm chut vo cc th chuyn qua li gia cc trang web. Bm chut phi vo th ri chn Close ng th, tng t nh tt trang web i. Thanh cng c di trnh n h tr vic bn lt cc trang web Back: Li li trang web trc Forward: Tin ti trang web m bn vo trc khi li li
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Mi tn xung bn cnh nt Forward: danh sch cc trang web bn va vo Reload: ti li trang web hin thi Stop: dng vic ti trang web Home: tr v trang web mc nh
Mc Search: thay v bn truy cp vo cc trang web tm kim, bn c th nh trc tip t kha cn tm trong mc Search s dng cc phng tin tm kim nh Google, Yahoo... nh du mt trang web yu thch ca bn m bn thng xuyn vo m khng mun phi g li nhiu ln th bn lm nh sau: truy cp vo trang yu thch , Bookmarks -> Bookmark this page hoc nhn Ctrl+D, nguyn tiu trang hoc nhp mt ci tn khc d nh vo ri nhn nt <<Done>>.
Hnh 6.9: nh du trang vi Bookmark
Tt c cc trang yu thch bn t bookmark s c thm vo trong menu Bookmarks. 105
Hnh 6.10: Trnh n lit k cc Bookmark
Ngoi ra nu bn mun cu hnh thm mt s cu hnh mc nh ca Firefox, bn c th vo trnh n Edit -> Preferences thay i cc thit lp ny. 5.2. Nhn gi th bng Thunderbird Cng vi cc phn mm gi v nhn email khc, Thunderbird ang c ngi dng trn ton th gii a chung vi giao din n gin, a nn, d ci t, thn thin. Thunderbird c th chy trn a nn Windows v Linux. Bn c th ci t Thunderbird thng qua trnh ci t ng dng Add/Remove. 1. Cu hnh Thunderbird Khi bn khi ng Thunderbird ln u tin, Thunderbird s yu cu thit ti khon nhn gi mail. Cc bc s thc hin nh sau: Trong mn hnh New Account Wizard -> Email Account nhn nt <Next>> 106
Hnh 6.11: Thit lp ti khon email
Trong mn hnh Identify, nhp h tn v a ch email ca bn vo mc Your name v Email Address, ri nhn nt <<Next>>,
Hnh 6.12: Nhp thng tin ti khon mail
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Trong mn hnh Server Information, bn chn kiu giao thc kt ni: POP, tip n nhp a ch my ch mail server nhn vo mc Incoming server, nhp a ch my ch gi mail vo mc Outgoing Server (thng l c 2 u ging nhau), ri nhn nt <<Next>>
Hnh 6.13: Thit lp mail server
Trong mn hnh Username, cc bn gi tr mc nh hoc l nhp li cho ng (thng l a ch email y ) ri nhn nt <<Next>>
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Hnh 6.14: Nhp tn xc thc ti khon
Trong mc Account name, bn nhp mt tn tng ng phn bit ti khon ny vi cc ti khon khc khi bn thm vo Thunderbird, ri nhn nt <<Next>>.
Hnh 6.15: t tn ti khon
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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Mn hnh cui cng l Congratulation, nhn nt <<Finish>> kt thc qu trnh thit lp ti khon email.
Hnh 6.16: Kt thc qu trnh thit lp
2. S dng Thunderbird Vic s dng Thunderbird cng kh n gin. Nu bn tng dng Thunderbird trn Windows th trn Ubuntu n cng nh vy. Mn hnh bn tri l cy th mc cha th, khong gia l danh sch cc th cha trong cc th mc, khong di l ni dung th khi bn bm vo cc bc th. Pha trn l cc nt bm chc nng thng dng: <<Get mail>>: nhn th v <<Write>>: vit th mi <<Address book>>: danh sch cc a ch <<Reply>>: tr li th <<Reply all>>: tr li cho tt c nhng ngi c tn trong bc th <<Forward>>: chuyn tip bc th cho ngi <<Tag>>: nh du th 110
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu <<Delete>>: Xa th <<Junk>>: nh du th rc <<Print>>: In th cu hnh lc th, phn b vo cc th mc th cc bn vo menu Tools -> Message filters....
Hnh 6.17: Cu hnh Message filter
Trong hp thoi Message Filters, ri nhn nt <<New>>
111
Hnh 6.18: Thit lp Rule
Mc Filter name, nhp tn ca lut Mc For incoming message that, bn nhp cc iu kin tng ng Mc Perform these actions, bn chn phng thc thc hin, ri bm OK Bn c th to nhiu Rule khc nhau, cc rule s c thc hin theo th t u tin t trn xung di. Kt thc vic to Rule, cc bn nhn nt <<Run now>> p dng cc Rule i vi cc th nhn v hoc ng li p dng cho cc th s nhn v sau. thay i cc thit lp cho Thunderbird, bn vo Edit -> Preferences 5.3. Gi nhn th bng Evolution Evolution l trnh ng dng gi nhn email c tch hp sn cng vi Ubuntu. Giao din s dng ca Evolution cng kh n gin, thn thin, d s dng. Trong Evolution c cc mc tng t nh Microsoft
112
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Outlook nh Mail, Contact, Calendar, Task, Note. Nu bn dng quen th khi chuyn sang dng Evolution s khng c g b ng c. Khi khi ng Evolution ln u tin, Evolution s yu cu bn thit lp ti khon gi nhn th. Bn nhp cc thng tin cn thit trong phn ny: Tn h y , a ch email, a ch my ch nhn th, giao thc kt ni, a ch gi th, tn ti khon nhn gi th. Evolution h tr rt nhiu giao thc: POP, IMAP, Microsoft Exchange,... bn ch vic nhp cc thng tin cn thit l c th s dng c. 5.4. Chat qua Pidgin Pidgin l mt tin ch ni ting c dng trao i thng tin qua Internet c pht trin trn Linux. Tin ch ny h tr hu ht cc giao thc truyn tin ph bin nh: Yahoo, MSN, Jabber, IRC, AIM... c ci t sn trong Ubuntu, Pidgin c giao din kh n gin v d s dng. bt u s dng Pidgin, bn vo Applications -> Internet -> Pidgin Instant Messenger
Hnh 6.19: Thit lp ti khon trong Pidgin
113
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Trong ca s Welcome to Pidgin, bn bm Add (Thm)
Hnh 6.20: Thit lp thng s ti khon
Bn chn giao thc kt ni mc Protocol VD: Google Talk, nhp tn ngi dng vo Username v mt khu vo Password. nh du vo Remember password lu li mt khu ri chn Save. Ngay sau khi bn lu thit lp vo, Pidgin s kt ni Internet. Khi cc ti khon xut hin l kt ni thnh cng. Bn hon ton c th s dng ging nh Yahoo Messenger...
114
Hnh 6.21: S dng Pidgin
Trong trng hp bn khng kt ni c mc d nhp ng cc thng s, bn cn phi nng cp phn mm Pidgin cp nht cch thc kt ni. Cch s dng gi nhn thng tin t cc ti khon khc tng t nh cc chng trnh cht khc. 5.5. Terminal Server Client Mt trnh ng dng tng t nh Remote Desktop trong Microsoft Windows, dng iu khin my tnh t xa. Trong ny cng c y cc thng s thit lp kt ni vi my tnh t xa. 5.6. Transmission Bittorrent Client Phn phm min ph dng chia s d liu thng qua giao thc peer to peer, hon ton tng thch vi BitTorrent, v hin l mt trong nhng cng truyn ti d liu ph bin nht c thit k dnh cho vic phn phi cc file c kch thc ln.
115
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 5.7. Gi in thoi vi Ekiga Softphone y l mt ng dng nhn gi in thoi qua giao thc VoIP hon ton min ph. C th s dng nhn gi vi my tnh khc trc tip hoc kt ni qua h thng server VoIP min ph ca Ekiga. 6. Tr chi Trong qu trnh ci Ubuntu c mt s phn mm tr chi c ci t sn cng Ubuntu. Mt s tr chi tng t cc tr chi c sn trong Windows. Phn khm ph cc tr chi hon ton bn c th t tm hiu v cc tr chi u kh n gin. Ngoi ra, c rt nhiu tr chi khc c cng ng Ubuntu pht trin, bn c th b sung thng qua trnh qun l ci t Add/Remove. 7. B ng dng vn phng OpenOffice.org Trn Windows, cc bn vn thng dng b ng dng vn phng l: Microsoft Office, cn trn Ubuntu cng c b ng dng vn phng tng t nh vy c tch hp sn khi ci Ubuntu, chnh l OpenOffice.org 2.4. Phin bn ny bao gm: trnh son tho vn bn OpenOffice.org Writer, bng tnh in t OpenOffice.org Calc, trnh din hi tho OpenOffice.org Impress.
116
Hnh 6.22: OpenOffice.org Writer
OpenOffice.org Writer: y l trnh son tho vn bn. Phn ln chc nng trn Writer u ging cc thao tc trn b son tho vn bn ca Microsoft Word, ch c vi chc nng hi khc nh trn th, iu chnh trang... bn c th lm quen vi Writer vi thi gian ngn. Writer h tr hu ht cc dng tp tin vn bn c nh dng ph bin nh DOC, RTF... OpenOffice.org Calc : y l trnh xy dng bng tnh ging nh trnh Microsoft Excel. Calc c th m v lu c cc tp tin c nh dng bng tnh tng t khc...(xls, .xlt,...), ai quen s dng Excel cng rt d lm quen vi Calc v giao din, cng thc, cch dng cng tng t nh vy. Cc thao tc v v hiu chnh biu biu din s liu cng kh n gin, d dng
117
Hnh 6.23: OpenOffice.org Calc
OpenOffice.org Impress : y l trnh to trang trnh chiu ging nh trnh Microsoft PowerPoint. S dng Impress cng kh d dng vi giao din n gin, d s dng.
Hnh 6.24: OpenOffice.org Impress
118
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Nng cp OpenOffice.org Bn hy m trnh duyt Firefox, truy cp vo a ch sau: http://download.openoffice.org/ Bm tip vo mc Download OpenOffice.org Trong ny c cc phin bn mi nht dnh cho cc h iu hnh, vi nhiu ngn ng. y c 2 phin bn ta cn quan tm l phin bn ting Anh (English) v phin bn ting Vit (Vietnamese). download bn nhn nt ch Download ct Linux DEB dnh cho Ubuntu tng ng vi phin bn . Lu : m bo cho vic nng cp OpenOffice.org khng b li, bn nn g b phin bn OpenOffice.org c ( y l phin bn 2.4 c ci t km theo Ubuntu) bng trnh qun l gi Synaptic Package Manager. Trong Synaptic, bn nhn nt <<Search>> trong phn Installed cc gi c t kha OpenOffice.org, bm chut phi vo gi openoffice.org-core chn Mark for Removal, mt cnh bo v vic s g b cc gi ph thuc, nhn nt <<Mark>>, sau nhn nt <<Apply>>. Mt thng bo xc nhn hin ra v vic g b, bn nhn nt <<Apply>> thc hin vic g b. Kt thc qu trnh g b, nhn nt <<Close>>. Sau dng trnh qun l ci t Add/Remove b sung thm phn mm Sun Java Runtime. Tin hnh ci t: Tp tin bn ti v l tp tin c nn li dng .tar.gz. Bm chut phi vo tp chn Extract here. Qu trnh gii nn kt thc, bn m ca s dng lnh Terminal, nhp lnh sau: Sudo i Nhp mt khu qun tr ri Enter. S dng lnh cd chuyn n th mc DEBS bn trong th mc bn va gii nn, sau dng lnh sau ci t cc gi ci t cn thit ca OpenOffice.org 3.0: dpkg -i --force-overwrite *.deb 119
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Dng tip lnh ci t ci t trnh n: dpkg -i --force-overwrite ./desktop-integration/*.deb Sau khi ci t xong OpenOffice.org, bn khi ng mt ng dng bt k trong gi OpenOffice.org th nhn c mt hp thoi Welcome to OpenOffice.org khai bo thng tin ban u khi khi ng OpenOffice.org ln u tin
Hnh 6.25: Hp thoi cho mng ca OpenOffice.org
Nhn nt <<Next>>, ri nhp tn ca bn vo ri nhn nt <<Next>>, phn tip theo l mc t ng kim tra phin bn mi ca OpenOffice.org, bn c th b du check nu khng mun ri nhn nt <<Next>>. Trong mc tip theo, chn I do not want to register ri nhn nt <<Finish>>.
120
CHNG 07: CHIA S TI NGUYN

Sau khi hon thnh chng ny, bn c th nm c: Chia s ti nguyn vi cc my Linux khc Chia s ti nguyn vi cc my Windows 1. Chia s ti nguyn vi cc my Linux Vic chia s cc ti nguyn gia cc my cng h iu hnh Linux u rt n gin, c khi cn n gin hn c dng trn Windows. 1.1. Truy xut ti nguyn kt ni vi my tnh khc, bn lm nh sau: 1. Nhn nt phn Place, bm tip vo phn Mng (Network) 2. H thng s t ng tm kim cc mng trong cng h thng. Bn nhn nt mt mng tng ng. 3. Mt danh sch cc my tnh trong mng s hin ra, bn c th truy cp vo cc th mc chia s trn cc my tnh khc hoc nh trc tip ti nguyn chia s ca my trn thanh a ch. Nu cn thit, bn phi nhp Username/Password truy cp. 1.2. Chia s ti nguyn chia s mt th mc trn Ubuntu, cc bn thc hin nh sau: 1. Kch chut phi ln th mc bn nh chia s, chn Sharing Options. Trong hp thoi Forder Sharing (Chia s th mc), bn nh du vo mc Share this forder, mt cnh bo s xut hin v vic dch v chia s ti nguyn cha c ci t. Bn nhn nt Install ci t dch v ny. Qu trnh ci t s din ra ging nh bn ci mt ng dng thng qua trnh qun l ci t
121
Hnh 7.1: Chia s th mc
2. Ti mc Sharing name (Tn chia s), bn c th thay i tn ca th mc chia s hoc nguyn. 3. Nu bn mun cho th mc ny c th ngi dng t cc my khc c quyn ghi, hiu chnh cc file trong th mc ny, bn nh du vo Allow other people to write in this folder. 4. nh du vo mc Guest access cc my khc khi truy cp vo khng c ti khon trn h thng Ubuntu cng c th vo c. 5. Nhn nt Create Share (To chia s) thc hin chia s th mc ny. 6. Mt thng bo yu cu v vic phi cp quyn chia s, bn chn Add the permission automatically (Cp quyn t ng) 2. Chia s ti nguyn vi cc my Windows y l dch v chia s ti nguyn ph bin c s dng trong th gii Linux vi cc h iu hnh khc nhau (Windows, MAC OS...). Dch v ny mc nh cha c ci t, s dng bn cn phi ci t ng 122
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu dng Samba thng qua trnh qun l ci t ng dng. Sau khi ci t, trong trnh n Administration (Qun l) s xut hin thm mc Samba. Vic truy xut ti nguyn cng tng t nh truy xut ti nguyn vi cc my Linux.
Hnh 7.2: Chia s ti nguyn bng Samba
chia s, bn nhn nt nt Add Share, chn th mc bn nh chia s, nu mun cho ngi khc c th thay i ni dung trong th mc chia s th nh du vo Writable, nu bn khng mun ngi khc nhn th mc chia s ny, m ch c bn bit th nh du vo Visible. Ngoi ra, bn c th t quyn hn cho cc ti khon trong th Access (Truy cp) ri bm Accept (ng ) thc hin vic chia s th mc. truy cp vo ti nguyn c chia s bng dch v SMB t my Ubuntu khc, bn nh a ch nh sau: smb://tn-my-chia-s/tn-chia-s
123
CHNG 08: CC PHN MM B TR

Sau khi hon thnh chng ny, bn c th nm c: T in StarDict Phn mm dit virus Chy cc phn mm Windows trn Ubuntu 1. T in StarDict T in StarDict l mt cng c gip bn tra cu t, h tr nhiu ngn ng, c th ci t a nn, ci t n gin v d s dng. Bn c th b sung nhiu loi t in vo StarDict tra cu c d dng. 1.1. Ci t StarDict Bn c th ci t StarDict thng qua trnh qun l ng dng.
1.2. B sung t in vo StarDict Sau khi qu trnh ci t hon tt, s dng, t menu Application (ng dng), vo mc Accessories (B tr), chn StarDict. Lc ny StarDict mi ch ci t s dng, ta phi b sung thm d liu vo trong StarDict. Ta lm nh sau: M trnh duyt Firefox, vo a http://stardict.sourceforge.net/Dictionaries_misc.php ch sau:
Nhn nt mc tarball tng ng ca t in download file t in v.
125
Hnh 8.1: Ti b ci b sung t in
Sau khi Download v, cc bn lm nh sau ci t M Terminal (Ca s dng lnh) Nhp vo: sudo nautilus Nhp mt khu qun tr vo B duyt tp tin Nautilus hin ra, di chuyn n th mc bn va download file t in xung (thng nm \home\tn ngi dng\Download Bm chut phi vo file t in chn Extract here (Gii nn ti y) Bm chut phi vo th mc va c gii nn ra, chn Copy (Sao chp) Di chuyn n th mc \usr\sahre\stardict\dic, bm chut chn Paste (Dn). Vic thm t in cho StarDict xong, bn c th s dng StarDict tra cu (theo t in bn va thm vo).
126
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu Cc t in cho ngn ng khc bn c th download ti y: http://stardict.sourceforge.net/Dictionaries_misc.php Hin nay StarDict rt nhiu b t in, cc bn mun dng b t in no th thc hin download v ri ci t nh trn l c th s dng c: Anh/Vit, Vit/Anh, Php/Vit, Vit/Php, Nga/Vit, Vit/Vit, Anh Anh, c/Vit, Vit/c, Nauy/Vit... 1.3. S dng t in StarDict M StarDict t menu Application (ng dng), vo Accessories (B tr) Trong t in c mt nh cc t cn tra cu vo, ri bm Enter, thng tin tra cu s hin ra bn phi bn di. Ngoi ra, t in c mt s ty chn nh: - Scan (Qut): t ng tra cu khi chn mt t bt k trn mn hnh - Exit (Thot): thot khi StarDict - Text translate (Dch ton vn bn): dch mt on vn bn ra ngn ng khc - Manager dictionaries (Qun l t in): qun l cc t in b sung - Pronounce the word (Pht m): pht m t tra cu 2. Phn mm dit virus Nhiu ngi ni rng khng cn thit phi ci phn mm chng virus trong h iu hnh Ubuntu v h cho rng Ubuntu hu nh khng b nhim virus. Nhng iu l khng ng, virus khng b qua cho bt c h iu hnh no, ch c khc chng l s lng virus nhim vo h iu hnh Linux c mc t hn nhiu so vi h iu hnh Windows. Chnh v vy, tt nht ta cng nn ci t mt phn mm chng virus. Hin nay cc hng bo mt cng quan tm n vic chng virus trn h iu hnh Linux nn cc phn mm chng virus ca h c vit trn Linux (tc l Ubuntu) nn cc sn phm chng virus cng rt a dng. Nhng tit kim, ta c mt la chn tt nht t th gii m ngun m: 127
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu chnh l trnh chng virus c tn ClamAV. Phn mm ny kh mnh v an ton cho h iu hnh Ubuntu, n c thit k xy dng dnh cho ngi dng my trm (my phc v). C s d liu ca n cng c cp nht thng xuyn i ph vi cc chng virus mi nn cc bn c th hon ton yn tm khng b nhim virus na. Vi giao din ha nh gn v thn thin ngi dng, phn mm ny rt d s dng. 2.1. Ci t ClamAV ci t ClamAV, cc bn cng ci thng qua trnh qun l ci t. 2.2. S dng ClamAV khi ng ClamAV, bn vo trnh n Application (ng dng) vo tip System tools (Cng c h thng), chn Virus Scanner. Sau khi ci t, ClamAV cn cp nht c s d liu v virus t Internet. Cc bn lm nh sau cp nht c s d liu. Tt ClamAV Khi ng ClamAV bng ti khon qun tr. M Terminal, nh vo: $ sudo clamtk Trnh dit virus hin ra, bn vo mc Help chn Update Signature cp nht c s d liu. Ngoi ra c mt s nt bm qut virus mt tp tin, hoc mt th mc hoc c h thng. Thng tin v qu trnh qut s hin ra phn gia.
128
Hnh 8.2: Trnh dit virus ClamAV
3. Chy cc phn mm Windows trn Ubuntu Trn Ubuntu mc d c rt nhiu phn mm c vit cho h iu hnh ny nhng c rt nhiu phn mm m ch c trn Windows, vy lm th no s dng c nhng phn mm ny trn Ubuntu. C mt s cch lm c iu nh chy trc tip trn Ubuntu (Wine), ci trn my o (VMWare).... 3.1. Gii thiu v Wine Wine l mt phn mm chy trn h iu hnh Linux ni chung. Mc ch l s dng n ci cc chung trnh chy trn Windows. C mt s phn mm c pht trin thm da trn Wine nh CrossOver Linux, CEDERA. Wine l d n u tin thc hin vic ny. Wine c nhiu bn ang c pht trin, kim tra v d dng nhn ra. Mc d ch l phin bn ang pht trin di dng beta nhng c hng ngn ngui s dng
129
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu v v thu ht mt s lng ln ngi s dng chy cc phn mm Windows. CrossOver Linux l mt sn phm ca CodeWeavers m nn tng t Wine. Khng ging nh Wine ra hng tun, CrossOver c kim tra mt cch k lng t CodeWeavers. CodeWeavers thu lng ln nh pht trin ca Wine v c nhng ch d n bn Wine l nhn vin cao cp trong CodeWeavers. Tt c nhng tin b ca Wine thc t cui cng c tch hp vo CrossOver. Cedega l sn phm ca TransGaming. TransGaming c tch ra khi Wine vo nm 2002 khi Wine c s khc nhau v quan nim bn quyn, ng cc loi m v cui cng l phng hng pht trin c bit l game. VMWare Server l mt phn mm gi lp mt mi trng my tnh o s dng nh mt my tnh thc c y cu hnh. Bn c th ci t t VMWare server ci nhiu my tnh o trn mt my tnh thc v s dng nh mt my tnh tch bit. Mi my tnh o khi hot ng u i hi ti nguyn (ch yu l RAM v khng gian cng) nh mt my tnh tht nn nu bn to ra nhiu my o th cu hnh my thc ca bn phi p ng cu hnh. Cch ci t VMWare kh phc tp nn ch gii thiu y. Cc bn c th tm hiu su hn y: http://www.vmware.com/products/server/ 3.2. Ci t Wine trong Ubuntu Bn c th ci Wine thng qua trnh qun l ci t Add/Remove hoc Synaptic. 3.3. S dng Wine M Terminal, nh dng lnh tng t nh sau: $ wine "appname.exe" Trong appname.exe l a ch n tp tin phn mm Windows. l mt phn mm ci t th n t chy v hin ra file setup. C 130
Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu khng t trng hp file l ui .msi th bn vn c th chy c bng lnh sau (ch : phi c file msiexec.exe sn trong h thng) wine msiexec /i whatever.msi Mt s phn mm khng chy vi Wine th gii quyt th no? Thng th chuyn ny khng xy ra bi Wine c thit k chy mt s lng ln phn mm ph bin nhng cng c lc khng chy c. u tin bn xem phn mm ca mnh chy tt trn mi trng no. Wine c thit k chy phn mm Windows 2000 nhng cng c khi phn mm bn chy tt trong Windows 98. T Ubuntu 7.10 tr v sau, phn mm Windows sau khi ci t s t ng to ra shortcut bn chy. Ngoi ra, bn c th tham kho thm danh sch nhng phn mm c kim th thnh cng ti: http://appdb.winehq.org/
131
THNG TIN THAM KHO

Di y l cc a ch bn c th tm hiu thm thng tin v Ubuntu v cc phn mm b sung cho Ubuntu. Nu c thc mc, cc bn c th tham gia ng k thnh vin trong din n ri gi thc mc ca mnh ln. S c nhiu ngi c kinh nghim s dng Ubuntu v Linux tr li vn ca bn. Chc cc bn s dng Ubuntu thnh tho. http://www.ubuntu.com/ Trang ch chnh ca cng ng Ubuntu quc t http://www.ubuntu-vn.org/ Trang ch ca cng ng Ubuntu Vit Nam http://www.openoffice.org/ Trang ch chnh ca OpenOffice.org http://forum.ubuntu-vn.org/ Din n ca cng ng Ubuntu Vit Nam http://www.vnlinux.org/ Din n ca cng ng Linux Vit Nam http://www.diendanlinux.org/ Din n v Linux
133

SD02 Ubuntu 20090703

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SD02 Ubuntu 20090703

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Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

CHNG 01: TNG QUAN V UBUNTU

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

CHNG 02: CI T H IU HNH UBUNTU

Hnh 2.1: Trang Web ti b ci Ubuntu

Hnh 2.2: La chn ngn ng ci t

Hnh 2.3: Chn ch ci t

3. V by gi ta hon ton c th dng Ubuntu.

Hnh 2.4: Giao din Ubuntu dng th

Hnh 2.5: Chn ch ci Ubuntu trong Windows

Hnh 2.6: To ti khon ci t Ubuntu

Hnh 2.7: Ubuntu kim tra a CD

Hnh 2.8: Ubuntu chun b b ci vo my

Hnh 2.9: Khi ng li

6. Sau khi khi ng li vo mn hnh Boot bn chn Ubuntu.

Hnh 2.10: Mn hnh chn h iu hnh

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

Hnh 2.11: Ubuntu ang khi ng

7. Khi Boot vo c ri mi vic ci t gn nh l t ng

Hnh 2.12: Ubuntu ang ci t

Hnh 2.13: La chn ngn ng ci t

2. Sau l mn hnh chn la cc ch ci t Ubuntu, chn Install Ubuntu.

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

Hnh 2.14: La chn ch ci t

3. Mn hnh Welcome xut hin, nhn nt <<Forward>>.

Hnh 2.15: Cho mng

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

Hnh 2.16: La chn kiu bn phm

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

Hnh 2.17: Phn vng a cng

Hnh 2.18: t tn ngi dng qun tr

Hnh 2.19: Kim tra thng tin trc khi ci t

Hnh 2.20: Chn la khi ng h iu hnh

9. La chn h iu hnh cn khi ng ri nhn phm Enter.

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

CHNG 03: CU TRC H THNG

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

Hnh 3.1: Mn hnh lm vic Desktop

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

CHNG 04: QUN L UBUNTU

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

Hnh 4.1: Ci t bng Add/Remove

Hnh 4.2: Trnh qun l gi Synaptic

Hnh 4.3: Nng cp phin bn h iu hnh

4. Nhn nt <<Upgrade>> nng cp h iu hnh ln phin bn mi.

Hnh 4.4: Xc nhn nng cp h iu hnh

6. Nhp mt khu qun tr vo v qu trnh nng cp h iu hnh

7. Kt thc qu trnh nng cp h iu hnh, bn khi ng li my.

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

Hnh 4.5: Trnh qun l File Browser

Hnh 4.6: Trnh qun l File Browser

Hnh 4.7: Trnh qun l File Browser

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

Hnh 4.8: Trnh qun l File Browser

Hnh 4.9: Trnh qun l File Browser

Hnh 4.10: Trnh qun l File Browser

Hnh 4.11: Kch hot b g Scim

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu

Hnh 4.12: Thit lp b g Scim

Hng dn s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu