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g u n g s a n s a tz e e n tw ic k e lt w u rd e n . M e th o d e : 2 9 d e u ts c h e p s y c h i- a tris c h e F a c h z e its c h rifte n w u rd e n fU r d e n g e s a m te n Z e itra u m v o n 1 9 0 0 b is 2 0 0 0 d u rc h g e s e h e n u n d d ie B e itra g e z u d e n o .g . F ra g e n a u s g e w e rte t. M o n o g ra fie n w u rd e n e b e n fa lls b e riic k s ic h - tig t. E rg e b n is s e : In te g ra tiv e M a 8 n a h m e n d e r B e re ic h e W o h n e n u n d A rb e it s in d b is in d ie 2 . H a lfte d e s ja h rh u n d e rts

h in e in v o r a lle m a u s d e r A n s ta lts p s y c h ia trie h e ra u s u n d o h n e d a s Z ie l e in e r v o lls ta n d ig e n s o z ia le n In te g ra tio n e n tw ic k e lt w o rd e n . In d e m a k tiv is tis c h e n K o n z e p td e r N S -P s y c h ia triew u rd e A rb e it z u e in e r P a tie n te n p flic h t u n d fu n g ie rte a ls e in S e le k tio n s k rite riu m , d a s iib e r L e b e n o d e rT o d d e r P a tie n te n e n ts c h ie d . E rs t s e it d e n s p a te n 5 0 e r ja h re n k a n n in d e r P s y c h ia trie in b e id e n d e u ts c h e n S ta a te n w ie d e ru m e in e O rie n tie ru n g a u f in te g ra tiv e B e h a n d lu n g fe s tg e -

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n a le n V a ria tio n e n - v ie lfa ltig e g e s c h iitz te W o h n - u n d A rb e its a n - g e b o te e n tw ic k e lt, o h n e d a s s e s e in e e in d e u tig e D is k u s s io n d e r Z ie le o d e r s tru k tu re lle n

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m onographs w ere searched for papers on the above issues.R esults: U ntilthe se- c o n d h a lf o f th e c e n tu ry , in te g ra tiv e in itia tiv e s re la te d to h o u s in g a n d w o rk g e n e ra te d in a s y lu m s w ith o u t th e a im o f a fu ll s o c ia l in te g ra tio n o f th e p a tie n ts . In th e a c tiv is tic c o n c e p t o f N S -p s y - c h ia try , w o rk b e c a m e a n o b lig a tio n fo r p a tie n ts a n d a c rite rio n

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s tru c tu re o f m e n ta l h e a lth c a re w a s n o t fo u n d in th e p s y c h ia tric lite ra tu re . C o n c lu s io n s : In th e 2 0 th c e n tu ry a tra d itio n o f p s y - c h ia tric id e a s re la te d to h o u s in g a n d w o rk d id n o t d e v e lo p in G e rm a n y . P a rtic u la rly , th e re w e re o n ly s p o ra d ic c o n trib u tio n s fro m

d e m H in te rg ru n d v o n W o h n e n u n d A rb e it n ic h t e n tw ic k e lt. In s - b e s o n d e re v o n d e r u n iv e rs ita re n P s y c h ia trie s in d a lle n fa lls p u n k - tuell Im pulse ausgegangen.Insgesam tw urde A rbeithaufiger ex- p liz it th e m a tis ie rt a ls W o h n e n , u n d b e id e B e re ic h e h a b e n s ic h z w a r s e h r d is k o n tin u ie rlic h , a b e r d o c h a llm a h lic h a ls K rite rie n

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m e n h a n g e fU r d ie v o rg e s c h la g e n e in te g ra tiv e M a B n a h m e , a ls o e tw a d e r o k o n o m is c h e N u tz e n , d e r th e ra p e u tis c h e E ffe k t, d ie (m enschen-)rechtlichen Fragenu.a. Z u bem erken ist,dass insbe- sondere der B ereich "W ohnung" in den zeitgenossischen D ar- s te llu n g e n v e rs c h ie d e n e r P ra x is m o d e lle n ic h t im m e r e x p liz it E r- w a h n u n g fin d e t, je d o c h d ie W o h n s itu a tio n d e r P a tie n te n fU rje - d e s a m b u la n te o d e r te ils ta tio n a re B e h a n d lu n g s a n g e b o t n a tiir- lic h im m e r a u c h v o n R e le v a n z is t. W o h n e n is t a ls o w e n ig e r k o n - k re t z u fa s s e n a ls e tw a d e r in te g ra tiv w irk e n d e F a k to r A rb e it o d e r B e s c h a ftig u n g .K o m p le x e P ra x is m o d e lle-etw a die "offene F iirs o rg e " d e r 2 0 e r ja h re- m iis s e n d e s h a lb in d ie B e tra c h tu n g e in b e z o g e n w e rd e n [1 1 ].D a s s ic h h in te r d e m B e g riff" o ffe n e F iir- sorge" verbergende M aB nahm enbiindel fU r psychisch K ranke w u rd e s e it M itte d e r 2 0 e r ja h re in s e in e n u n te rs c h ie d lic h e n A u s - p ra g u n g e n (G e ls e n k irc h e n e r b z w . E rla n g e n e r M o d e ll) in te n s iv d is k u tie rt [1 2 ]. D ie h in s ic h tlic h e in e r In te g ra tio n w irk s a m e V a - ria n te , d ie " n a c h g e h e n d e o ffe n e F iirs o rg e " ,is t in d e n k o n k re te n M aB nahm en und A usw irkungen allerdings nicht im m er fassbar.

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