Bo co n xy dng ng dng h phn tn

Chun H323 v VOIP

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MC LC
MC LC ...........................................................................................................................1
DANH MC HNH V.......................................................................................................3
LI GII THIU ................................................................................................................4
CHNG I : TM HIU CHUNG V H323 V CC GIAO THC
H323.....................................................................................................................................5
1.Gii thiu chun H323 v cc u im chun H323....................................................5
2.Quy nh cu trc cc thnh phn v cc thit b vt l trong chun H323 .............6
2.1. Terminal ........................................................................................................................6
2.2 Gateway .........................................................................................................................6
2.3 Gatekeeper .....................................................................................................................9
2.4 MCU (Multipoint Control Unit) ..................................................................................10
3. Cc chun m ha v gi m d liu trong H323 .....................................................11
3.1 Chun CODEC tn hiu audio......................................................................................11
3.2 Chun CODEC tn hiu video......................................................................................11
4. Cc giao giao thc c s dng trong H323 ...........................................................12
4.1 Cc giao thc lin quan n iu khin v bo hiu....................................................12
4.1.1 Giao thc H225 RAS ( Registration/Admission/Status) ..........................................12
4.1.2 Giao thc bo hiu cuc gi H225 ...........................................................................14
4.1.3 Giao thc iu khin cuc gi H245 ........................................................................14
4.2 Cc giao thc vn chuyn dng a phng tin ..........................................................15
4.2.1 Giao thc RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) ........................................................15
4.2.2 Giao thc RTCP (Real-time Transport Control Protocol) ........................................17
5. Cc th tc thc hin, iu khin v qun l cuc gi trong mang H323 ..............17
5.1 Cc th tc thc hin trn knh H225 RAS .................................................................17
5.1.1 Th tc tm gatekeeper..............................................................................................17
5.1.2 Th tc ng k gatekeeper ......................................................................................18
5.1.3 Th tc nh v im cui .........................................................................................19
5.1.4 Cc th tc khc ........................................................................................................20
5.2 Cc th tc thit lp cuc gi gia 2 im cui qua mng H323 ................................20
5.2.1 nh tuyn iu khin ...............................................................................................20
5.2.2 nh tuyn bo hiu ..................................................................................................21
5.2.3 Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi .......................................................................................21
CHNG II : TM HIU MI TRNG LP TRNH OPENH323 .............................23
1.Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................23
2.Cu trc c th ca cc lp ..........................................................................................23
3. Hng dn c th v H323 v xy dng ng dng H323.............................................24
CHNG III: TM HIU GIAO THC TRUYN M THANH CA YAHOO VOICE
, SKYPE, IN THOI 171 ................................................................................................24
1. Dch v Yahoo voice.........................................................................................................24
2. Skype .................................................................................................................................25
3.in thoi 171 Vit Nam .................................................................................................25
CHNG IV:XY DNG CHNG TRNH THOI 2 MY S DNG TH VIN
OPENH323 ............................................................................................................................26
1.M t chng trnh v cc giao din lin quan ..............................................................26
____________________________________________________________________
Nguyn Mnh Hng Lp MTT K48

Bo co n xy dng ng dng h phn tn

Chun H323 v VOIP
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2. Lp trnh chng trnh ...................................................................................................26
3. nh gi kt qu t c ..............................................................................................28

LI KT ............................................................................................................29
TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................30

____________________________________________________________________
Nguyn Mnh Hng Lp MTT K48

Bo co n xy dng ng dng h phn tn

Chun H323 v VOIP
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DANH MC HNH V

Hnh 1.1 M hnh mng theo chun H323 ....................................................................................... 6

Hnh 1.2: Cc thnh phn Terminal ................................................................................................. 7
Hnh 1.3: Thnh phn Gateway ........................................................................................................ 8
Hnh 1.4: Ni dung ca Gateway ..................................................................................................... 9
Hnh 1.5: Kt hp gia u cui (terminal), gatekeeper, gateway ................................................. 10
Hnh 1.6: Bng so snh cc chun CODEC ................................................................................... 11
Hnh 1.7: Cc giao thc s dng trong H323 ................................................................................. 12
Hnh 1.8:T ng tm gatekeeper ................................................................................................... 17
Hnh 1.9: Th tc ng k vi gatekeeper ..................................................................................... 19
Hnh 1.10: Th tc ng k vi gatekeeper ................................................................................... 19
Hnh 1.11: Cc knh logic trong mt cuc gi ............................................................................... 20
Hnh 1.12: Thit lp knh iu khin H.245 trc tip gia cc Endpoint ...................................... 21
Hnh 1.13: Gatekeeper nh tuyn knh iu khin H.245 ............................................................ 21
Hnh 1.14: Gatekeeper tm ng bo hiu cuc gi ..................................................................... 22
Hnh 1.15: Bo hiu cuc gi trc tip gia cc Endpoint............................................................. 22
Hnh 4.1: Giao din chng trnh voice PC to PC(lng nghe) ....................................................... 26
Hnh 4.2: Giao din chng trnh voice PC to PC (gi) ............................................................... 26

____________________________________________________________________
Nguyn Mnh Hng Lp MTT K48

Bo co n xy dng ng dng h phn tn

Chun H323 v VOIP
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LI GII THIU
Trong nhng nm gn y, s tng trng ca cng ngh thng tin ni chung v
mng Internet ni ring a ti cho tt c mi ngi trn ton cu rt nhiu dch v
phong ph v tin li. Trong phm vi n ny s cp ti mt trong cc dch v ph
bin l VOIP. Vy VOIP l g? VOIP l vit tt ca Voice over IP, dch v cho php
thc hin nhng cuc m thoi ging nh in thoi truyn thng nhng trn mi
trng mng IP vi chi ph nh hn rt nhiu so vi in thoi truyn thng. Nh chng
ta bit m hnh in thoi truyn thng c thc hin trn mng chuyn mch knh
vi c im l thi gian thc tn ti t lu, cn m hnh mng my tnh s dng cng
ngh chuyn mch gi, vi giao thc IP. u im ca mng Internet cng vi xu hng
a dng ha dch v i hi chng ta phi gii quyt rt nhiu cc dch v khc nhau trn
cng mt c s h tng, ch c mng internet mi thc hin c vic a dng ha dch
v. V vy cc nh pht trin vin thng khng ngng nghin cu cc gii php mi
c tnh kh thi v t c rt nhiu thnh tu ng dng trong thc t. Vi k thut mi
dch v m thoi i hi kht khe yu cu thi gian thc trc y ch thc hin c
trn mng chuyn mach knh nay c thc hin trong mng chuyn mch gi IP.
Nh vy Voice over IP (vit tt VOIP) ra i vi u im gi thnh. Song song vi s ra
i ca VOIP l cc gii php cng ngh truyn thoi tha mn nhu cu cht lng cng
nh chi ph khc nhau ca ngi s dng. ti tp trung trnh by chun H323 v y l
mt gii php hiu qu tha mn yu cu v trin khai rng ri trong khong chc
nm trc y.
Ni dung ca ti nh sau:
+L thuyt: Tm hiu chun khuyn ngh H323 v cc c im giao thc H323.
Tm hiu mi trng lp trnh OpenH323. Tm hiu giao thc truyn m thanh trong mt
s cng c hin c.
+Thc hnh: Lp trnh ng dng VOIP theo m hnh PC to PC s dng th vin
OpenH323, kho st v gii thch kt qu thc nghim lp trnh v so sanh vi cc
cng c khc.

____________________________________________________________________
Nguyn Mnh Hng Lp MTT K48

Bo co n xy dng ng dng h phn tn

Chun H323 v VOIP
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CHNG I : TM HIU CHUNG V H323 V CC GIAO THC H323

1.Gii thiu chun H323 v cc u im chun H323
H323 l mt chun quc t v hi thoi trn mng c a ra bi hip hi vin
thng quc t ITU (International Telecommunication Union). Chun H323 ca ITU xc nh cc
thnh phn, cc giao thc, cc th tc cho php cung cp dch v truyn d liu a phng tin
(multimedia) audio, video, data thi gian thc qua mng chuyn mch gi (bao gm c
mng IP) m khng quan tm n cht lng dch v. H323 nm trong b cc khuyn ngh H32x
cung cp cc dch v truyn d liu a phng tin qua cc loi mng khc nhau. Mt trong cc
ng dng ca H323 chnh l dch v in thoi IP v hi ngh a truyn thng. n nay, H323
pht trin thng qua hai phin bn. Phin bn th nht c thng qua vo nm 1996 v phin
bn th hai c thng qua vo nm 1998. ng dng vo chun ny rt rng bao gm c cc thit
b hot ng c lp cng nh ng dng truyn thng nhng trong mi trng my tnh c nhn,
c th p dng cho m thoi im - im cng nh cho truyn thng hi ngh. H323 cn bao
gm c chc nng iu khin cuc gi, qun l thng tin a phng tin v qun l bng thng v
ng thi cn cung cp giao din gia mng LAN v cc mng khc.
* Cc u im ca chun H323:
+Cung cp cc b m ho c chun ho: H.323 thit lp cc chun nn v gii nn
cho cc lung d liu audio v video, bo m cho cc thit b t cc nh cung cp khc nhau c
s h tr chung.
+Tnh tng thch cao: Ngi s dng c th trao i d liu m khng phi lo lng v
tnh tng thch bn nhn. Bn cnh vic m bo bn nhn c th gii nn thng tin
nhn c, H.323 cn thit lp nhng kh nng cho php bn nhn c th trao i kh nng i
vi bn gi.
+ c lp h thng mng: H.323 c thit k chy tng trn ca kin trc mng.
Nhng gii php c bn ca H.323 cho php tn dng c nhng ci tin v k thut mng v s
pht trin bng thng.
+ c lp vi ng dng v h iu hnh: H.322 khng b rng buc vi phn cng hay h
iu hnh.
+ H tr a im: Tuy H.323 c th qun l c nhng cuc hi ngh c nhiu kt ni
m khng cn s dng thm mt trnh iu khin a im chuyn dng no, nhng vic s dng
MCU (Multipoint Control Unit trnh iu khin a im) s cung cp mt kin trc mnh v
linh hot hn cho hi ngh kiu nhiu kt ni.
+Qun l bng thng: Vic truyn cc d liu truyn thng a phng tin i hi bng
thng rt ln v c th lm nghn mch. gii quyt vn ny, H.323 a ra trnh
qun l bng thng. Nhn vin qun tr mng c th gii hn s kt ni H.323 hay gii hn bng
thng cho cc ng dng s dng H.323. iu ny m bo cho s lu thng trn mng khng b
tt nghn.
+ H tr kh nng qun b thng tin: Gip cho vic s dng bng thng hiu qu hn.
+ Linh hot: Mt hi ngh s dng chun H.323 c kh nng tip nhn cc thit b u
cui khc nhau. V du: mt terminal ch h tr kh nng truyn v nhn m thanh c th tham gia
hi ngh vi cc my h tr kh nng truyn d liu v hnh nh. My s dng chun H.323 c th
chia s d liu, m thanh, hnh nh vi cc my khc.
+Kh nng hi ngh lin mng: Nhiu ngi dng mun kt ni t mng LAN n mt
u xa chng hn nh kt ni gia h thng LAN vi h thng ISDN. H.323 cng h tr kh nng
ny v s dng k thut m ho chung t cc chun hi ngh khc nhau gim thiu
thi gian chuyn i m v to mt hiu sut ti u cho hi ngh.
Chun H323 l chun khuyn ngh quy nh cht ch cc thit b phn cng, cc thnh
phn(thc th), cc chun m ha v gii m d liu CODEC, v cc giao thc truyn thng. C
th chng nh sau:

____________________________________________________________________
Nguyn Mnh Hng Lp MTT K48

Bo co n xy dng ng dng h phn tn

Chun H323 v VOIP
_______________________________________________________________________
2.Quy nh cu trc cc thnh phn v cc thit b vt l trong chun H323
Chun H323 l chun khuyn ngh quy nh cc thnh phn chnh nh sau vi 4 thnh
phn: Terminal, Gateway, Gatekeeper, MCU vi cu trc nh sau:

Hnh 1.1 M hnh mng theo chun H323

Trong c a ra cc thnh phn phn cng tng ng vi mi thnh phn nh sau:
+Terminal:
+Gateway:
+Gatekeeper:
+MCU:
Sau y l c im kin trc yu cu ca tng thnh phn:

2.1. Terminal:
H323 Terminal l mt thit b u cui trong mng LAN c kh nng truyn thng hai
chiu theo thi gian thc. N c th l mt my PC hoc mt thit b c lp. Tt c cc u cui
H323 u phi c h tr kh nng truyn d liu audio hai chiu, cn d liu v video l la
chn. H323 ch ra nhng cch thc cho nhng hot ng m cn audio, video, d liu lm vic
chung vi nhau c. N m ra mt th h mi cho s dng in thoi internet, hi ngh truyn
thng. Cc thit b u cui H323 phi h tr chun H245 c dng iu tit cc knh
truyn d liu, v kh nng ca thit b. Ngoi ra n phi c h tr cc thnh phn sau:
+Giao thc bo hiu H225 phc v trong qu trnh thit lp v hu b cuc gi.
+ Giao thc H225 RAS (Registration/Admision/Status) thc hin cc chc nng ng k,
thu nhn... vi gatekeeper.
+Giao thc Q.931 dng cho bo hiu v thit lp cuc gi.
+Giao thc RTP/RCTP truyn v kt hp cc gi tin audio,video... Mt u cui H323
cng c th c trang b thm cctnh nng nh:
+M ho v gii m cc tn hiu audio, video.
+H tr giao thc T120 phc v cho vic trao i thng tin s liu (data).
+Tng thch vi MCU h tr cc lin kt a im

____________________________________________________________________
Nguyn Mnh Hng Lp MTT K48

Bo co n xy dng ng dng h phn tn

Chun H323 v VOIP
_______________________________________________________________________

Hnh 1.2: Cc thnh phn Terminal

2.2 Gateway:
Nhim v ca gateway l thc hin vic kt ni ga 2 mng khc nhau. H323
gateway cung cp kh nng kt ni gia 1 mng H323 v mt mng khc (khng phi H323) . V
d nh mt gateway c th kt ni v cung cp kh nng truyn tin gia mt u cui H323 v
mng chuyn mch knh (bao gm tt c cc loi mng chuyn mch in thoi chng hn
PSTN). Vic kt ni ny c thc hin nh chc nng chuyn i giao thc trong qu trnh thit
lp, gii phng cuc gi v chc nng bin i khun dng d liu gia hai mng khc nhau ca
gateway. Nh vy i vi
kt ni gia hai thit b u cui H323 th khng cn thit phi c gateway, nhng
i vi cuc gi c s tham gia ca mng chuyn mch knh th gateway l bt buc phi c.

Hnh 1.3: Thnh phn Gateway

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Nguyn Mnh Hng Lp MTT K48

Bo co n xy dng ng dng h phn tn

Chun H323 v VOIP
_______________________________________________________________________
Gateway l mt thnh phn tu chn trong hi ngh H.323, thng l cc my tnh c
nhiu giao din vi cc mng khc nhau. Gateway cung cp nhiu dch v, tng qut nht l chc
nng bin dch gia cc u cui H.323 v cc loi u cui khc. Bng nhng b chuyn m
thch hp, Gateway H.323 c th h tr nhng thit b u cui tun theo cc chun H.310,
H.321, H.322 v V.70. Chc nng ny bao gm bin dch gia nhng khun dng truyn
(H.225.0 n H.221) v gia nhng th tc truyn thng (H.245 sang H.242). Ngoi ra, Gateway
cng bin dch gia cc b m ho m thanh v hnh nh, thc hin thit lp v kt thc cuc gi
trn c u mng LAN v u mng chuyn mch in t SCN.
Gateway khi hot ng s c c im ca mt thit b u cui H.323 hoc mt MCU
trong mng LAN v c c im ca mt thit b u cui trong SCN hoc mt MCU trong SCN.
V vy ta c 4 cu hnh c s ca gateway. Mi gateway c th c t hp ca cc cu hnh c s
hoc c th gm c 4 cu hnh ny.

Hnh 1.4: Ni dung ca Gateway

2.3 Gatekeeper:
Gatekeeper l mt thnh phn quan trng trong mng H323, n c xem nh bnca
mng. Gatekeeper hot ng nh mt b chuyn mch o. Gatkeeper c cc chc nng nh nh
a ch; cho php v xc nhn cc u cui H323, cc gateway; qun l gii thng; tnh cc
cuc gi; ngoi ra n cn c th cung cp kh nng nh tuyn cuc gi. gatekeeper qun
l gii thng nh kh nng cho php hay khng cho php cc cuc gi xy ra. Khi s cuc gi
vt qua mt ngng no th n s t chi tt c cc cuc gi khc. Mc d vy, gatekeeper l
thnh phn tu chn trong mng H323 nhng n c kh nng nh tuyn cc cuc gi H323.
Bng cch ny, cc cuc gi thng qua gatekeeper c kim sot hiu qa hn. Nhng
ngi cung cp dch v cn kh nng ny c th tnh tin cuc gi. Dch v ny c th
c dng nh tuyn li mt cuc gi nu im c gi khng xc nh c. Kh
nng nh tuyn ca gatekeeper c th gip gii quyt s cn bng gia nhiu gateway.
Gatekeeper l mt thnh phn c lp vi cc thit b H323, nhng nh cung cp c th tch hp
nhng chc nng ca gatekeeper vo thnh phn ca MCU.
Mt gatekeeper khng cn thit trong mng H323, tuy nhin nu trong mng c
gatekeeper th cc thit b u cui v cc Gateway phi s dng cc th tc ca gatekeeper. Cc
chc nng ca mt gatekeeper c phn bit lm 2 loi l cc chc nng bt buc v cc chc
nng khng bt buc.
Cc chc nng bt buc ca gatekeeper :

____________________________________________________________________
Nguyn Mnh Hng Lp MTT K48

Bo co n xy dng ng dng h phn tn

Chun H323 v VOIP
_______________________________________________________________________
+Chc nng dch a ch: Gatekeeper s thc hin vic chuyn i t mt a ch hnh
thc (dng tn gi) ca cc thit b u cui v gateway sang a ch truyn dn thc trong mng
(a ch IP). Chuyn i ny da trn bng i chiu a ch c cp nht thng xuyn bng
bn tin ng k dch v ca cc u cui.
+iu khin truy nhp: Gatekeeper s chp nhn mt truy nhp mng LAN bng cch
s dng cc bn tin H.225.0 l ARQ/ACF/ARJ . Vic iu khin ny da trn rng bng tn
v ng k dch v hoc cc thng s khc do nh sn xut qui nh. y cng c th l mt th
tc rng c ngha l chp nhn mi yu cu truy nhp ca cc thit b u cui.
+iu khin rng bng tn: Gatekeeper h tr vic trao i cc bn tin H.225.0 l
BRQ/BCF/BRJ iu khin rng bng tn ca mt cuc gi. y cng c th l mt th
tc rng c ngha l n chp nhn mi yu cu v s thay i rng bng tn.
+iu khin min: Mt min l mt nhm cc u cui H323, cc gateway, MCU c
qun l bi 1 gatekeeper. Trong mt min c ti tiu mt u cui H323, mi min ch c duy
nht mt gatekeeper. Mt min hon ton c th c lp vi cu trc mng, bao gm nhiu mng
c kt ni vi nhau. Thng qua cc chc nng trn: dch a ch, iu khin truy nhp, iu
khin rng bng tn, gatekeeper cung cp kh nng qun l min.
Cc chc nng khng bt buc ca Gatekeeper :
+ iu khin bo hiu cuc gi.
+X l bo hiu cuc gi.
+Hn ch truy nhp.
+Gim st rng bng tn.
+Gim st cuc gi.

Hnh 1.5: Kt hp gia u cui (terminal), gatekeeper, gateway

2.4 MCU (Multipoint Control Unit):

MCU l mt im cui (Endpoint) trong mng, n cung cp kh nng nhiu thit b u
cui, gateway cng tham gia vo mt lin kt a im (multipoint conference). N baogm mt
MC (Multipoimt Controller) bt buc phi c v mt MP (Multipoint Process) c th c hoc
khng.
Nhim v ca MC l iu tit kh nng audio, video, data gia cc thit b u cui theo
giao thc H245. N cng iu khin cc ti nguyn ca hi thoi bng vic xc nh dng audio,
video, data no cn c gi n cc u cui. Tuy nhin, MC khng thao tc trc tip trn cc
dng d liu m nhim v ny c giao cho MP. MP s thc hin vic kt hp, chuyn i, x
l cc bt d liu.

3. Cc chun m ha v gi m d liu trong H323:

Mc ch chnh ca H323 l truyn cc tn hiu a phng tin audio, video trong cc
dch v c bn thoi, hi ngh a phng tin. i tng d liu a phng tin c nhng c
th ring v thi gian thc, tc pht, v cht lng chp nhn c i vi ngi s dng nn
chun H323 cng ging nh cc chun khc trong truyn thng a phng tin phi a ra cc
chun m ha v gii m thch hp c gi l CODEC. Cc chun ny quy nh cht ch v

____________________________________________________________________
Nguyn Mnh Hng Lp MTT K48

Bo co n xy dng ng dng h phn tn

Chun H323 v VOIP
_______________________________________________________________________
vic s ha tn hiu audio, video, cc php bin i, lng t ha, v cc phng php nn
khng mt mt thng tin.

3.1 Chun CODEC tn hiu audio:

bn pht, tn hiu Audio t microphone trc khi c truyn tip phi c m ho.
Cn bn nhn, chng phi c gii m trc khi a n speaker. CODEC l dch v ti thiu
m u cui H323 no cng phi c. V vy mt thit b u cui H323 phi c h tr ti thiu
l mt chun CODEC. Hin nay ang tn ti mt s chun m ho nh sau: G.711 (m ho
tc 64kbps); G.722 (64,56,48 kbps); G.723.1 (5.3 v 6.3 kbps); G.728 (16 kbps); G.729 (8
kbps).

Hnh 1.6: Bng so snh cc chun CODEC

Vic la chn thut ton CODEC l mt trong nhng yu t c bn nng cao cht lng
thoi Internet.

3.2 Chun CODEC tn hiu video:

Video CODEC m ho tn hiu hnh nh t camera truyn dn v gii m cc tn
hiu video nhn c ( c m ho) hin th hnh nh. Trong H323, truyn hnh nh
c th c hoc khng, v vy vic h tr video CODEC l tu chn. Tuy nhin cc u cui
cung cp kh nng lin lc hnh nh phi c h tr giao thc
m ho, gii m tn hiu video. Cc giao thc h tr l H261, H263...
M ha hnh nh l kh nng ty chn. Nu c cung cp n s theo cc yu cu
trong khuyn co ny. Mi u cui H.323 cung cp truyn thng hnh nh u phi c kh nng
m ha v gii m hnh nh theo chun QCIF H.261. Mt u cui cng c th ty chn kh
nng m ha v gii m hnh nh theo H.261 hoc H.263. Nu mt u cui h tr H.263 CIF
hoc cao hn th cng h tr H.261 CIF. Tt c u cui h tr H.263 s h tr H.263 QCIF.
Cc b m ha hnh nh khc v cc dng hnh nh khc cng c th c dng thng qua tho
thun trong H.245. Nhiu knh hnh nh c truyn v nhn qua knh iu khin H.245. Cc tu
chn v tc truyn bit nh, dng nh v gii thut truyn c th c chp nhn bi b gii m
c nh ngha trong sut thi gian trao i kh nng s dng H.245.Cc u cui H.323 c

____________________________________________________________________ 10
Nguyn Mnh Hng Lp MTT K48

Bo co n xy dng ng dng h phn tn

Chun H323 v VOIP
_______________________________________________________________________
th hot ng cc tc bit hnh nh, tc khung khng cn i v cc gii php hnh nh
nu c nhiu gii php hnh nh h tr. Chng hn cho php mt u cui CIF truyn hnh nh
QCIF trong khi nhn hnh nh CIF. Dng hnh nh c nh dng nh m t trong chun
H.225.0
Trong nhng trng hp cc u cui H.323 nhn nhiu knh hnh nh, u cui cn
thc hin chc nng trn hoc chuyn mch hnh nh truyn bo hiu hnh nh n ngi
dng. Chc nng ny c th bao gm truyn nhiu hnh nh n ngi dng.

4. Cc giao giao thc c s dng trong H323:

Khuyn ngh H323 a ra mt tp cc giao thc phc v cho qu trnh truyn d liu
media thi gian thc trn mng chuyn mch gi. Kin trc phn tng giao thc c m t trn
hnh :

Hnh 1.7: Cc giao thc s dng trong H323

4.1 Cc giao thc lin quan n iu khin v bo hiu :

H323 gip thit lp mt cuc gi (ni chung) m bo vic m phng ging nh thc
hin cuc gi thng thng bng in thoi truyn thng, H323 to ra cc knh logic ring cng
cc giao thc tng ng thc hin nhim v iu khin v bo hiu cuc gi, cng nh cc vic
ng k, xc nhn khc trc khi cuc gi din ra.

4.1.1 Giao thc H225 RAS ( Registration/Admission/Status):

Cc bn tin H225 RAS c dng trao i gia cc im cui (cc u cui, cc
gateway) v gatekeeper cho cc chc nng nh tm gatekeeper, ng k, qun l gii
thng...Knh ny c lp vi knh bo hiu cuc gi v knh iu khin H.245. Th tc m
knh logic H.245 khng dng thit lp knh bo hiu RAS. Trong mi trng mng khng
c Gatekeeper th khng s dng knh bo hiu RAS. Nu c Gatekeeper th knh bo hiu RAS
c m gia Endpoint v Gatekeeper v c m trc khi thit lp cc knh khc gia cc
H.323 Endpoint.
Knh bo hiu RAS H.225.0 l knh khng tin cy v vy chng c ti i trong gi
tin UDP, mang thng ip dng trong qu trnh tm Gatekeeper v ng k Endpoint lin quan
n a ch nh danh ca Endpoint trong a ch chuyn ti knh bo hiu cuc gi. V knh
bo hiu RAS khng tin cy nn chun H.225.0 a ra thi gian Timeout v c m li cho
mi thng ip khc nhau. Mt Endpoint hay Gatekeeper khng p ng c yu cu trong
thi gian Timeout th c th dng thng ip RIP (Request In Progress) thng bo rng n

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vn ang tip tc yu cu. Mt Endpoint hay Gatekeeper nhn RIP s xo Timeout ca n v
m li.
+ Tm gatekeeper: L qu trnh im cui tm mt gatekeeper n c th ng k.
+ ng k: tham gia vo mt min do gatekeeper qun l, cc im cui phi ng k
vi gatekeeper v thng bo a ch giao vn v cc a ch hnh thc ca n. (Trong h
thng c gatekeeper th a ch hnh thc chnh l s c quay) - nh v cc im cui: L tin
trnh tm a ch giao vn cho mt im cui khi bit a ch hnh thc ca n (thng qua
gatekeeper). Mi khi c cuc gi, gatekeeper nhn c a ch hnh thc ca pha b gi, n
phi thc hin th tc ny xc nh c a ch dng truyn tin ca b gi.
+ Cc iu khin khc: Giao thc RAS cn c dng trong cc c ch iu khin
khc nh iu khin thu nhn hn ch s im cui tham gia vo min, iu khin gii thng,
iu khin gii phng khi gatekeeper.

4.1.2 Giao thc bo hiu cuc gi H225 :

Giao thc H225 dng thit lp lin kt gia cc im cui H323 (cc u cui, cc
Gateway), qua lin kt cc d liu thi gian thc s c truyn i. Bo hiu cuc gi mng
H323 l trao i cc bn tin ca giao thc H225 qua mt knh bo hiu tin cy. Do yu cu tin
cy ca bo hiu nn cc thng bo ca H225 s c truyn i trong gi tin TCP. Knh bo
hiu cuc gi c lp vi knh RAS v knh iu khin H.245. Khng dng th tc m knh
logic H.245 thit lp knh bo hiu cuc gi. Knh bo hiu cuc gi c m trc khi thit
lp knh H.245 v cc knh logic gia cc H.323 Endpoint. Knh bo hiu cuc gi l mt
knh tin cy, c dng mang thng ip iu khin cuc gi H.225.0.
Qu trnh bo hiu ca cuc gi c bt u bi bn tin SETUP c gi i trn
knh bo hiu tin cy H.225.0. Theo sau bn tin ny s l chui cc bn tin phc v cho qu
trnh thit lp cuc gi vi trnh t da trn khuyn ngh H225 m u tin l bn tin yu cu
gim st bt buc. Yu cu ny cng vi nhng bn tin sau lin quan n qu trnh khai
bo/tm kim gia u cui v Gatekeeper s c truyn i trn knh khng tin cy RAS (knh
truyn thng tin v khai bo, gim st v trng thi). Qu trnh ny kt thc khi thit b u cui
nhn c trong bn tin CONNECT a ch chuyn ti an ton m trn s gi i cc bn tin
iu khin H.245. Bn tin bo hiu H.225.0 s khng b phn on khi i qua cc PDU
(Protocol Datagram Unit), cn nhng bn tin c truyn i trn knh RAS l nhng bn tin
khng chun ho.
+Trong h thng khng c Gatekeeper , knh bo hiu cuc gi c m gia hai
Endpoint lin quan n cuc gi. Thng ip bo hiu cuc gi c truyn trc tip gia hai
Endpoint ch gi v Endpoint b gi s dng a ch chuyn ti knh bo hiu. Trong trng
hp ny, xem nh Endpoint ch gi bit a ch chuyn ti knh bo hiu cuc gi ca
Endpoint b gi nn c th truyn trc tip.
+Trong h thng c Gatekeeper, knh bo hiu cuc gi c m gia Endpoint v
Gatekeeper, hoc gia cc Endpoint vi nhau ( do Gatekeeper quyt nh).

4.1.3 Giao thc iu khin cuc gi H245 :

Giao thc iu khin H245 dng thc hin vic gim st cc hot ng ca cc
thc th H323 bao gm: trao i kh nng cc im cui; ng m knh logic; iu khin
lung; quyt nh ch t; v cc lnh v ch th khc.
Knh H245 c thit lp gia hai im cui, mt im cui vi MC, hoc mt im cui vi
gatekeeper. Cc im cui ch thit lp mt knh H245 duy nht cho mi cuc gi m n
tham gia.Knh ny s dng cc thng ip v th tc trong chun H.245. Mt Terminal,
MCU, Gateway, hoc Gatekeeper c th h tr nhiu cuc gi, do c nhiu knh iu khin
H.245.
Khuyn co H.245 ch ra mt s phng thc c lp h tr bo hiu Endpoint to
Endpoint. Mt phng thc c ch r bi c php, ng ngha, v mt tp cc th

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tc ca n ch r s trao i thng ip v s tng tc vi ngi dng. Cc Endpoint
H.323 s h tr c php, ng ngha v cc th tc bi cc giao thc sau:
+ Trao i kh nng
+ Bo hiu knh logic
+Xc nh ch t.
Cc thng ip ca H.245 gm: Request, Respone, Command, v Indication.

4.2 Cc giao thc vn chuyn dng a phng tin:

c th v thi gian thc i hi cc dng a phng tin phi c truyn i vi giao
thc ring gm cc vn ng b, u tin gim tr m bo thi gian thc v cht lng cho
php mt mt thng tin.

4.2.1 Giao thc RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) :

Realtime Protocol l mt chun Internet truyn cc lung thng tin gia cc thnh
phn tng tc trn mng. RTP cung cp cc dch v v d liu mang tnh thi gian thc nh
video v audio. Thng thng cc ng dng chy RTP da trn UDP tn dng kh nng
multiplexing v kim li. RTP h tr vic truyn d liu n nhiu a ch ch bng cch dng
c ch multicast nu c h tr bi h thng mng.
Giao thc truyn thi gian thc (RTP) l mt th tc da trn k thut IP to ra cc h
tr truyn ti cc d liu yu cu thi gian thc, v d nh cc dng d liu hnh nh v
m thanh. Cc dch v cung cp bi RTP bao gm cc c ch khi phc thi gian, pht hin cc
li, bo an v xc nh ni dung. RTP c thit k ch yu cho vic truyn a i tng
nhng n vn c th c s dng truyn cho mt i tng. RTP c th truyn ti mt
chiu nh dch v video theo yu cu cng nh cc dch v trao i qua li nh in thoi
Internet.
Hot ng ca RTP c h tr bi mt th tc khc l RCTP nhn cc thng tin
phn hi v cht lng truyn dn v cc thng tin v thnh phn tham d cc phin hin thi.
Hot ng ca giao thc RTP khng c sn cc c ch m bo vic truyn theo thi gian hay
cc k thu v QoS m da vo cc dch v lp di thc hin nhng kh nng ny. RTP
khng m bo an ton hay th t cc packet khi truyn, s th t trong RTP packet cho php
bn nhn sp xp li cc packet theo th t khi truyn ca bn gi. Ngoi ra s th t cng c th
c tn dng xc nh v tr thch hp ca mt packet, v d trong vic gii m video, m
khng cn phi gii m cc packet theo th t. Cc gi tin truyn trn mng Internet c tr v
jitter khng d on c. Nhng cc ng dng a phng tin yu cu mt thi gian thch hp
khi truyn cc d liu v pht li. RTP cung cp cc c ch bo m thi gian, s th t v
cc c ch khc lin quan n thi gian. Bng cc c ch ny RTP cung cp s truyn ti d liu
thi gian thc gia cc u cui qua mng.
Tem thi gian (time-stamping) l thnh phn thng tin quan trng nht trong cc ng
dng thi gian thc. Ngi gi thit lp cc tem thi gian ngay thi im octet u tin ca gi
c ly mu. Tem thi gian tng dn theo thi gian i vi mi gi. Sau khi nhn c gi
d liu, bn thu s dng cc tem thi gian ny nhm khi phc thi gian gc chy cc d
liu ny vi tc thch hp.
Ngoi ra, n cn c s dng ng b cc dng d liu khc nhau ( chng hn nh gia
hnh v ting). Tuy nhin RTP khng thc hin ng b m cc mc ng dng pha trn s
thc hin s ng b ny. B phn nhn dng ti xc nh kiu nh dng ca ti tin cng nh
cc phng cch m ho v nn. T cc b phn nh dng ny, cc ng dng pha thu bit cch
phn tch v chy cc dng d liu ti tin. Ti mt thi im bt k trong qu trnh truyn tin,
cc b pht RTP ch c th gi mt dng ca ti tin cho d dng ca ti tin c th thay i trong
thi gian truyn (thay i thch ng vi s tc nghn ca mng).
Mt chc nng khc m RTP c l xc nh ngun . N cho php cc ng dng thu bit
c d liu n t u. V d thoi hi ngh, t thng tin nhn dng ngun mt ngi s dng
c th bit c ai ang ni.

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Cc c ch trn c thc hin thng qua mo u ca RTP. Cch m ho gi tin

RTP trong gi tin IP c m t trn hnh v. RTP nm pha trn UDP, s dng cc chc nng
ghp knh v kim tra ca UDP. UDP v TCP l hai giao thc c s dng ch yu trn
Internet. TCP cung cp cc kt ni nh hng v cc dng thng tin vi tin cy cao trong khi
UDP cung cp cc dch v khng lin kt v c tin cy thp gia hai trm ch. S d UDP
c s dng lm th tc truyn ti cho RTP l bi v 2 l do:
+Th nht, RTP c thit k ch yu cho vic truyn tin a i tng, cc kt ni c
nh hng, c bo nhn khng p ng tt iu ny.
+Th hai, i vi d liu thi gian thc, tin cy khng quan trng bng truyn
ng theo thi gian. Hn na, s tin cy trong TCP l do c ch bo pht li, khng thch hp
cho RTP. V d khi mng b tc nghn mt s gi c th mt, cht lng dch v d thp
nhng vn c th chp nhn c. Nu thc hin vic pht li th s gy nn tr rt ln cho
cht lng thp v gy ra s tc nghn ca mng.
Thc t RTP c thc hin ch yu trong cc ng dng m ti cc mc ng dng ny
c cc c ch khi phc li gi b mt, iu khin tc nghn.

4.2.2 Giao thc RTCP (Real-time Transport Control Protocol):

RTCP (Real-time Transport Control Protocol) l giao thc h tr cho RTP cung cp cc
thng tin phn hi v cht lng truyn d liu. Cc dch v m RTCP cung cp
l:
+Gim st cht lng v iu khin tc nghn.
+ Xc nh ngun.
+ ng b mi trng.
+iu chnh thng tin iu khin.

5. Cc th tc thc hin, iu khin v qun l cuc gi trong mang H323:

Trc tin chng ta nghin cu cc th tc bo hiu x l cuc gi gia hai im cui
(u cui hoc gateway) trong mng H323 vi cc trng hp khc nhau. Cc th tc ny
tun theo cc khuyn ngh H323, H225, H245 ca ITU-T.
C nhiu cch thit lp mt cuc hi thoi. Cc u cui c th qung b thng tin ca mnh
cho cc u cui khc hoc gi n MP, MP thc hin trn v phn phi, chuyn cc d liu
ny n cc thnh phn khc tham gia trong cuc hi thoi. MCU qun l hi thoi bng cch
s dng cc chc nng iu khin ca H.245. Cc thng tin iu khin c truyn n MC
trn knh iu khin H.245. Trong trng hp cc u cui tham gia hi thoi qung b thng
tin ca mnh n cch u cui khc th MP khng c s dng trn v x l d liu, trong
khi , cc thng tin iu khin cuc hi thoi vn c truyn trn knh iu khin
H.245.Trong qu trnh nghin cu th tc x l cuc gi, chng ta s khng i su vo cu
trc, cc thnh phn thng tin ca cc gi tin m ta ch xem xt hot ng ca cc th tc ny
nh
th no.

5.1 Cc th tc thc hin trn knh H225 RAS:

Knh H225 RAS l mt knh logic khng tin cy c dng truyn ti cc bn tin
gia gatekeeper v cc phn t khc trong mng thc hin cc th tc nh: Tm gatekeeper,
ng k...Bi v cc bn tin RAS c truyn trn knh khng tin cy nn cc bn tin ny phi
c t mt khong thi gian timeout v s ln pht li khi khng nhn c hi m. Mt
im cui hoc gatekeeper khng th p ng li mt yu cu trong thi gian timeout th n
phi tr li bng bn tin RIP (Request In Progress) cho bit n ang x l yu cu. Khi nhn
c bn tin RIP, chng phi khi ng li timeout v

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s ln pht li.

5.1.1 Th tc tm gatekeeper:
Th tc ny c thc hin khi mt im cui mun tm cho n mt gatekeeper
ng k. Th tc ny phi c thc hin ngay khi im cui hot ng. C hai phng
thc tm gatekeeper:

Hnh 1.8: T ng tm gatekeeper

+ Trong cu hnh ca im cui c a ch ca gatekeeper (c th t trong tp tin
khi ng).
+ im cui gi bn tin GRQ theo a ch multicast n tt c cc gatekeeper (a ch
ny c quy nh trong khuyn ngh H225).
Nu gatekeeper no c th qun l c im cui ny th c th tr li bng bn tin
GCF c cha a ch ca knh RAS. Vi mc ch d tr, gatekeeper ch nh cc gatekeeper
thay th trong trng hp xy ra li. Danh sch cc gatekeeper thay th ny c lu trng
AlternateGatekeeper trong cc bn tin GCF v RCF (xem mc sau). Nu mt im cui nhn
thy s ng k ca n khng hp l, n phi thc hin li th tc tm gatekeeper. ng k l
khng hp l khi im cui nhn c bn tin RRJ tr li cho bn tin RRQ hoc khng nhn
c tr li cho bn tin RRQ trong thi gian timeout.

5.1.2 Th tc ng k gatekeeper:
tham gia vo mt min do gatekeepet qun l, cc im cui phi thc hin th tc
ng k. y l qu trnh im cui thng bo cho gatekeeper bit a ch giao vn cng nh
a ch hnh thc (alias address) ca n. Th tc ng k phi c thc hin trc khi c
cc cuc gi xy ra v sau khi thc hin th tc tm gatekeeper.
im cui gi bn tin RRQ (Registration Request) n gatekeeper trn knh H225
RAS. Knh H225 RAS c xc nh trong th tc tm gatekeeper. Gatekeeper c th tr li
bng bn tin RCF (Request Confirm) hoc RRJ (Request Reject). Mt im cui ch ng k
vi 1 gatekeeper.

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Hnh 1.9: Th tc ng k vi gatekeeper

im cui c th ng k thi hn s dng bi yu cu timeToLive (tnh bng giy)
trong bn tin RRQ. Gatekeeper tr li bng bn tin RCF vi cng gi tr timeToLive hoc b
hn. Sau khong thi gian ny, s ng k ny ht hiu lc. Trc khi ht thi gian ng k
ht, im cui c th thit lp li timeToLive ko di thi hn ng k bng cch gi i bn
tin RRQ vi bit keepAlive c thit lp (bn tin RRQ ny ch c mt t thng tin c ch r
trong khuyn ngh H225.0). Sau khi ht thi hn, cc im cui phi ng k li vi gatekeeper
vi bn tin RRQ y .

Hnh 1.10: Th tc ng k vi gatekeeper

Sau khi hu b ng k, im cui phi ng k li (c th vi mt gatekeeper khc). Mt
im cui nu khng ng k s khng chu s qun l ca gatekeeper.

5.1.3 Th tc nh v im cui:
Mt im cui hoc gatekeeper c a ch hnh thc ca mt im cui khc v mun bit
thng tin lin lc ca im cui ny, n s s dng bn tin LRQ (Location Request). Bn tin
ny c th c gi n mt gatekeeper no (c a ch r rng) hoc gi theo a ch
multicast n nhiu gatekeeper. Gatekeeper qun l im cui c a ch hnh thc trong bn tin
LRQ s tr li li bng bn tin LCF cha cc thng tin lin lc ca im cui . Thng tin lin
lc bao gm a ch knh bo hiu, a ch knh RAS v mt s thng tin khc.
Nu mt gatekeepr no nhn c bn tin LRQ trn knh RAS ca n th phi tr li
li. Nu gatekeeper nhn c trn knh RAS multicast th n s khng tr li (trong trng
hp n khng qun l im cui).

5.1.4 Cc th tc khc:

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Ngoi cc th tc trn, knh RAS cn dng truyn ti cc bn tin iu khin truy
nhp, thay i bng thng, gim st trng thi v gii phng.Trong bn tin ARQ ( Admission
Request) yu cu truy nhp, im cui xc nh mt
gi tr bng thng truyn v nhn thng tin. Gi tr ny l gii hn trn ca tc lung tng
hp audio, video truyn v nhn (khng k cc header cc lp giao thc). Gatekeeper c
th gim gi tr ny xung trong bn tin xc nhn ACF. Cc im cui ch c php truyn
thng tin vi tc nm trong gii hn ny.

5.2 Cc th tc thit lp cuc gi gia 2 im cui qua mng H323:

im cui trong mng H323 c th l mt thit b u cui hoc mt gateway. Cc th
tc x l cuc gi gia hai im cui trong mng H323 tun theo cc th tc trong khuyn
ngh H323, H225.0 v H245. u tin, knh bo hiu c thit lp (bn gi phi bit a ch
tng mng (IP) v a ch tng giao vn (TCP) ca bn b gi) , sau a ch ca knh iu
khin c xc nh trong qu trnh trao i cc bn tin bo hiu. Sau khi xc nh c a ch,
knh iu khin c thit lp v a ch ca knh thng tin s c xc nh qua cc bn tin
trn knh Iu khin. Cui cng, knh thng tin c thit lp cho php hai im cui c th trao
i thng tin.
Ngoi ra, H323 cn h tr th tc kt ni nhanh (khng cn m knh H245).

Hnh 1.11: Cc knh logic trong mt cuc gi

5.2.1 nh tuyn iu khin:

Khi cc bn tin bo hiu cuc gi c gatekeeper nh tuyn th sau knh iu
khin H.245 s c nh tuyn theo 2 cch th hin trn hnh :
+ Knh iu khin H.245 c thit lp mt cch trc tip gia cc im cui. Khi
ch cho php kt ni trc tip 2 im cui.

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Hnh 1.12: Thit lp knh iu khin H.245 trc tip gia cc Endpoint
+Knh iu khin H.245 c thit lp t im cui ny ti im cui kia thng qua
gatekeeper. Khi cho php gatekeeper nh tuyn li knh iu khin H.245 ti mt MC khi
thc hin dch v hi ngh.

Hnh 1.13: Gatekeeper nh tuyn knh iu khin H.245

5.2.2 nh tuyn bo hiu:

Cc bn tin bo hiu cuc gi c th c truyn theo mt trong hai phng thc v
vic la chn gia cc phng thc ny do gatekeeper quyt nh:
+ Th nht l cc bn tin bo hiu ca cuc gi c truyn t im cui n ti im
cui kia thng qua gatekeeper gia hai im cui .

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Hnh 1.14: Gatekeeper tm ng bo hiu cuc gi

+ Th hai l cc bn tin bo hiu ca cuc gi c truyn trc tip gia hai im
cui .

Hnh 1.15: Bo hiu cuc gi trc tip gia cc Endpoint

C hai phng thc ny u s dng cc kt ni ging nhau vi cng mc ch, dng bn
tin c s dng cng ging nhau, cc bn tin thit lp bo hiu c trao i trn knh RAS
ca gatekeeper, sau ti trao i bn tin bo hiu cuc gi trn knh bo hiu cuc gi. Sau
mi ti thit lp knh iu khin H.245.
Trong phng thc gatekeeper nh tuyn cc bn tin th n c th ng knh bo
hiu cuc gi khi vic thit lp cuc gi hon thnh hoc vn duy tr knh ny h tr cc dch
v b xung. Ch c gatekeeper mi c th ng knh bo hiu cuc gi, nhng khi Gateway
tham gia vo cuc gi th cc knh ny khng c php ng.

5.2.3 Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi:

Trnh t cc th tc nh sau
+Endpoint ng k vi Gatekeeper.
Gatekeeper nhn ng k ca endpoint v cho php Endpoint thit lp cuc gi v
thc hin chuyn i a ch (ARP)
+Thit lp cc bo hiu cuc gi tng ng, khi ng cuc gi nu thnh cng hoc
t chi cuc gi nu khng th kt nis
+iu chnh cc chc nng ca h thng trong sut cuc gi, trao i thng tin v xc
nh ch hot ng ca h thng

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+nh dng v m knh truyn, thu v pht dng d liu
+Thay i ngi gi, cc thng s, phng tin truyn thng
+Kt thc cuc gi v loi b ng k ban u Gatekeeper.

CHNG II : TM HIU MI TRNG LP TRNH OPENH323

1.Gii thiu chung:
OpenH323 l mt m ngun m bao gm mt th vin cc lp dng sn cho vic pht
trin cc ng dng theo giao thc H323, nhng ng dng truyn thng a phng tin trn mng
chuyn mch gi. N s dng th vin PWLib cung cp mt nn c lp, v to nn mt s
m rng kh thn thin vi ngn ng C++ v lp trnh hng i tng.
Vi kin trc c gii thiu nh sau:
i tng c bn trong h thng cy phn cp l lp H323Endpoint phc v cho thit b
cui. Mt ng dng in hnh s c th hin l con ca lp ny. Th hin s thit lp rt nhiu
tham s mc nh cho H323, mt trong nhng thng s quan trng nht l bng chc nng ci m
nh ngha cc loi chun CODECS v cc knh ng dng cn c vo iu khin.
Vn l ng dng trong thit b H323 cui cng s l mt th hin ca mt hay nhiu lp
H323Listener (lp lng nghe). V i theo l cc giao thc tng ng. Mi mt listener sinh ra
mt tin trnh m iu khin giao thc ca bn thn n v khi mt cuc gi ti c pht hin, n
to ra mt th hin ca lp H323Transport. V vi mi mt th hin c to ra n c h tr
bi nhng giao thc thch hp. Khi PDU n u tin trn mt H323Transport s dng Q931 v
giao thc H225. Khi c mt cuc gi chun b thc hin th kt ni c to ra bi mt ng ng
nhng l lp H323Connection.

2.Cu trc c th ca cc lp:

*Cc lp lin quan n thit b cui.
+H323Endpoint: Thc thi mt im cui H323 v li thng s l to v nhn cuc gi.
+H323Connection: Mt th hin ca lp ny c to cho mi cuc gi n v di.
+H323Channel: Lp c bn cho cc knh logic ca H323.
+H323Codec: Lp c s cho tt c cc chun codecs. Gm H323AudioCodec v
H323VideoCodec.
+H323SignalPDU: Lp c s cho tt c khi d liu giao thc H323 PDU.
+H323DataPDU: Lp c s cho mi khi PDU.
+H323GatekeeperServer: Thc thi vai tr ca mt Gatekeeper, v d server cho giao thc
H225 RAS.

*Cc lp nh ngha a ch:

+H225_AliasAddress: nh ngha i tng a ch nh danh H225.
+H323TransportAddress: nh ngha a ch IP ging nh mt xu.

*Cc lp giao thc H225:

H225_Setup_UUIE,H245_VendorIdentification
,H245_FunctionNotSupported
.
(Cc lp giao thc H225 rt nhiu xin php khng lit k y).

3. Hng dn c th v H323 v xy dng ng dng H323:

Do phm vi ca ti khng cho php trnh by qu di nn phn ny s c m t bi
ti liu km theo phn ph lc.

CHNG III: TM HIU GIAO THC TRUYN M THANH CA

YAHOO VOICE , SKYPE, IN THOI 171
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Voice IP ra i cch y kh lu, hin ti c rt nhiu ng dng, dch v trong thc t
cho php ngi dng thc hin cc cuc m thoi vi cht lng ph hp. Trong bo co ny
xin trnh by 3 ngi dng Internet Vit Nam s dng ph bin.

1. Dch v Yahoo voice :

Yahoo Voice c tch hp trn Yahoo messenger mt phn mm chat min ph c
ng o ngi dng trn th gii chp nhn nn so vi cc dch v voice khc n cng c phn
chim u th trong qu trnh qung b. Hin ti Yahoo cng nh mt s hng khc min ph m
thoi PC to PC.
+Cc kch bn c th m thoi c ca yahoo voice chat l:
PC-PC, PC - Phone hoc l Phone PC.
+Chun Codec d liu :iLBC (internet low bit rate), khng s dng thut encryption.
+Giao thc s dng : Sip (c TLS) v RTP (truyn dng a phng tin).
Sip : Session Initiation Protocol l b giao thc iu khin phin a ra cc phng thc thc
hin Voip thun ty bng phn mm .
+Yahoo Voice ch chy c trn Window tc l khng c lp vi h iu hnh.
+Cht lng m thanh thoi ca Yahoo tng i tt.
+Mc n nh khng cao.
+Gi thnh ca dch v PC to Phone nu cng mt cht lng cao gp 2 ln Skype.
+V xy dng trn giao thc Sip v RTP nn gp vn khi vt qua NAT v firewal.

2. Skype :
Skype hin nay l mt dch v thoi c th phn ln nht th gii v ni ting v n
nh khi thc hin m thoi k c loi hnh min ph PC- PC ln 2 loi hnh c ph cn li.
+Cc kch bn m thoi: C 3 loi hnh dch v PC-PC (min ph), PC-Phone (2chiu),
Phone Phone (2chiu).
+Chun CODECS v Encryption: CODECS: SVOPC (tn s ly mu16Khz tc
truyn ti thiu 20kbps-cht lng kh tt). iLBC, iSAC (internet speech audio codec). G729
(8kbps).
+Giao thc da trn giao thc ca mng ngang hng P2P (Peer to Peer)
(n s dng mt mng P2P che ph-overlay).
+Tnh tng thch cao c cc phin bn khc nhau dnh cho Linux, Mac, Win.
+Cht lng n nh, c a dng hn yahoo voice.
+Gi thnh thp: cng mt cht lng r hn 2 ln so vi Yahoo voice.
+Khng gp tr ngi khi xuyn qua NAT v tng la.
+Tuy nhin vn bo mt ca Skype c vn .
+Cht lng thoi ca Skype tt v khng yu cu my ngi s dng c cu hnh cao.
Khi my ngi dng cu hnh thp th n vt xa so vi Yahoo voice v cht lngt thoi.
+Th phn ca Skype: Trn ton th gii rt ln, PC to PC khng bng Yahoo Voice
xong dch d Phone call (Phone-PC v Phone-Phone ), nhng dch v tr tin th c th phn ln
nht th gii.

3.in thoi 171 Vit Nam:

Dch v in thoi ng di trong nc v quc t s dng giao thc IP gi tt l dch
v in thoi "gi 171". y l dch v vin thng (bao gm in thoi v fax) trn bng tn thoi
c bn s dng cng ngh nn v gii nn tn hiu truyn a thng tin di dng gi s dng
giao thc Internet do Tng Cng ty Bu chnh - Vin thng Vit Nam thit lp, qun l, khai
thc, kinh doanh v pht trin p ng nhu cu ngy cng a dng ca ngi s dng.
+Kch bn i thoi: Phone to Phone c cc ph nh hn in thoi truyn thng.
+Chun CODECS: G.723, G.729.

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+Giao thc H323.
+Cht lng tng i tt m bo m thoi.

CHNG IV:XY TRNH DNG CHNG THOI 2 MY S DNG

TH VIN OPENH323
1.M t chng trnh v cc giao din lin quan:
y l mt chng trnh m thoi n gin gii quyt vn m thoi 2 my trn
mng LAN vi cc th tc thit lp n gin. Sau y l cc thao tc, chc nng cng nh hnh
nh giao din ca chng trnh:

Hnh 4.1: Giao din chng trnh voice PC to PC(lng nghe)

Hnh 4.2: Giao din chng trnh voice PC to PC (gi)

S dng chng trnh nh sau hnh trn l giao din ca chng trnh 2 my mun kt
ni vi nhau th cng chy chng trnh trn v in a ch IP ca nhau. 2 hnh trn l 2 my
trong mng Lan c a ch ni b l 192.168.1.3 v 192.168.1.4 my 192.168.1.4 thc hin cuc
gi kch nt gi ti IP, my 192.168.1.3 kch nt lng nghe sau 2 bn tin hnh thoi. Nu
mun kt thc cuc gi kch nt gc my.

2. Lp trnh chng trnh:

+Cng c s dng ngn ng C#
+Th vin openH323.ocx, ATLH323Lib
+Sau y l m ngun chnh ca chng trnh:

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using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using ATLH323Lib;
namespace H323_Voice
{
/// <summary>
/// Summary description for Form1.
/// </summary>
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
.
.
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
H323Class h323 = new H323Class ();
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
h323.AutoAnswer = true;
h323.SilenceDetection = true;
}
private void checkBox1_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
h323.RemoteHost = textBox1.Text;
h323.Connect ();
button1.Enabled = false;
button2.Enabled = true;
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
h323.Hangup();
button2.Enabled = false;
button1.Enabled = true;
}
private void button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
h323.Listen ();
}
private void checkBox1_CheckedChanged_1(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
if (checkBox1.Checked)
{
h323.SilenceDetection = true;
}
else
h323.SilenceDetection = false;
}
private void checkBox2_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
if (checkBox2.Checked)
{
h323.AutoAnswer = true;
}

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else
h323.AutoAnswer

= false;

}
private void checkBox3_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
if (checkBox3.Checked)
{
textBox2.Enabled = true;
h323.UseGateway = true;
h323.Gateway = textBox2.Text;
}
else
{
h323.UseGateway = false;
textBox2.Enabled = false;
}
}
}
}

3. nh gi kt qu t c:
y l mt chng trnh m thoi
n gin c s dng OpenH323 da trn c s cc giao thc H323 nhng vi m hnh 2 my
trong mng Lan khng c vn iu khin qun l cuc gi, iu chnh bng thng. V do
mng Lan nn chng trnh cho cht lng m thanh tt.

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LI KT
Thnh tu ca cng ngh thng tin hm nay l kt qu ca nhng nghin cu
khng bit mt mi ca cc nh khoa hc, gio s, tin s, k s trong lnh vc ny. V
vy vic hc tp v tm hiu nguyn l ca cc thnh tu vn dng trong cng vic
thc t l ht sc cn thit v cp bch. Nn c hi c tm hiu chun giao thc H323
trong lnh vc truyn thng a phng tin di t cch n mn xy dng ng dng
h phn tn l mt vinh d i vi ngi thc hin.
Em xin chn thnh cm n thnh cm n c Nguyn Th Hong Lan trng b
mn Mng Truyn Thng khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
cung cp nhng hng dn v ti liu quan trng trong sut qu trnh em lm n.
Em xin knh chc c cng gia nh mnh khe.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Switching to VoIP by Ted Wallingford .
[2] Voice over IP Fundamentals (2nd Edition) (Fundamentals) by Jonathan Davidson, James
Peters, Manoj Bhatia, and Satish Kalidindi
[3] IP telephony with H.323: Architectures for Unified Networks and Integrated Services by V.
Kumar, Markku Korpi, Senthil Sengodan, and Vineet Kumar
[4] IP Telephony: Deploying Voice-over-IP Protocols by Olivier Hersent, Jean-Pierre Petit, and
David Gurle
[5] www.openh323.org
[6] http://toncar.cz/openh323/tut/

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