PHENOL

I/ NH NGHA, PHN LOI 1. nh ngha: Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t C ca vng benzen. V d:

(Phenol) 2. Phn loi: * Da vo s nhm OH trong phn t: Phenol n chc Phenol a chc II/ PHENOL 1. Cu to: CTPT: C6H6O

(Ancol benzylic)

CTCT: C6H5OH hay nh hng qua li ca nhm OH v vng benzen:

+ Do nhm OH c tnh y e nn mt e ca vng benzen tp trung nhiu v tr 2, 4, 6. Khi tham gia phn ng th s u tin th v tr o- v p-. + V vng benzen c tnh ht e mnh nn s phn cc trong lin kt OH cng ln. Lin kt d b t hn so vi nhm OH trong phn t ancol Tnh axit. 2. Tnh cht vt l: iu kin thng, phenol l cht rn, khng mu. Phenol rt c, gy bng da. Rt t tan trong nc lnh nhng tan nhiu trong nc nng v etanol. 3. Tnh cht ho hc a) Phn ng th nguyn t H ca nhm OH: *) Tc dng vi KLK: C6H5OH + Na C6H5ONa + H2 (Natri phenolat) b) Tc dng vi dung dch baz: C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O
Gio vin: Bi Xun ng

 Phenol c tnh axit. Tnh axit ca phenol rt yu: dung dch phenol khng lm i mu qu tm v tnh axit yu hn dung dch CO2. V d: C6H5ONa + CO2 + H2O C6H5OH + NaHCO3 b) Phn ng ca vng benzen: *) Tc dng vi dung dch Br2:

*) Tc dng vi dung dch HNO3:

4. iu ch: Phng php 1:

Phng php 2:

Gio vin: Bi Xun ng