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TH\u01af G\u01af\u0309I ME\u0323

XEC G\u00c2Y \u00ca X\u00ca NIN.

I.Ta\u0301c gia\u0309 X. \u00ca x\u00ea nin :(1895-1925)

_Qu\u00ea \u01a1\u0309 vu\u0300ng la\u0300ng qu\u00ea ti\u0309nh Riadan.Th\u01b0\u01a1\u0309 nho\u0309 s\u00f4\u0301ng v\u01a1\u0301i \u00f4ng ba\u0300 ngoa\u0323 i la\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i gia\u0300u
co\u0301. Hoa\u0323 t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 ng v\u0103n ho\u0323 c \u01a1\u0309 Ma\u0301t xco va t\u01b0\u0300 khi 17 tu\u00f4\u0309i. La\u0300 nha\u0300 th\u01a1 ti\u00eau bi\u00ea\u0309u cu\u0309a \u0111\u00e2\u0301t n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c ,
d\u00e2n t\u00f4\u0323 c Nga.
_ Cu\u00f4\u0323 c \u0111\u01a1\u0300i ri\u00eang nhi\u00ea\u0300u th\u0103ng tr\u00e2\u0300 m, u u\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 kha\u0301 ng\u0103\u0301n ngu\u0309i nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00ea\u0309 la\u0323 i m\u00f4\u0323

t di sa\u0309n

kh\u00f4ng phai m\u01a1\u0300 trong li\u0323 ch s\u01b0\u0309 thi ca Nga.
_Sa\u0301ng ta\u0301c nhi\u00ea\u0300u loa\u0323 i th\u01a1, \u0111\u0103\u0323 c s\u0103\u0301c nh\u00e2\u0301t la\u0300 th\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u0303 ti\u0300nh. Ta\u0301c ph\u00e2\u0309m: Th\u01b0 g\u01b0\u0309i me\u0323 ,\u00d4\u0301i n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c Nga
th\u00e2n thi\u00ea\u0301t cu\u0309a t\u00f4i; N\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c Nga X\u00f4 Vi\u00ea\u0301t; Ma\u0301i to\u0301c xanh;L\u00ea\u0303 c\u00e2\u0300u h\u00f4\u0300n(t\u00e2\u0323 p th\u01a1). Chu\u0309 \u0111\u00ea\u0300 chung va\u0300
n\u00f4\u0309i b\u00e2\u0323 t trong sa\u0301ng ta\u0301c X. \u00ca x\u00ea nin la\u0300 ti\u0300nh y\u00eau n\u00f4\u0300ng na\u0300n say \u0111\u0103\u0301m d\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i,qu\u00ea
h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e2\u0301t n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c Nga.
_X. \u00ca x\u00ea nin la\u0300 ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300 i sa\u0301ng ta\u0323 o ra nh\u01b0\u0303ng hi\u0300 nh a\u0309nh tuy\u00ea\u0323 t di\u00ea\u0323 u v\u00ea\u0300 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean va\u0300 cu\u00f4\u0323 c s\u00f4\u0301ng
la\u0300ng qu\u00ea Nga. Ng\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u0303 th\u01a1 X. \u00ca x\u00ea nin mang \u00e2m h\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng l\u01a1\u0300i ca ti\u00ea\u0301ng ha\u0301t cu\u0309a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.
\u201cX. \u00ca x\u00ea nin la\u0300 nha\u0300 th\u01a1 ta\u0300i n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f4\u0323 c \u0111a\u0301o va\u0300 th\u00e2\u0301m nhu\u00e2\u0300n phong vi\u0323 Nga m\u00f4\u0323 t ca\u0301ch tro\u0323 n
ve\u0323 n\u201d (M.Gorki). Th\u01a1 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323 c coi la\u0300 \u201cKinh Tha\u0301nh cu\u0309a t\u00e2m h\u00f4\u0300n Nga\u201d
NH\u01af\u0303

NG NE\u0301T CHI\u0301

NH TRONG CU\u00d4\u0323 C \u0110\u01a0\u0300I X. \u00ca x\u00ea nin \u0110A\u0303 A\u0309NH H\u01af\u01a0\u0309NG \u0110\u00ca\u0301N

SA\u0301

NG TA\u0301C CU\u0309

A \u00d4NG:

*X. \u00ca x\u00ea nin ,sinh ra trong m\u00f4\u0323 t gia \u0111i\u0300 nh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, su\u00f4\u0301t \u0111\u01a1\u0300 i t\u01b0\u0323 ha\u0300 o v\u00ea\u0300 g\u00f4\u0301c ga\u0301c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n

cu\u0309a mi\u0300

nh..\u00d4ng y\u00eau tha thi\u00ea\u0301t gia \u0111i\u0300nh va\u0300 ng\u00f4i nha\u0300 t\u00f4\u0309 ti\u00ean n\u00ean th\u01a1 \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng xu\u00e2\u0301t hi\u00ea\u0323 n

nh\u01b0\u0303ng ti\u0300nh ca\u0309m v\u01a1\u0301i ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i th\u00e2n, v\u01a1\u0301i nh\u01b0\u0303nh hi\u0300nh a\u0309nh v\u00ea\u0300 ma\u0309nh v\u01b0\u01a1\u0300n x\u01b0a, ma\u0301

i nha\u0300 x\u01b0a\u2026

*Ti\u00ea\u0301p nh\u00e2\u0323 n nh\u01b0\u0303ng ne\u0301t \u0111e\u0323 p v\u00ea\u0300 t\u00f4n gia\u0301o t\u01b0\u0300 ba\u0300 ngoa\u0323 i, t\u00e2m h\u00f4\u0300n X. \u00ca x\u00ea nin trong sa\u0301ng, tha\u0301nh
thi\u00ea\u0323 n. \u0110i\u00ea\u0300u \u0111o\u0301 a\u0309nh h\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng \u0111\u00ea\u0301n ti\u0300nh ca\u0309m t\u00f4n gia\u0301o trong th\u01a1 \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c CM tha\u0301ng m\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i.
* CM tha\u0301ng m\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i tha\u0300nh c\u00f4ng, X. \u00ca x\u00ea nin \u201choa\u0300n toa\u0300n \u0111\u01b0\u0301ng v\u00ea\u0300 phi\u0301a tha\u0301ng m\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i\u201d. Tuy co\u0301
nh\u01b0\u0303ng nh\u00e2\u0323 n th\u01b0\u0301c co\u0300 n m\u01a1 h\u00f4\u0300 , song \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n b\u0103n kho\u0103n lo l\u0103\u0301ng cho s\u00f4\u0301 ph\u00e2\u0323 n cu\u0309a qu\u00ea
h\u01b0\u01a1ng, tin t\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng tuy\u00ea\u0323 t \u0111\u00f4\u0301i \u01a1\u0309 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cu\u0309a \u0111\u00e2\u0301t n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c.
*Nh\u01b0\u0303ng th\u0103ng tr\u00e2\u0300m trong cu\u00f4\u0323 c \u0111\u01a1\u0300 i X. \u00ca x\u00ea nin \u0111a\u0303 a\u0309nh h\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng s\u00e2u s\u0103\u0301c \u0111\u00ea\u0301n th\u01a1 \u00f4ng. Tuy
v\u00e2\u0323 y, th\u01a1 \u00f4ng v\u00e2\u0303n t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u0103\u0301n, trong sa\u0301ng, ch\u00e2n tha\u0300nh.
II.Ba\u0300i th\u01a1 TH\u01af G\u01af\u0309I ME\u0323 :
1. Th\u01a1\u0300 i \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m sa\u0301ng ta\u0301c: 1924- m\u00f4\u0323 t trong nh\u01b0\u0303ng ba\u0300i th\u01a1 n\u0103\u0300m chung trong m\u00f4\u0323

t ma\u0323 ch

nh\u01b0\u0303ng b\u01b0\u0301c th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323 c vi\u00ea\u0301t b\u0103\u0300ng th\u01a1 g\u01b0\u0309i \u00d4ng., Em ga\u0301i., Ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300 i \u0111a\u0300n ba\u0300\u2026Lu\u0301c na\u0300 y nha\u0300

th\u01a1 \u0111ang cha\u0301n na\u0309n trong ca\u0309nh s\u00f4\u0301ng xa qu\u00ea, xa me\u0323 , bao m\u00f4\u0323 ng \u0111e\u0323 p kh\u00f4ng tha\u0300nh.

2. Chu\u0309 \u0111\u00ea\u0300:X. \u00ca x\u00ea nin th\u00ea\u0309 hi\u00ea\u0323 n th\u00e2\u0323 t s\u00e2u s\u0103\u0301c ti\u0300nh m\u00e2\u0303u t\u01b0\u0309. Ba\u0300i th\u01a1 man ma\u0301c bu\u00f4\u0300n g\u01a1\u0323 i

linh ca\u0309m v\u00ea\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323 t ca\u0301i gi\u0300 \u0111o\u0301 s\u0103\u0301p m\u00e2\u0301

t ma\u0300 kh\u00f4ng th\u00ea\u0309 c\u01b0\u0301u va\u0303n n\u00f4\u0309i. Tr\u00ean ca\u0301i n\u00ea\u0300n mong

manh \u00e2\u0301y, ti\u0300nh m\u00e2\u0303u t\u01b0\u0309 tr\u01a1\u0309 tha\u0300nh ti\u0300nh ca\u0309m thi\u00eang li\u00eang va\u0300 cao quy\u0301 nh\u00e2\u0301t.

3. Ph\u00e2n ti\u0301ch:

a. Ti\u0300nh ca\u0309m cu\u0309a ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i con trai \u0111\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i me\u0323 :

_Th\u0103m ho\u0309i r\u00e2\u0301t \u0111\u0103\u0323 c bi\u00ea\u0323 t: \u201cMe\u0323 co\u0301 co\u0300n \u0111o\u0301 ch\u0103ng th\u01b0a me\u0323

Con v\u00e2\u0303n co\u0300n \u0111\u00e2y , xin cha\u0300o me\u0323 cu\u0309a con.\u201d

\ue000n\u00f4\u0303i b\u0103n kho\u0103n , \u0103n n\u0103n vi\u0300 xa ca\u0301ch l\u00e2u, \u0111\u00ea\u0309 me\u0323 phi\u00ea\u0300n mu\u00f4\u0323 n ch\u01a1\u0300 mong.

_Mong mo\u0309i: \u201cA\u0301nh sa\u0301ng di\u00ea\u0323 u ki\u0300 \u2026cu\u0309a me\u0323 \u201d=>a\u0301nh chi\u00ea\u0300u s\u01b0\u01a1\u0309i \u00e2\u0301m c\u0103n nha\u0300 me\u0323 , s\u01b0\u01a1\u0309i \u00e2\u0301m
co\u0303i lo\u0300ng me\u0323 .
_An u\u0309i:xin me\u0323 y\u00ean lo\u0300ng vi\u0300 \u201cCon v\u00e2\u0303n nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a\u2026 ma\u0301i nha\u0300 x\u01b0a\u201d=>con v\u00e2\u0303n \u0111\u0103\u0300m th\u0103\u0301m
di\u0323 u da\u0300ng, v\u00e2\u0303n mu\u00f4\u0301n tr\u01a1\u0309 v\u00ea\u0300.

- C\u00e2\u0300u xin: me\u0323 \u0111\u01b0\u0300ng qua\u0301 \u0111\u01a1\u0323 i ch\u01a1\u0300 \u201cphi\u00ea\u0300n mu\u00f4\u0323 n lo \u00e2u qua\u0301 \u0111\u00f4\u0303i v\u00ea\u0300 con\u201d

- H\u01b0\u0301a he\u0323 n :se\u0303 tr\u01a1\u0309 v\u00ea\u0300 v\u01a1\u0301i me\u0323 khi xu\u00e2n sang \u201cCon se\u0303 v\u00ea\u0300 khi va\u0300o \u0111\u00f4\u0323 xu\u00e2n sang\u201d