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V\u1edbi L\u00fd Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1ecfi -- Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u Nh\u1eefng

Ng\u1ee5y Bi\u1ec7n Th\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u1eddng

Morris S. Engel

Engel, Morris S. With Good Reason -- An Introduction to Informal Fallacies. 5th

edition. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.

M\u1ee5c L\u1ee5c

M\u1ee5c L\u1ee5c.......................................................................................................................................................... i

T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3.......................................................................................................................................................... iii

Ph\u1ea7n I.................................................................................................................................................................1

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1............................................................................................................................................................1

B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Vi c\u1ee7a Lo-gic....................................................................................................................1

1. L\u00fd Lu\u1eadn v\u1eeba l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t M\u00f4n Khoa H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 M\u00f4n Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt...................................................................2 2. Lo-gic l\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Tranh Lu\u1eadn.................................................................................................3 3. Tranh Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng-Tranh-Lu\u1eadn.....................................................................................................4 4. Lo\u1ea1i B\u1ecf S\u1ef1 D\u00f4ng D\u00e0i..........................................................................................................................6 5. Nh\u1eefng B\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadn Khuy\u1ebft Thi\u1ebfu.............................................................................................................8 6. L\u00e0m N\u1ed5i B\u1eadt nh\u1eefng Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n Kh\u1ea3 Nghi......................................................................................11 7.\u0110\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c Tranh Lu\u1eadn:\u0110\u00fang, Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 H\u1ee3p L\u00fd......................................................................14 8. Nh\u1eefng Tranh Lu\u1eadn Suy Di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 Quy N\u1ea1p........................................................................................17 9. L\u00fd Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c........................................................................................................................20 10. T\u00f3m T\u1eaft.............................................................................................................................................20

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2..........................................................................................................................................................22

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec7n Truy\u1ec1n\u0110\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef......................................................................................................22

1. Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u00e0 T\u01b0 Duy........................................................................................................................22 2. D\u1ea5u Hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3u T\u01b0\u1ee3ng..................................................................................................................25 3. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 V\u1eadt Ch\u1ea5t...........................................................................................................................26 4. S\u1ef1 H\u1eefu D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef............................................................................................................29 5. S\u1ef1 T\u1ed1i Ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 M\u01a1 H\u1ed3....................................................................................................................30 6. Nh\u1eefng Tranh Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 T\u1eeb Ng\u1eef..........................................................................................................31 7.\u0110\u1ecbnh Ngh\u0129a........................................................................................................................................33 8. Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt N\u00f3i Chuy\u1ec7n Tr\u1ef1c Ti\u1ebfp...................................................................................................37 9. T\u00f3m T\u1eaft.............................................................................................................................................39

Ph\u1ea7n II..............................................................................................................................................................41

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3..........................................................................................................................................................41

Nh\u1eefng Ng\u1ee5y Bi\u1ec7n do S\u1ef1 T\u1ed1i Ngh\u0129a..............................................................................................................41

1. L\u1ed1i N\u00f3i L\u1eadp L\u1edd.................................................................................................................................44 2. C\u00e2u N\u00f3i N\u01b0\u1edbc\u0110\u00f4i............................................................................................................................49 3. D\u1ea5u Tr\u1ecdng \u00c2m..................................................................................................................................53 4. Ph\u00e9p Tu T\u1eeb.......................................................................................................................................57 5. S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e2n H\u00f3a v\u00e0 K\u1ebft C\u1ea5u..................................................................................................................61 6. T\u00f3m T\u1eaft.............................................................................................................................................64

Chuong 4..........................................................................................................................................................65

Nh\u1eefng Ng\u1ee5y Bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ecbnh...................................................................................................................65

B\u1ecf Qua Nh\u1eefng Y\u1ebfu T\u1ed1 C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n.................................................................................................................65 1. Kh\u00e1i Qu\u00e1t Ho\u00e1..................................................................................................................................65 2. G\u00f4m\u0110\u0169a C\u1ea3 N\u1eafm.............................................................................................................................68 3. L\u00fd Lu\u1eadn R\u1ebd\u0110\u00f4i.................................................................................................................................70