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BIOMETRICS
 
Chris RobertsNovember 2005
 
BiometricsPage 2
Table of Contents
Key Words 4Abstract 4Introduction 5
Figure 1 - 2001 Biometrics Market Growth Forecast 5Figure 2 - 2004 Biometrics Market Growth Forecast 6Biometrics Defined 6A Brief History 6
Types of Biometrics 7
Table 1 - Biometric Techniques 8Fingerprints 8Hand/Finger Geometry 8Facial Recognition 9Iris Scan 9Retinal Scan 9Voice Recognition 9Signature Verification 9Keystroke Dynamics 9Table 2 - Biometric Systems Usage
,,
10Figure 3 - Commonly Used Biometric Technologies 10
Biometric Systems 10
System Accuracy 12Figure 4 - Error Rates 12Authentication and Recognition 13Figure 5 - The Authentication Process 14Data Storage and Management 14Benefits and Disadvantages in Use 15Security of Biometric Systems 17Table 3 - Common Forms of Attack on Biometric Systems 18
Studies and Evaluations 19
United Kingdom 19United States Department of Defense (DOD) 20US Commercial Biometric Studies 20Asia-Pacific 20
Public Issues and Concerns 22
Figure 6 - Concerns with the Use of Biometric Data 22Misuse of biometric technologies 23Privacy 24Identity Theft 25Physical Harm 25Privacy Guidelines 26Table 4 - Guidelines and codes 27Legislation 28Table 5 - Legislative Protections 29Table 6 - Some US State Legislation 30
Standards Organisations 31
International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) 31The BioAPI Consortium 32International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) 32
 
BiometricsPage 3National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 32American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 32ANSI/INCITS B10.8. 32InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) 32INCITS M1 (Biometrics) Technical Committee 33The Biometric Consortium 33British Standards Institute (BSI) 33Organisation for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) 33The Open Group 33International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 33
Standards 34
Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework (CBEFF) 34XML Common Biometric Format (XCBF) 35ANSX9.84 Biometric Information Management and Security
 
for the Financial Services Industry 35Biometrics Application Programming Interface (BAPI) 35Human Authentication API (HA-API) 35IBM’s AIS API 36ANSI BioAPI 1.1 36Common Data Security Architecture/Human Recognition Service (CDSA/HRS) 36Intel Human Recognition Services (HRS) 36Speaker Verification API (SVAPI) 36X.509 36
Other Standards 37
APPENDIX 1 - TIMELINE OF BIOMETRICS 38APPENDIX 2 - OVERVIEW OF BIOMETRIC METHODS 44APPENDIX 3 - BIOMETRICS GLOSSARY 46ENDNOTES 50
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