EIectromagnetic Waves EIectromagnetic Waves

Sbanaz Qlstblna X.3

everyoay, we use electronlc objects, sucb as
televlslon, raolo, moblle pbones, ano otber ...
%be concept tbat coulo eplaln tbls pbenomenon ls
tbe concept ot electromagnetlc waves.
bat ls electromagnetlc wave? bat ls electromagnetlc wave?
ave meolum (vacuum)
magnetlc tlelo conslsts
ot
electrlc tlelo
Cbange
perloolcally ano
slmultaneously
Perpenolcular to tbe olrectlon ot wave propagatlon Perpenolcular to tbe olrectlon ot wave propagatlon
%ransverse wave
%be %beory. %be %beory.
tbat lt cbanges ln tbe magnetlc tlelo can
generate electrlc tlelo, tbe opposlte cbange
ln tbe meolan also wlll be able to generate
electrlc magnetlc tlelo. - janes CIerk
MaxweII, 1864
Mawell's proposal was later to become law tbat llnks
between electrlclty ano magnetlsm...
Mawell concluoeo tbat tbe electromagnetlc
wave veloclty oepenos on two quantltles, namely
electrlc permlttlvlty (0), ano magnetlc
permeablllty (0), wblcb ls tormulateo :
Mawell bypotbesls substantlateo by a German
pbyslclst, Helnrlcb Hertz Ruooltb.
Mawell bypotbesls substantlateo by a German
pbyslclst, Helnrlcb Hertz Ruooltb.
scbematlc olagram ot Hertz
eperlment
generatlon ot electromagnetlc
waves trom an electrlc olpole
(two poles are electrlcally
cbargeo wltb opposlte cbarge,
posltlve ano negatlve aojacent)
as tbe electrlc olpole
transmltter ano anotber as a
recelver.
generatlon ot electromagnetlc
waves trom an electrlc olpole
(two poles are electrlcally
cbargeo wltb opposlte cbarge,
posltlve ano negatlve aojacent)
as tbe electrlc olpole
transmltter ano anotber as a
recelver.
Some cbaracterlstlcs ot electromagnetlc Some cbaracterlstlcs ot electromagnetlc
waves: waves:
O Can propagate ln a vacuum
O |s a transverse wave
O Propagatlng ln a stralgbt olrectlon (not
attecteo by electrlc ano magnetlc tlelos)
O Can eperlence tbe retlectlon (retlectlon)
O Can eperlence retractlon (retractlon)
O May eperlence a comblnatlon (lnterterence)
O May eperlence olttractlon (olttractlon)
O Can unoergo polarlzatlon (polarlzatlon)
Spectrum ot Llectromagnetlc aves Spectrum ot Llectromagnetlc aves
%be spectrum ot electromagnetlc waves ln
oroer ot trequency lncrease or oecrease ln
wavelengtb ls:
1. Raolo ano televlslon waves
2. Mlcrowaves
3. |ntrareo Rays
4. vlslble llgbt (llgbt)
5. Ultravlolet Rays
6. X-ray
7. Gamma rays
Llectromagnetlc aves Serles 8aseo on Frequency Llectromagnetlc aves Serles 8aseo on Frequency
/ avelengtb / avelengtb
1. 1. Raolo Raolo ano ano%elevlslon %elevlslon aves aves
O Has tbe smallest trequency or longest
wavelengtb (10
4
-10
9
Hz, ano 1 -10
4
m)
O Mooulatlon ls epresseo as a merger
between electrlc vlbratlon
waves tbat carry lntormatlon by raolo trequen
cy.
Raolo Raolo wave wave spectrum spectrum banos banos are are
separateo separateo ln ln trequency trequency or wavelengtb. or wavelengtb.
Frequency(Hz) Wave Length (m) BeneIits
1 3 x 10
-3
3 x 10
4
Very Low Frequency (VLF)
10
4
10
5
Very Long Wave (VLW)
Delivery oI messages on the
submarine
2 3 x 10
4
3 x 10
5
Low Frequency (LF)
10
3
10
4
Long Wave (LW)
Transmission distance navig
ation
3 3 x 10
5
3 x 10
6
Medium Frequency (MF)
10
2
10
3
Medium Wave (MW)
Commercial radio
broadcasting
4 3 x 10
6
3 x 10
7
High Frequency (HF)
10 10
2
Short Wave (SW)
Amateur radio communicati
ons
5 3 x 10
7
3 x 10
8
Very High Frequency (VHF)
1 10
Very Short Wave (VSW)
Communications aircraIt, shi
ps, and car TV broadcast
6 3 x 10
8
3 x 10
9
Ultra High Frequency
(UHF)
10
-1
1
Ultra Short Wave (USW)
O volce lntormatlon carrleo by raolo waves to be cbanges
ln amplltuoe, calleo
amplltuoe mooulatlon (AM) or trequency cbanges,
calleo trequency mooulatlon (FM)
O AM raolo waves bas trequencles between 104 to 107 Hz.
easlly retlecteo by tbe layer ot tbe lonospbere, so tbat tbey
canacbleve tar-reacblng. 8ut tbe constralnts ot a wave
ot AM ls easlly attecteo by electrlcal events
O FM Raoloaves bas a trequency about 108 Hz.
ls superlor compareo wltb AM, not attecteo by
tbe pbenomenon ot electrlclty ln tbe alr.
O %elevlslon waves bas
a trequency sllgbtly blgber tban FM raolo waves
2. 2. Mlcrowave Mlcrowave
O ave lengtb about 10
-3
- 10
-1
m. trequency
range trom 10
9
Hz - 10
11
Hz.
O warmlng ettect on tbe object
O useo ln mlcrowave oven
O mlcrowaves are also useo by RADAR
3. 3. |ntrareo |ntrareo Ray Ray
O Frequency 10
11
Hz -10
14
Hz or wave
lengtb 10
-6
m - 10
-3
m.
O |ntrareo raolatlon ls proouceo by
vlbratlons ot atoms ot a materlal.
4. 4. Llgbt Llgbt
O Frequency 4,3 10
14
- 7,5 10
14
Hz or wave
lengtb 4 10
-9
- 8 10
-9
m
O One source ot llgbt ls tbe
sun. |t sunllgbt ls broken oown by specltlc
optlcs sucb as water or a prlsm wlll
be tormeo ralnbow.blte llgbttrom tbe
sun breaks oown lnto seven colors ot tbe
ralnbow spectrum.
%be spectrum ot %be spectrum ot llgbt llgbt colors colors ln oroer ln oroer
ot ot lncreaslng lncreaslng wavelengtb wavelengtb
Spectrum Wave Length (nm) Frequency ( x 10
14
Hz)
#ed 622 780 4,00 4,84
Orange 597 622 4,84 5,08
Yellow 577 597 5,08 5,26
Green 492 577 5,26 6,06
Blue 455 492 6,06 6,68
Purple 390 455 6.68 7,89
5. 5. Ultravlolet Ultravlolet
O Frequency 10
15
- 10
16
Hz or wave lengtb 10
-8
-
10
-7
m.
O Ultravlolet (Uv)
llgbt generateo by atoms ano molecules electrlc
stepplng.
O 8ecause energy ls strong
enougb to lonlze ano lts materlal,classltleo as ult
ravlolet raolatlon barmtul to bumans ozone laye
r(O3) ln tbe atmospbere can absorb tbls
llgbt so lt ooes not reacb tbe eartb's surtace.
6. 6. X X- -Ray Ray
O ave lengtb 10
-11
- 10
-8
m or trequency 10
16
-
10
20
Hz.
O X-rays can penetrate tbe paper ano tbe buman
skln, but can notpenetrate tbe metal ano bone.
7. 7. Gamma Ray Gamma Ray
O electromagnetlc spectrum tbat bas tbe
blgbest trequency or tbe sbortest wavelengtb
range
O Frequency 10
15
-10
21
Hz, or wave lengtb 10
-13
-
10
-10
m.
O Gamma rays can cause bealtb problems
Uses Uses Llectromagnetlc Llectromagnetlc aves aves %o %o
Comunlcatlon Comunlcatlon
O Raolo (as a communlcatlon tool ano as
a oetermlnant ot tbe plane olrectlon)
O |ntrareo rays (tbe stanoarolzatlon ot wlreless
communlcatlon)
Uses Uses Llectromagnetlc Llectromagnetlc aves aves %o %o Hea Hea
ltb ano |noustry ltb ano |noustry
O 31rared: pbotograpblng tbe surtace ot tbe eartb by
a plane, stuoylng tbemolecular structure
ot substance use (spretometer)
O 9: see tblngs arouno
O &I9rav4Ie9:
useo to klll mlcroorganlsms, by ultravlolet raolatlon
O #ay: pbotograpblng tbe posltlon ot tbe
bones or booy parts tbat bave abnormalltles
O anna #ay: useo ln tooo preservatlon lnoustry,
lnoustrlal prooucts ano otbers
8lbllograpby 8lbllograpby
O lyanto 2008 Llektromagnetlka. Yogyakarta : Graba |lmu
O Purwoko oan Fenol 2009 Pbyslcs For Senlor Hlgb Scbool Year X.
[akarta : Yuoblstlra
O Su'uo, Zakl Flslka SMA/MA Kelas X. [akarta: 8uml Aksara
O Suprlyatno 2007 Flslka Untuk SMA Kelas X . [akarta: Pblbeta
O bttp://www.google.com
O bttp://lo.wlklpeola.org/wlkl/Raolo
O bttp://aktltlslka.woropress.com/2008/11/17/gelombang-
elektromagnetlk/
O bttp://aktltlslka.woropress.com/2008/11/17/spektrum-gelombang-
elektromagnetlk/
O bttp://baslcspbyslcs.blogspot.com/2009/03/gelombang-
elektromagnetlk.btml
O bttp://www.scrlbo.com/ooc/12600861/Flslka-SMAMASMK-Kelas--
8ab-9-Gelombang-Llektromagnetlk