Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

Chng 6
CC DNG LIN KT CA BJT V FET
cc chng trc, chng ta kho st cc mch khuch i ring l dng BJT v FET. Thc t, mt thit b in t lun l s ni kt ca cc mch cn bn t n mc tiu no . Trong chng ny chng ta s kho st cc dng ni kt thng dng thng gp trong mch in t.

6.1 LIN KT LIN TIP: (cascade connection)

y l s lin kt thng dng nht ca cc tng khuch i, mc ch l tng li in th. V cn bn, mt lin kt lin tip l ng ra ca tng ny c a vo ng vo ca tng k tip. Hnh 6.1 m t mt cch tng qut dng lin kt ny vi cc h thng 2 cng.

Trong Av1, Av2, ... l li in th ca mi tng khi c ti. Ngha l Av1 c xc nh vi tng tr vo Zi2 nh l ti ca tng Av1. Vi Av2, Av1 c xem nh l ngun tn hiu. li in th tng cng nh vy c xc nh bi: (6.1) AvT = Av1. Av2 . .... . Avn li dng in c xc nh bi:

Tng tr vo: Zi = Zi1 Tng tr ra : Z0 = Z0n

6.1.1 Lin kt bng t in:

Hnh 6.2 m t mt lin kt lin tip gia hai tng khuch i dng JFET.

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

-Tng tr vo ca tng th 2: Zi2 = RG2 - li ca ton mch: AvT = Av1.Av2 vi Av1 = -gm1(RD1 //Zi2) = -gm1(RD1 //RG2) thng RG2 >>RD1 Av1 -gm1RD1 (6.3) v Av2 = -gm2RD2 nn AvT = Av1.Av2 AvT = gm1gm2RD1RD2 (6.4) - Tng tr vo ca h thng: Zi = Zi1 = RG1 - Tng tr ra ca h thng: Z0 = Z02 = RD2 V mt phn cc, do 2 mch lin lc vi nhau bng t in nn vic phn gii ging nh s phn gii mi tng ring l. Hnh 6.3 l mch cascade dng BJT.

Cng nh FET, mc ch ca mch ny l gia tng li in th. - li in th ca h thng:

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

- Tng tr vo ca ton mch: Zi = Zi1= R1 //R2 //1re1 (6.7) (6.8) - Tng tr ra ca ton mch: Z0 = Z02 = RC2 Hnh 6.4 l mch kt hp gia FET v BJT . Mch ny, ngoi mc ch gia tng khuch i in th cn c tng tr vo ln. . AvT = Av1. Av2 Vi Av1 = -gm(RD //Zi2) (6.9) Trong Zi2 = R1 //R2 //re

. Zi = RG (rt ln) . Z 0 = RC

6.1.2 Lin lc cascade trc tip:

y cng l mt dng lin kt lin tip kh ph bin trong cc mch khuch i nht l trong k thut ch to vi mch. Hnh 6.5 m t mt mch khuch i hai tng lin lc trc tip dng BJT.

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

Ta thy mch lin lc trc tip c cc li im: - Trnh c nh hng ca cc t lin lc tn s thp, do tn s gim 3dB cn di c th xung rt thp. - Trnh c s cng knh cho mch. - in th tnh ra ca tng u cung cp in th tnh cho tng sau. Tuy th, mch cng vp phi mt vi khuyt im nh: - S tri dt im tnh iu hnh ca tng th nht s nh hng n phn cc ca tng th hai. - Ngun in th phn cc thng c tr s ln nu ta dng cng mt loi BJT, vn chnh ca loi lin lc trc tip l n nh s phn cc. Cch tnh phn cc thng c p dng trn ton b mch m khng th tnh ring tng tng. Th d nh hnh 6.5 ta c:

Phn cc:

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

Thng s mch khuch i:

Mch phn cc nh trn tuy n gin nhng t c dng do khng n nh (s tri dt im iu hnh ca Q1 nh hng n phn cc ca Q2), do trong cc mch lin lc trc tip ngi ta thng dng k thut hi tip mt chiu nh hnh 6.6

Mch tng ng Thevenin ng vo c v hnh 6.7. Ta c:

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

Thng ta chn s hng u ln VE2 n nh, t VCE1, IC1, IC2 cng n nh. thy r s n nh ny ta :

Dng in ny c lp i vi 2 v c th xem nh c lp i vi 1 nu ta chn:

thay i theo nhit v dng IC2, nhng nh hng ny s c gim thiu nu ta chn V thng s ca mch khuch i cch tnh cng nh mch trc. Lin lc trc tip dng FET: MOSFET loi tng (E-MOSFET), do cc cng cch in hn vi cc ngun v cc thot nn rt thun tin trong vic ghp trc tip.

Cch tnh phn cc ging nh mt tng ring l.

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

VGS1 =VDS1 = VGS2 AvT = (gmRD)2 Tng khuch i cc ngun chung v thot chung cng thun tin trong cch ghp trc tip.

in th VGS ca Q2 ty thuc vo RD, RS1 v RS2. Trong 2 cch ghp trn, FET ch hot ng tt khi 2 FET hon ton ging ht nhau. Thc t, khi 2 FET khng ng nht, s tri dt im iu hnh ca tng trc c tng sau khuch i khin cho tng cui cng hot ng trong vng khng thun li. khc phc ngi ta cng dng k thut hi tip n nh phn cc nh hnh 6.10.

Gi s in th cc thot ca Q1 ln hn bnh thng, lng sai bit ny s c khuch i bi Q2 v Q3 v do in th ti cc cng ca Q1 ln hn. iu ny lm cho Q1 dn in mnh hn, ko in th cc thot gim xung. Tuy nhin, RG cng to ra mt vn mi. Nu gi AvT l li ca ton mch th: v0 = -|AvT|.vi Nn in th ngang qua RG l: vi - v0 = vi + |AvT|vi = vi( 1+ |AvT|)

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

mass.

khc phc, ngi ta chia RG ra lm 2 na v dng mt t ni tt tn hiu xung

6.2 LIN KT CHNG: (cascode connection)

Trong s lin kt ny, mt transistor ghp chng ln mt transistor khc. Hnh 6.12 m t mch lin kt chng vi mt tng cc pht chung ghp chng ln mt tng cc nn chung.

S lin kt ny phi c thit k sao cho tng cc pht chung c tng tr ra (tng tr vo ca tng cc nn chung) kh ln v li in th thp cung cp cho tng cc nn chung bo m in dung Miller ng vo thp nht nn loi lin kt ny hot ng tt tn s cao. Trong mch trn, vi cch phn tch phn cc nh cc chng trc ta tm c: VB1 = 4.9v VB2 = 10.8v IC1 # IC2 = 3.8mA

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

6.3 LIN KT DARLINGTON:

y l mt dng lin kt rt thng dng gia 2 transistor (BJT hoc FET) nh hnh 6.13 v tng ng nh hnh 6.14.

S lin kt gia 2 transistor nh vy tng ng vi mt transistor duy nht c li dng in l D = 1. 2 Nu hai transistor ng nht: 1 = 2 = th D = 2 Transistor Darlington: V dng lin kt ny rt thng dng v thch hp cho vic nng cng sut nn ngy nay ngi ta thng ch to cc lin kt ny di dng mt transistor duy nht gi l transistor darlington.

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

chung nn cng c tng tr vo ln, tng tr ra nh v li din th xp x 1.

6.4 LIN KT CP HI TIP:

Lin kt ny cng gm c 2 transistor v cng c dng gn ging nh lin kt Darlington nhng gm c 1 transistor PNP v mt transistor NPN.

Cng ging nh lin kt Darlington, cp hi tip s cho mt li dng in rt ln (bng tch li dng in ca 2 transistor). Mch thc t c dng nh hnh 6.17 - Tnh phn cc:

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

T suy ra c IC1, IB2, IC2 - Thng s xoay chiu: Mch tng ng xoay chiu

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

6.5 MCH CMOS:

Mt dng mch rt thng dng trong mch s l dng 2 E-MOSFET knh N v knh P lin kt vi nhau nh hnh 6.19 c gi l CMOS (complementaryMOSFET).

Trc khi i vo kho st hot ng ca CMOS, ta cn nh li hot ng ca EMOSFET. c tuyn truyn ca E-MOSFET knh N v knh P nh hnh 6.20 v 6.21. - E-MOSFET knh N, khi in th 0V p vo cng ngun, E-MOSFET knh N khng hot ng (ID = 0), Khi VGS >VGS(th) th E-MOSFET knh N mi hot ng. - E-MOSFET knh P, Khi VGS = 0 th E-MOSFET knh P cng ngng v ch hot ng khi VGS < VGS(th).
Phn tch mch CMOS

Ta xem mch CMOS iu hnh khi Vi = 0V hay khi Vi= +5V - Khi Vi = 0V c a vo cc cng ca CMOS . Vi Q1 (NMOS) VGS = 0 Q1 ngng . Vi Q2 (PMOS) VGS = -5V Q2 bo ha. Kt qu l V0 = 5V

- Khi Vi = +5V a vo . Vi Q1 (NMOS) VGS = 5V Q1 bo ha . Vi Q2 (PMOS) VGS = 0V Q2 ngng

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

Kt qu l V0 = 0V

6.6 MCH NGUN DNG IN:

Ngun dng in l mt b phn cp dng in mc song song vi in tr R gi l ni tr ca ngun. Mt ngun dng in l tng khi R = ( v s cung cp mt dng in l hng s).

Mt ngun dng in trong thc t c th c to bi FET, BJT hoc t hp ca 2 loi linh kin ny. Mch c th s dng linh kin ri hoc IC.

6.6.1 Ngun dng in dng JFET:

Dng n gin nh hnh 6.24

6.6.2 Dng BJT nh mt ngun dng in:

Mch c bn nh hnh 6.25

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

6.6.3 Ngun dng in dng BJT v zener:

6.7 MCH KHUCH I VISAI: (differential amplifier)

6.7.1 Dng mch cn bn:
Mt mch khuch i visai cn bn trng thi cn bng c dng nh hnh 6.27

- C 2 phng php ly tn hiu ra: . Phng php ng ra visai: Tn hiu c ly ra gia 2 cc thu. . Phng php ng ra n cc: Tn hiu c ly gia mt cc thu v mass. - Mch c phn cc bng 2 ngun in th i xng (m, dng) c cc in th cc nn bng 0volt. Ngi ta phn bit 3 trng hp: a/ Khi tn hiu vo v1 = v2 (cng bin v cng pha) Do mch i xng, tn hiu ng ra va = vb Nh vy: va = AC . v1 vb = AC . v2 Trong AC l khuch i ca mt transistor v c gi l li cho tn hiu chung (common mode gain). Do v1 = v2 nn va = vb. Vy tn hiu ng ra visai va - vb =0. b/ Khi tn hiu vo c dng visai:
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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

Lc ny v1 = -v2 (cng bin nhng ngc pha). Luc : va = -vb. Do v1 = -v2 nn khi Q1 chy mnh th Q2 chy yu v ngc li nn va vb. Ngi ta nh ngha: va - vb = AVS( v1 - v2 ) AVS c gi l li cho tn hiu visai (differential mode gain). Nh vy ta thy vi ng ra visai, mch ch khuch i tn hiu vo visai (khc nhau hai ng vo) m khng khuch i tn hiu vo chung (thnh phn ging nhau). c/ Trng hp tn hiu vo bt k: Ngi ta nh ngha: - Thnh phn chung ca v1 v v2 l:

- Thnh phn visai ca v1 v v2 l: vVS = v1 - v2 Thnh phn chung c khuch i bi AC (ng ra n cc) cn thnh phn visai c khuch i bi AVS. Thng thng |AVS| >>|AC|.

6.7.2 Mch phn cc:

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

Phng trnh ny xc nh im iu hnh trn ng thng ly in. Khi mch tun hon i xng, in th 2 chn B bng 0V nn:

6.7.3 Kho st thng s ca mch:

Ta th tm AC, AVS, tng tr vo chung ZC, tng tr vo visai ZVS. a/ Mch ch c tn hiu chung: Tc v1 = v2 v va = vb Do mch hon ton i xng, ta ch cn kho st na mch, nn ch v c 2 dng ie chy qua nn phi tng gp i RE.

Phn gii nh cc phn trc ta tm c:

b/ Mch ch c tn hiu visai: Tc v1 = -v2 v va = -vb Nh vy dng in tn hiu lun lun ngc chiu trong 2 transistor v do khng qua RE nn ta c th b RE khi tnh AVS v ZVS.

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

Ngi ta thng n tng tr gia 2 ng vo cho tn hiu visai hn l gia mt ng vo vi mass. Gi tr ny gi l ZVS. Khi c RB th ZVS = ZVS //2RB H thc ny chng t gia 2 ng vo ch c mt dng in duy nht chy qua. T ngi ta nh ngha:

c/ Mch c tn hiu tng hp: Vi v1, v2 bt k ta c c thnh phn chung vC v thnh phn visai AVS. - Nu ly tn hiu gia hai cc thu th thnh phn chung khng nh hng, tc l: va - vb = AVS( v1 - v2 ) - Nu ly tn hiu t mt trong hai cc thu xung mass:

Du - biu th hai thnh phn visai hai cc thu lun tri du nhau. d/ H s trut thi tn hiu chung 1: ( cng ln th thnh phn chung t nh hng n ng ra) e/ Phng php tng 1(ngun dng in) Mun tng 1 phi gim AC v tng AVS. Nh vy phi dng RE ln. Tuy nhin iu ny lm cho VCC v VEE cng phi ln. Phng php tt nht l dng ngun dng in. Ngun dng in thay cho RE phi c 2 c tnh: - Cp 1 dng in khng i. - Cho 1 tng tr ZS nhn t cc thu ca Q3 ln thay RE.

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6.7.4 Trng thi mt cn bng:

Khi mch mt cn bng th khng cn duy tr c s i xng. Hu qu trm trng nht l thnh phn chung c th to ra tn hiu visai ng ra. * Mt s nguyn nhn chnh: - Cc linh kin th ng nh in tr, t in ... khng tht s bng nhau v ng cht. - Cc linh kin tc ng nh diode, transistor.. khng hon ton ging nhau. * Bin php n nh: - La chn tht k linh kin. - Gi dng in phn cc nh sai s v in tr to ra in th visai nh. - Thit k (1 c tr s tht ln. - Thm bin tr RE cn bng dng in phn cc. - Ch to theo phng php vi mch.

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

BI TP CUI CHNG VI
Bi 1: Tnh tng tr vo, tng tr ra v li in th ca mch in hnh 6.33

Bi 2: Lp li bi 1 vi mch in hnh 6.34

Bi 3: Trong mch in hnh 6.35 1/ Xc nh in th phn cc VB1, VB2, VC2 2/ Xc nh li in th

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Chng 6: Cc dng lin kt ca BJT v FET

Bi 4: Tnh li in th ca mch hnh 6.36

Bi 5: cho mch in hnh 6.37. Zener c VZ = 4.7V.

Bi 6: Trong mch in hnh 6.38 1/ Tnh in th phn cc VC1, VC2. 2/ Xc nh li in th

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