局域网组网技术

2010 8
1 ............................................................................ 1
1.1 ...............................................................................................
1.1.1 ...............................................................................................
1.1.2 ...............................................................................................
1.2 ...................................................................................................
1.2.1 ...................................................................................................
1.2.2 .......................................................................................................
1.2.3 .......................................................................................................
1.2.4 .......................................................................................................
1.3 ...........................................................................................................
1.3.1 ....................................................................
1.3.2 ....................................................................
1.3.3 ....................................................................
1.3.4 ...........................................................................................
1.4 ...................................................................................................
1.4.1 ............................................................................
1.4.2 TCP/IP ...........................................................................................
1.5 .......................................................................................................
1.5.1 CSMA ....................................................................................
1.5 ...........................................................................................................
1.5.1 ............................................................................
1.5.2 ............................................................................
1.5.3 ....................................................................................
1.6 VLAN WLAN...................................................................................................
1.6.1 VLAN........................................................................................
1.6.2 WLAN....................................................................................
1.7 ........................................................................................
1.7.1 ........................................................................................
1.7.2 ...............................................................................................
1.7.3 ...............................................................................................
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
6
6
6
7
9
9
10
10
11
12
13
13
16
17
17
17
20
2 ......................................................................... 23
2.1 .......................................................................................................
2.1.1 ...............................................................................................
2.1.2 ...................................................................................................
2.2 ...............................................................................................................
2.2.1 Windows ....................................................................
23
23
24
25
25
3 ................................................................. 36
3.1 ...............................................................................................
3.2 ............................................................................
3.2.1 UNlX ........................................................................................
36
37
37
3.2.2 Netware.......................................................................................................
3.2.3 Windows NT Server....................................................................................
3.2.4 Windows 2000 Server................................................................................
3.2.5 Windows Server 2003 ....................................................................
5.2.6 Linux...........................................................................................................
3.3 Windows 2000 server ................................................................................
3.3.1 Windows 2000....................................................................................
3.3.2 Windows 2000 Server .....................................................
3.3.3 ................................................................................
3.3.4 Windows 2000 Server .....................................................
3.3.5 ....................................................................................
3.4 ...............................................................................................
3.4.1 ................................................................................
3.4.2 ...............................................................................................
3.4.3 ...................................................................................................
3.4.4 ........................................................................................
3.4.5 ...........................................................................................
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
41
43
44
44
46
46
46
47
49
50
4 .................................................................... 51
4.1 DNS...............................................................................................................
4.1.1 DNS ....................................................................
4.1.2 DNS ....................................................................................
4.1.3 DNS ....................................................................
4.1.4 WINS ............................................................................
4.1.5 DNS ............................................................................
4.2 Internet ....................................................................................
4.2.1 WEBFTP .........................................................
4.2.2 WEB FTP .................................................................
51
51
54
55
61
63
65
65
70
5 ......................................................................... 79
5.1 .......................................................................................................
5.1.1 ..........................................................................................
5.1.2 .................................................
5.2 .......................................................................................................
5.2.1 ....................................................................................
5.2.2 ........................................................................................
5.2.3 ........................................................................................
5.2.4 ....................................................................................
5.2.5 .................................................................
5.3 ...........................................................................................................
5.3.1 ...............................................................................................
5.3.2 ...........................................................................................
5.3.3 ...........................................................................................
5.3.4 ...........................................................................................
5.4 --VPN ........................................................................................
79
79
80
83
83
84
84
87
89
89
89
90
91
92
93
5.4.1 VPN ....................................................................................

5.4.2 VPN ....................................................................................
5.4.3 VPN ...............................................................................................
93
94
94
1.1
1.1.1
(local area network LAN)
(hub) (LAN switch)
l-l
1-1 hub/LAN switch
(l)
hub LAN switch
(2)
1.1.2
(1)
b
1-1 b c a
c
(2)
(modem)
modem Internet
1.2
( )
1-2
1-2
1.2.1
(1)
" "( )
(2)
(3) .
20 80 20 90
(Token Bus)
(Ethernet)
1.2.2
MAU(multiple access unit) MAU
(1)

(2)
(3)
(Token Ring)
(fiber distributed data interface FDDI)
1.2.3
hub (LAN switch)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(fast Ethernet FE) (gigabit Ethernet GE)
1.2.4
(1)
(2)
4
+ + 4
1.3
1.3.1
1.
1-1
2.
3
(extended LAN)
1.3.2
1-3
1-3
2
1-4
1-4 LAN
1.3.3
1
(
1-5 S D
4
1-5
2
1-5
1-6
1-6
1-6 S D S
LAN 2 (CPU)
( ) 5
5 1-28
MAC ( MAC )
1.3.4
1
( )
(1) IEEE802.3
(2) IEEE802.4 IEEE802.5
2 Windows Netware LinuxX
Windows NT
Windows 2000 Netware UNIX Linux

3
(WirelessLAN WLAN)
(1)
(2)
(virtual LAN VLAN)
1.4
1.4.1
1
" "
1-7
)1
(
2
1-7
1-7
A. 1
B. 2
C.
D.
1 A B C D
2 D C B A
(
)
( )
1 (International Standards Organization ISO)

(American National Standards Institute ANSI)
(Open System Interconnection OSI)
2 (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer IEEE)IEEE
IEEE802
802.3(CSMA/CD) 802.5(Token Ring)

3 (Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPA)
TCP/IP
1.4.2 TCP/IP
Internet
Internet
TCP/IP
TCP( ) IP( TCP/IP
Internet TCP/IP TCP/IP 20 60
OSI OSI
TCP/IP ( 1-8 )
(Internet )
7
1-8 TCP/IP
1
TCP/IP
OSI
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
TCP/IP (Ethernet) (Token Ring)
TCP/IP (Frame Replay) ATM
2
( )
4 IP( ) ICMP(Internet )
IGMP(Internet ) ARP( )
IP
ICMP
Ping Tracert ICMP

IGMP
ARP IP
3
TCP( ) UDP( )
TCP
TCP
UDP
UDP
4
TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP
(Telnet) (FTP)
(SMTP) (DNS)
1.5
(carrier sense multi access CSMA)
1.5.1 CSMA
CSMA
(
" )
)
(1) 1-
CSMA
(2)
CSMA
(3) -CSMA
CSMA
(
-
)
CSMA
1-
CSMA
A
CSMA
B
CSMA
CSMA(CSMA with collision detection) CSMA/CD

(listen while talking)
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD 1-9
1-9 CSMA/CD
?
( )
CSMA/CD
1.5
1.5.1
1
(reconciliation sublayer RS) MAC
MAC 4b
MAC
2
(medium independent interface MII)
18
( )
4b 2.5MHz( l0Mb/s ) 25MHz( 100Mb/s
)
3
(physical coding sublayer PCS)
(1)4B/5B5
4B/5B
10
4b 5b
(2)8B/6T4 3
8B/6T
4b 6b
4
(3)PAM55
3
PAM554
4
(physical medium attachment sublayer PMAS)
ANSI
10b (TBI)
5
(physical medium dependent sublayer PMDS)
(
6
" "
AutoNeg
7
(medium dependent interface MDI)
RJ-45 BNC T
ST/SC
1.5.2
1-12
11
1-12
1 100Base-TX(5 )
100Base-TX 5 (UTP) ( 1 2 )
( 3 6 ) ( 10Base-T )
100Base-TX 4B/5B PCS
100Base--TX
(DTE)
4b 5b 4B/5B
RFI/EMI
125MHz
(MLT-3) 31.25MHz(
125/4MHz)
2 100Base-FX( )
100Base-FX
10OBase-TX
100Base--FX 4B/5B
125MHz RFI/EMI
MLT-3
3 100Base-T4(3 )
100Base-T4 3
( 1 2/4 5/7 8
) ( 3 6 )
3 6/4 5/7 8 100Base-T4 8B/6T
3 100Mb ( )
4b
6b 3 (
1 2/4 5/7 8 )
4 100Base-T2(3 )
100Base-T2 3
100Base-T2 PAM55( )
(
4b
)
4b 3 100Mb/s
100Base-T2
100Base-T
l00m
100Base-F
l0Base-T
1.5.3
IEEE802.3
(l)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)MAU (MJLP) MAU MJLP
12
( 4~7.5ms )
I
I 140
46 (100Base-X) 67 (l00Base-T4)
(1)
(uplink port) I
(2) 100Base-X
100Base-T4
I
(3) I
I
(chassis--based)
(4)I
1.6 VLAN WLAN
(wireless LAN WLAN)

(virtual LAN VLAN) WLAN
VLAN
1.6.1 VLAN
( /
)
VLAN

LAN
VLAN LAN 1-13
13
1-13 VLAN
1-13 3 LAN LAN A LAN B LAN C LAN A 3
A1 A2 A3 LAN B B1 B2 B3 LAN C C1 C2 C3
3 LAN 9 3 VLAN VLAN1 VLAN2 VLAN3
VLAN LAN
VLAN LAN
(1) LAN
VLANLAN
VLAN
(2) VLANLAN
LAN
VLAN
1 VLAN
LAN LAN
VLAN ?VLAN
(1) VLAN
LAN
LAN
LAN
(2) VLAN
(3)VLAN LAN VLANVLAN

VLAN
VLAN
VLAN
2 VLAN
VLAN
3 MAC IP
1 VLAN
VLAN
LAN
VLAN port based 1-14 VLANx 1 2 4 VLANy
3 5 6 7 8 1 2 4 VLANx
3 5 6 7 8 VLANy
14
1-14 VLAN
2 MAC VLAN
VLANMAC
MAC
VLAN1-15VLANx MAC A B C E VLANy
D F G H MAC MAC
VLAN
1-15 MAC VLAN

3 IPVLAN
IP
VLANIP
VLAN 1-16 VLANx 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 20.1.1.1

20.1.1.2 VLANy 30.1.1.1 30.1.1.2 30.1.1.3 30.1.1.4 IP
VLAN
15
1-16 IPVLAN
1.6.2 WLAN
WLAN
WLAN
WLAN WLAN
1 WLAN
WLAN
1
1-17(a)
(AccessPoint AP) 3
1)
2)
3)
1-17(b)
16
1-17WLAN
1.7
TCP/IP
1.7.1
(Point to Point
protocol PPP)
1 PPP
PPP PDU( IP
PPP
)
ISP ISP PPP
2 PPP
PPP PDU
PPP
PDU PPP PDU
(network control protocol NCP NCP
IP IPCP IPX IPXCP PPP

(PSTN/ISDN/ADSL/DDN
(link control protocol LCP) PPP
NCP LCP
1.7.2
1 IP
IPIP
IP
IP
17
IP
IP
IPMAC (binding)
( WWWFTPE-mail ) IP
IP MAC
PDU IP
1 IP
IP 32 IP
(host-id)
(net-id)
IPIP
1-18
1-18 IP
IPIP
IP
IPIPIP
2 IP(subnet mask)
(host-id) (net-id)
IPIPIP
1-19(a)
?
IP
?
IP
1-19"1" "0" "1"

"0"
18
1-19
B IP 140.50.0.0 2
22=4
140.50.1.0 140.50.2.0 140.50.3.0 140.50.4.0
IP 140.50.1.l
IP
B
255.255.0.0 IP
140.50.0.0
0000000100000001(257)IP140.50.1.1 140.50.0.0
257
3 IP
IP
IP
IP
net-id
Subnet-id IP ( IP )
IP
2 IP
IP
IPIP
IPIP
IP
IP
IP
IP
IP 4
(1)
( ) (direct
routing)
(2)
IP
(host-specific routing)
(3)
(network-specific
routing)
(4)
(default
route) 0.0.0.0
4
4 4
19
IPIP
IP
IP
IP
1.7.3
1 UDP
1 UDP
UDP PDU (user datagram) UDP
( TCP/IP PDU ) UDP 1-20
1-20 UDP
UDP
1) UDP 0
2) UDP
3) UDP . 8
UDP
4)
IP
5) UDP
6) 16b 0
2 UDP
UDP UDP PDU
TCP
UDP
UDP
UDP
UDP
TFTP(tiny file transfer protocol)
RIP(routing information protocol)
2 TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP. TCP
TCPTCP ( ) (
TCP
)
1 TCP
20
TCP1-21
1-21 TCP
2 TCP
TCP
? TCP
TCP
TCP" "
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCPTCP ?TCP
1)TCP( SYN )
TCP
TCP
TCP
SYN
SYN
2)TCP SYN TCPSYN+ACK

SYN
SYN+ACK = +1
3) TCP SYN+ACK TCP ACK
SYN+ACK
ACK = +1
ACK
1-22
21
1-22
A- B B A
(l)TCPFIN
(2) TCPFIN ACK FIN +1
(3) TCPFIN
(4) ACK
FIN ACK
=FIN +1
1-23
1-23
22
2.1
2.1.1
(TP Twisted Pair wire)
22 26
( )
12.7cm
38.1cm 14cm
(UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair)
(STP Shielded Twisted Pair)
100Mbps155Mbps
100 155Mbps
1
EIA/TIA
1MHz4Mbps
4Mbps
23
ANSI EIA/TIA568
16MHz 10Mbps 10base-T
20MHz 16Mbps
10base-T/100base-T
100MHz
100Mbps100base-T
10base-T
2
1
(Attenuation)
"db"
2
(FEXT) NEXT
FEXT
(NEXT) UTP
UTP NEXT
NEXT
40
NEXT40
NEXT
NEXT
3
11801 19.2 ( 0.1

)
4
1 100MHz
100 120 150

5 (ACR)
ACR
NEXT
(SNR Signal-Notice ratio)
ACR 10
6
SNR
SNR
SNR
2.1.2
24
1
62.5/125m 8/125m 11dB
2
1 62.5/125um 50/125um
GB/T 12357 Alb Ala
850nm 3.5dB/km 20
200MHzkm 20
1300nm 1 dB/km 20
500MHzkm 20
2 GB/T 9771 B1.1
1310nm 1550nm 1 dB/km 1280nm
1310nm 6PS/KMnm 1550nm 20PS/KMnm
3 0.5 dB 20 dB 26 dB
2.2
2.2.1 Windows
ipconfig /all
ipconfig /renew
Ping
Arp
nbtstat NetBIOS
netstat
tracert
pathping
25
ipconfig /all
TCP/IP TCP/IP
ipconfig IP
Windows 95 Windows 98 winipcfg
ipconfig
/all ipconfig
ipconfig /all
TCP/IP TCP/IP
IP IP
0.0.0.0
ipconfig /all DHCP
TCP/IP WINS DNS
Windows 2000 IP Configuration
Node Type.. . . . . . . . Hybrid
IP Routing Enabled.. . . . No
WINS Proxy Enabled.. . . . No
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection
Host Name.. . . . . . . . corp1.microsoft.com
DNS Servers . . . . . . . 10.1.0.200
Description. . . . . . . 3Com 3C90x Ethernet Adapter
Physical Address. . . . . 00-60-08-3E-46-07
DHCP Enabled.. . . . . . . Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled. Yes
IP Address. . . . . . . . . 192.168.0.112
Subnet Mask. . . . . . . . 255.255.0.0
Default Gateway. . . . . . 192.168.0.1
DHCP Server. . . . . . . . 10.1.0.50
Primary WINS Server. . . . 10.1.0.101
Secondary WINS Server. . . 10.1.0.102
Lease Obtained.. . . . . . Wednesday September 02 1998 10 32 13 AM
Lease Expires.. . . . . . Friday September 18 1998 10 32 13 AM
TCP/IP TCP/IP
2
ipconfig /renew
TCP/IP TCP/IP
DHCP DHCP ipconfig /renew
ipconfig /renew DHCP

DHCP
/release ipconfig DHCP
26
DHCP
DHCP Windows 95 Windows 98 winipcfg
release renew ipconfig /release ipconfig /renew
IP
3
Ping
Ping IP Ping
IP ICMP TCP/IP
Ping Ping
Ping
IP Ping IP
ping IP_address
Ping
Ping TCP/IP
ping 127.0.0.1
Ping IP
ping IP_address_of_local_host
Ping IP
ping IP_address_of_default_gateway
Ping IP
ping IP_address_of_remote_host
Ping Windows IP
Ping
Arp
Ping
TCP/IP
Internet (TCP/IP) IP
IP
Ping
(TTL)
ping -?
ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l length] [-f] [-i ttl] [-v tos] [-r count] [-s count]
<-j computer-list] | [-k computer-list> [-w timeout] destination-list
Options
-t Ping the specified host until stopped.To see statistics and continue type Control-Break;To stop - type Control-C.
ping Control-C
-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.

NetBios
C >ping -a 192.168.1.21
Pinging iceblood.yofor.com [192.168.1.21] with 32 bytes of data
Reply from 192.168.1.21 bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=254
27

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.21
Packets
Sent = 4
Received = 4
Lost = 0 (0%
loss) Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds
Minimum = 0ms Maximum = 0ms Average = 0ms
IP 192.168.1.21 NetBios
iceblood.yofor.com
-n count Number of echo requests to send.
count Echo
50
C >ping -n 50 202.103.96.68
Pinging 202.103.96.68 with 32 bytes of data
Reply from 202.103.96.68 bytes=32 time=50ms TTL=241
Request timed out.

Packets
Sent = 50
Received = 48
Lost = 2 (4%
loss) Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds
202.103.96.68 50 48
48 40ms
51ms46ms
-l size Send buffer size.
echo
windows ping 32byt
65500byt
65500byt Windows
65532
ping
-t
C >ping -l 65500 -t 192.168.1.21

28
192.168.1.21 65500byt
10 ping Win2000Pro
5
HTTP FTP
-f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.
-i TTL Time To Live.

TTL
-v TOS Type Of Service.

tos
-r count Record route for count hops.
9
9
C >ping -n 1 -r 9 202.96.105.101 9
Route 202.107.208.187 ->
202.107.210.214 ->
61.153.112.70 ->
61.153.112.89 ->
202.96.105.149 ->
202.96.105.97 ->
202.96.105.101 ->
202.96.105.150 ->
61.153.112.90
Packets Sent = 1 Received = 1 Lost = 0 (0% loss)
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds
202.96.105.101
202.107.208.187
202.107.210.214
61.153.112.70
61.153.112.89 202.96.105.149 202.96.105.97

-s count Timestamp for count hops.
count
-r
4
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
computer-list
29
IP 9
-k host-list Strict source route along host-list.
computer-list
IP 9
-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.
ping
ping TTL
Windows UNIX/Linux
Windows TTL 100-130 UNIX/Linux
TTL 240-255 TTL
Windows
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControlSet Services

Tcpip Parameters]
"DefaultTTL"=dword 000000ff
255---FF
128---80
64----40
32----20
4
Arp
(ARP)
IP ARP IP
ARP
arp ARP arp
ARP
5
nbtstat
NetBIOS
TCP/IP NetBIOS (NetBT) NetBIOS IP TCP/IP

NetBIOS WINS
DNS Lmhosts
Nbtstat NetBIOS nbtstat
nbtstat -n
nbtstat -c
NetBIOS
nbtstat -R Lmhosts
nbtstat -RR WINS NetBIOS
nbtstat -a name name NetBIOS

NetBIOS
30
nbtstat -S NetBIOS
NetBIOS connection table
Local name State In/out Remote Host Input Output
----------------------------------------------------------------- CORP1 <00> Connected Out CORPSUP1<20> 6MB 5MB
CORP1 <00> Connected Out CORPPRINT<20> 108KB 116KB
CORP1 <00> Connected Out CORPSRC1<20> 299KB 19KB
CORP1 <00> Connected Out CORPEMAIL1<20> 324KB 19KB
CORP1 <03> Listening
6
netstat
netstat TCP/IP netstat -a

netstat -r netstat -e Ethernet
netstat -s netstat -n
netstat
C \>netstat -e
Interface Statistics
Received Sent
Bytes 3995837940 47224622
Unicast packets 120099 131015
Non-unicast packets 7579544 3823
Discards 0 0
Errors 0 0
Unknown protocols 363054211
C \>netstat -a
Active Connections
Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP CORP1 1572 172.16.48.10 nbsession ESTABLISHED
UDP CORP1 1025 **
UDP CORP1 snmp * *
UDP CORP1 nbname * *
UDP CORP1 nbdatagram * *
UDP CORP1 nbname * *
31
UDP CORP1 nbdatagram * *

C \>netstat -s
IP Statistics
Packets Received = 5378528
Received Header Errors = 738854
Received Address Errors = 23150
Datagrams Forwarded = 0
Unknown Protocols Received = 0
Received Packets Discarded = 0
Received Packets Delivered = 4616524
Output Requests = 132702
Routing Discards = 157
Discarded Output Packets = 0
Output Packet No Route = 0
Reassembly Required = 0
Reassembly Successful = 0
Reassembly Failures =
Datagrams Successfully Fragmented = 0
Datagrams Failing Fragmentation = 0
Fragments Created = 0
ICMP Statistics
Received Sent
Messages 693 4
Errors 0 0
Destination Unreachable 685 0
Time Exceeded 0 0
Parameter Problems 0 0
Source Quenches 0 0
Redirects 0 0
Echoes 4 0
Echo Replies 0 4
Timestamps 0 0
Timestamp Replies 0 0
Address Masks 0 0
Address Mask Replies 0 0
TCP Statistics
Active Opens = 597
Passive Opens = 135
Failed Connection Attempts = 107
Reset Connections = 91
32
Current Connections = 8
Segments Received = 106770
Segments Sent = 118431
Segments Retransmitted = 461
UDP Statistics
Datagrams Received = 4157136
No Ports = 351928
Receive Errors = 2
Datagrams Sent = 13809
7 tracert
Tracert IP
Tracert IP (TTL) ICMP
Tracert
IP (TTL) Internet (ICMP)
Tracert
TTL 1 TTL 0
ICMP
Tracert TTL 1 TTL
1 TTL
ICMP TTL
Tracert
Tracert ICMP
-d Tracert IP DNS
10.0.0.1 192.168.0.1
172.16.0.99 10.0.0.1 192.168.0.0 IP
192.168.0.1
C \>tracert 172.16.0.99 -d
Tracing route to 172.16.0.99 over a maximum of 30 hops
1 2s 3s 2s 10 0.0 1
2 75 ms 83 ms 88 ms 192.168.0.1
3 73 ms 79 ms 93 ms 172.16.0.99
Trace complete.
tracert
tracert
192.168.10.99 192.168.10.0
IP
C \>tracert 192.168.10.99
Tracing route to 192.168.10.99 over a maximum of 30 hops
1 10.0.0.1 reportsestination net unreachable.
Trace complete.
Tracert
33
Tracert
Tracert
tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name

-d IP
-h maximum_hops target_name
-j host-list Tracert
-w timeout timeout
target_name IP
tracert
8
pathping
pathping ping tracert

pathping
-n
Hostnames
-h
Maximum hops
-g
Host-list
-p
Period
ping
-q
Num_queries
-w
Time-out
-T Layer 2 tag 2 IEEE 802.1p

2
-T (QoS)
-R RSVP isbase Che
(RSVP) -R
(QoS)
30 3 250
100
pathping
D \>pathping -n msw
Tracing route to msw [7.54.1.196]
over a maximum of 30 hops
0 172.16.87.35
1 172.16.87.218
2 192.68.52.1
3 192.68.80.1
4 7.54.247.14
5 7.54.1.196
Computing statistics for 125 seconds...
Source to Here This Node/Link
34
Hop RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address

0 172.16.87.35
0/ 100 = 0% |
1 41ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% 172.16.87.21813/ 100 = 13% |
2 22ms 16/ 100 = 16% 3/ 100 = 3% 192.68.52.10/ 100 = 0% |
3 24ms 13/ 100 = 13% 0/ 100 = 0% 192.68.80.1 0/ 100 = 0% |
4 21ms 14/ 100 = 14% 1/ 100 = 1% 10.54.247.14 0/ 100 = 0% |
5 24ms 13/ 100 = 13% 0/ 100 = 0% 10.54.1.196
Trace complete.
pathping tracert
pathping 125
pathping
This Node/Link Lost/Sent=Pct Address
172.16.87.218 1 192.68.52.1 2 13%

2 4 This
Node /Link
|
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RADIUS (
) RADIUS RADIUS
VPN RADIUS RAS
VPN RADIUS
RADIUS RADIUS
( IP
) RAS VPN

4 (Encrytion)
Internet
VPN

;
95

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2010 8

5.4.1 VPN ....................................................................................

1-1 hub/LAN switch

hub LAN switch

MAU(multiple access unit) MAU

hub (LAN switch)

(fast Ethernet FE) (gigabit Ethernet GE)

Windows 2000 Netware UNIX Linux

1 (International Standards Organization ISO)

(Open System Interconnection OSI)

2 (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer IEEE)IEEE

802.3(CSMA/CD) 802.5(Token Ring)

Ping Tracert ICMP

(carrier sense multi access CSMA)

CSMA(CSMA with collision detection) CSMA/CD

1.6 VLAN WLAN

(wireless LAN WLAN)

(3)VLAN LAN VLANVLAN

1-15 MAC VLAN

VLAN 1-16 VLANx 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 20.1.1.1

(network control protocol NCP NCP

IP IPCP IPX IPXCP PPP

1-19"1" "0" "1"

2)TCP SYN TCPSYN+ACK

(UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair)

(STP Shielded Twisted Pair)

11801 19.2 ( 0.1

100 120 150

ipconfig /renew DHCP

-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.

Reply from 192.168.1.21 bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=254

Reply from 202.103.96.68 bytes=32 time=50ms TTL=241

C >ping -l 65500 -t 192.168.1.21

-f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.

-i TTL Time To Live.

-v TOS Type Of Service.

61.153.112.89 202.96.105.149 202.96.105.97

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControlSet Services

TCP/IP NetBIOS (NetBT) NetBIOS IP TCP/IP

nbtstat -RR WINS NetBIOS

nbtstat -a name name NetBIOS

netstat TCP/IP netstat -a

UDP CORP1 nbdatagram * *

pathping ping tracert

-T Layer 2 tag 2 IEEE 802.1p

Hop RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address

This Node/Link Lost/Sent=Pct Address

172.16.87.218 1 192.68.52.1 2 13%

Windows 2000 server

Windows 2000 server

Nework Opmting System NOS

UNIX AT&T UNIX V

MSDOS OS/2 Macintosh WIX

3.2.3 Windows NT Server

Windows NT 1988 1996

3.2.4 Windows 2000 Server

Windows 2000Advanced Server

Windows 2000Datacenter Sewer

FAT FAT32 NTFS 3 FAT32 NTFS

3.2.5 Windows Server 2003

TCP/IP SLIP PPP

3.3 Windows 2000 server

Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

3.3.2 Windows 2000 Server