Tacoma and Seattle AreaAir Toxics Evaluation
October 29, 2010Produced cooperatively byThe Puget Sound Clean Air Agency and the University of WashingtonFunded by United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Puget SoundClean Air Agency under Grant Agreement XA96069801Project Manager Principal InvestigatorMike Gilroy and Kathy Himes Strange Michael Yost, PhDPuget Sound Clean Air Agency University of Washington1904 Third Avenue, Suite 105 1959 NE Pacific St., HSB F225Seattle, WA 98101 Seattle, WA 98195
Acknowledgements and Contact
We would like to thank the EPA for funding this valuable work. We also would like to acknowledge theefforts made by the staff at the University of Washington for working on weekends, holidays, and latenights to sample and analyze data. We want to thank Dr. Tim Larson, Dr. Mike Yost, and Dr. ChrisSimpson and their staff Jenna Armstrong, Jake Braden, Eric Coker, Rob Crampton, Cole Fitzpatrick,Yuh-Chi Niou, Gretchen Onstad, Ji Hyun Park, Miyoko Sasakura, and Maria Tchong-French. The entiremonitoring group at the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency pitched in to make this project a success underthe leadership of Erik Saganic and Matt Harper.We also would like to thank those who provided valuable comments including: Gary Palcisko, MattKadlec, and Qing Chen at the Washington State Department of Ecology; Judy Bardin from theWashington State Department of Health; Rick Hardy with the Idaho State Department of EnvironmentalQuality; and Rob Elleman, Bob Kotchenruther, Keith Rose, and Julie Wroble of EPA Region 10.For more information about this report, please contact Erik Saganic at (206) 689-4003,eriks@pscleanair.org.
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Table of Contents
Executive Summary.........................................................................................................ES-1 – ES-71. Introduction..................................................................................................................................12. Air Monitoring Methodology.......................................................................................................32.1. Fixed Sites...........................................................................................................................32.2. Fixed Site Pollutants and Methods......................................................................................62.3. Mobile Air Monitoring Methods.........................................................................................93. Monitoring Results.....................................................................................................................113.1. Fixed Sites Monitoring Results.........................................................................................133.1.1. Data Review and Non-Detects..............................................................................133.1.2. Statistical Methodology.........................................................................................143.1.3. Summary of Results..............................................................................................153.1.4. Levoglucosan Analysis.........................................................................................293.1.5. Comparison of Beacon Hill Results with Historic Results...................................383.2. Mobile Monitoring: MIMS...............................................................................................393.2.1. Intro/Background..................................................................................................393.2.2. Methods and Materials..........................................................................................393.2.3. Results and Discussion..........................................................................................413.3. Mobile Monitoring of Particles.........................................................................................474. Health Risk Screening and Priority Air Toxics..........................................................................564.1. Carcinogenic Health Screening: Unit Risk Factors...........................................................574.1.1. Wood Smoke Unit Risk Factor.............................................................................584.1.2. Diesel Particulate Matter Unit Risk Factor...........................................................594.2. Carcinogenic Risk Ranking...............................................................................................614.2.1. Cancer Risk Ranking for Air Toxics Measured at Multiple Sites.........................614.2.2. PM
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Metals and Hexavalent Chromium at Beacon Hill......................................634.2.3. Comprehensive Cancer Risk — with Diesel Particulate and Wood Smoke.........634.3. Non-carcinogenic Screening – Reference Concentrations................................................684.4. Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Ranking...........................................................................695. Comparison to Modeled Concentrations....................................................................................696. Findings and Limitations..............................................................................................................736.1 Findings................................................................................................................................736.2 Limitations and Uncertainties..............................................................................................76References........................................................................................................................................78
List of Appendices
Appendix A: Fixed Monitoring Site Descriptions........................................................................A-1Appendix B: Approved Quality Assurance Project Plan..............................................................B-1Appendix C: Risk Analysis Methods............................................................................................C-1Appendix D: Mobile Monitoring of Airborne Particles and Gases..............................................D-1Appendix E: ANOVA Results......................................................................................................E-1
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