D n tt nghip

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CHUONG 3: THIET KE BNH DO TUYEN.
3.1. Nguyn tc thit k.
Thit k bnh d phai tun thu cc nguyn tc:
1) Vach tuyn phai di qua cc dim khng ch.
2) Thit k bnh d dam bao phi hop giua cc yu t trn bnh d: giua cc doan
thng - doan cong v giua cc doan cong voi nhau.
3) Phi hop cc yu t mt ct doc v bnh d.
4) Phi hop giua tuyn v cng trnh.
5) Phi hop giua tuyn v canh quan.
3.2. Xc d|nh cc dim khng ch.
Tuyn thit k c dim khng ch bao gm:
1) Dim du tuyn giao voi Quc l 14B
2) Dim cui tuyn Thi trn A nghia.
3) Dim vuot sng, dim tu thuy thun loi.
Khu vuc tuyn c diu kin v dia cht, dia cht thuy vn thun loi khng c
cc doan dia cht xu dc bit (dt yu, dm ly, truot lo), khng giao ct cc cng
trnh giao thng khc, khng c khu dn cu nn khng c nhung dim cn trnh.
3.3. Quan dim thit k - xc d|nh buc compa.
3.3.1. Quan dim thit k.
Vach tuyn trn bnh d bt du tu vic xy dung cc duong dn huong tuyn
chung cho ton tuyn v cho tung doan tuyn cuc b tuy theo dia hnh theo nhung
nguyn tc sau:
1) Dia hnh dng bng, thung lung, lng chao cao nguyn bng phng, vng di thoai
duong dn tuyn vach theo "li di tuyn tu do", c bm st duong chim bay, nn tn
dung nhung doan thng cho php chiu di lon nht nho hon 4 6km ni voi nhau
bng nhung doan cong nm c bn knh lon, c th su dung d dc doc nho.
2) Duong dn huong tuyn trong truong hop g b v trc doc th duoc vach theo
duong trin tuyn c d dc du voi d dc gioi han.
4) Duong dn huong tuyn trong truong hop g b v bnh d th nn lm theo duong
cng cao d (duong dng muc) voi d dc ln xung cht t dam bao yu cu thot
D n tt nghip
SVTH: V Dai Php, lop 24x3 Trang 2
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nuoc trn duong, duong dn huong tuyn cung c th l thung lung doc ven sng sui
hoc suon ni.
Mt s ch khi su dung cc li di tuyn khc nhau:
* Phai dam bao dt tuyn trn muc nuoc ngp v ma lu, trnh vng dm ly yu v
su xi l bo sng, trnh un luon qu nhiu theo sng sui m khng dam bao su du
dn cua tuyn.
* Nu tuyn di theo duong phn thuy, t lm cng trnh thot nuoc v diu kin thot
nuoc tt, thuong duoc dng o nhung vng di thoai, noi dinh di, ni phng t li lm
v dia cht n dinh.
* Truong hop tuyn di lung chung di ni nn chon nhung suon di t quanh co, thoai,
dia cht n dinh, duong dn huong tuyn s duoc xc dinh theo d dc du voi d dc
chi dao.
3.3.2. Xc d|nh buc compa l.
D xc dinh vi tr duong dn huong tuyn dc du trn bnh d dng buoc compa c
dinh c chiu di:
M i
h
l
d
1

= (mm) (1.3.1)
Trong d:
h: Chnh lch giua hai duong dng muc gn nhau, h = 8000mm.
I
d
= (0,9 0,95)i
dmax
().
i
dmax
: D dc doc lon nht cho php di voi cp duong (), i
dmax
= 23.
i
d
= 0,950,023 = 0,02185.

M
1
: Ty l ban d,
20000
1 1
=
M
.
Thay cc s liu vo cng thuc (1.3.1): ) ( 88 . 22
20000
1
02185 , 0
10000
mm l = = .
3.4. Lp cc dung dn hung tuyn.
Duong dn huong tuyn l duong ni cc doan thng tao thnh mt duong
suon theo mt quan dim thit k k thut do nguoi thit k vach ra. Di voi dia hnh
dng bng v di, duong dn huong tuyn duoc vach theo li di tuyn tu do, duong
dn huong tuyn thuong l duong chim bay giua cc dim khng ch hoc c gng
bm st duong chim bay d giam chiu di tuyn. Ch noi c do su, dp cao hoc
o nhung doan cn truyn tuyn th c gng bm theo mt d dc no d, trnh su dung
D n tt nghip
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nhung tiu chun ghoi han, nn tn dung nhung doan thng cho php chiu di lon
nht nho hon 4 6 km, duoc ni voi nhau bng nhung duong cong nm c bn knh
lon.
Trong d n, c nhung duong phn thuy r rng, dia hnh thoai, c d dc
ngang nho, tn dung di tuyn d tn dung nhung uu dim trong truong hop ny nhu
han ch duoc cng trnh thot nuoc, ch d thuy nhit tt hon. C nhung doan nn
bm theo cc duong dng muc d giam khi luong do dp.
3.5. Cc phuong n tuyn.
Dng cch di buoc compa d xc dinh vach cc duong tuyn tha mn cc chi
tiu k thut trn bnh d.
- Phuong n 1: tuyn duoc vach theo huong di duoi duong dng muc 90m. Tu
dim du tuyn (Quc l 1B4) ln cao dn, sau d un luon theo dia hnh, bm theo
duong dng muc 90m d trnh ct dia hnh v giam khi luong do dp, qua hai
duong cong cng chiu chiu ri vuot sng, tuyn di ln pha trn di.
- Phuong n 2: phuong n ny cung su dung cch di tuyn nhu phuong n 1, di
duoi duong dng muc 90m, qua sng di xung pha duoi di.
- Phuong n 3: tuyn duoc vach theo huong di duoi duong dng muc 100m.
Tu dim du tuyn (Quc l 14B) ln cao dn, sau d un luon theo dia hnh v bm
theo duong dng muc 100m qua hai duong cong nguoc chiu ri vuot sng. Sau khi
qua sng, tuyn di xung pha trn di.
- Phuong n 4: tuyn duoc vach un luon duoi duong dng muc 100m. Tu
dim du tuyn (Quc l 14B) ln cao dn, qua hai duong cong nguoc chiu ri vuot
sng. Sau khi qua sng, tuyn di xung pha duoi di, theo cch ny tuyn ct xe dia
hnh hon.
Xem cu th cc phuong n trn ban v s 1.
3.5.1. So snh so b cc phuong n tuyn.
So snh cac chi tiu v:
1 - Chiu di tuyn.
2 - H s trin tuyn.
3. S ln chuyn huong.
4. Gc chuyn huong lon nht.
5. Gc chuyn huong trung bnh.
6. S luong cc duong cong nm.
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7. Bn knh duong cong nm nho nht/s duong cong tuong ung.
8. D dc doc lon nht cua duong den/chiu di tuong ung.
9. D dc doc trung bnh cua duong den.
10. S luong cng thot nuoc.
11. Cc cng trnh dt bit (cu).
Ni dung so sanh cac phuong an tuyn duoc the hin o bang 1.3.1.
Bang 1.3.1: so sanh cac phuong an tuyn.
Phuong n Stt Chi tiu so snh Don vi
1 2 3 4
1 Chiu di tuyn m 4200 4140.66 3866.4 3951.328.31
2 H s trin tuyn 1.08 1.09 1.02 1.042
3 S ln chuyn huong ln 3 4 3 3
4 Gc chuyn huong lon
nht
d pht
giy
2454'54" 4424'5" 3638'27" 538'14"
5 Gc chuyn huong trung
bnh
d pht
giy
3460'40" 2732'20" 2843'24
"
4327'33"
6 S duong cong duong
cong
2 3 3 2
Bn knh duong cong nm
nho nht
m 1200 700.00 500.00 1500 7
S duong cong tuong ung duong
cong
3 2 2 2
D dc doc lon nht cua
duong den
8
Chiu di tuong ung m
9 D dc doc trung bnh cua
duong den
% 1.1 1.4 1.9 1.6
10 S luong cng thot nuoc cng 7 6 6 5
11 S luong cng trnh cu cu 0 0 0 1
3.5.2. Tnh ton cc yu t dung cong cho 2 phuong n tuyn chn.
Sau khi d so snh cc phuong n tuyn chon duoc hai phuong n tt nht l 1
v 2. Tin hnh tnh ton cc yu t cua duong cong:
+ Chiu di duong tang cua duong cong:
D n tt nghip
SVTH: V Dai Php, lop 24x3 Trang 5
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T = R.tg(
2

) (m) (1.3.2)
+ Phn cuc cua duong cong:

= 1
2
cos
1
.

R P (m) (1.3.3)
+ Chiu di cua duong cong:
0
180
. . R
K

= (m) (1.3.4)
Trong d:
R (m): Bn knh cua duong cong.
(d pht giy): Gc chuyn huong cua tuyn.
Kt qua tnh ton cm cong phuong n 1 duoc ghi o bang 1.3.2.
Bang 1.3.2: Cac yu t duong cong nm phuong an 1.
Gc chuyn huong
Tri Phai
R K T P Stt L trnh dinh
d phut giy d phut giy (m) (m) (m) (m)
1
km1
+
190 44 54 30 1500 652.273. 331.374 36.167
2
Km2
+
370 54 23 54 1200 940.56. 495.93 98.44

Kt qua tnh ton cm cong phuong n 2 duoc ghi o bang 1.3.3.
Bang 1.3.3: Cac yu t duong cong nm phuong an 2.
Gc chuyn huong
Tri Phai
R K T P St
t
L trnh dinh
d phu
t
gi
y
d phu
t
gi
y
(m) (m) (m) (m)
1
Km1+
600 20 16 15 160
0
332.3
6
161.7
2
8.15
2 Km2 550 17 1 30 150 1162. 612.1 120.
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+ 0 4 1
3
Km3+
400 32 27 41 700 352.8
5
165.9
3
19.3

D n tt nghip
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