2
TCJCTTBE XBTVNCT BOTCC@CNV
VMLY TCJCTTBE XBTVNCT BOTCC@CNV -vmly ―Botcc`cnv‐, ly
`bfc bnf cjjcivlzc by kj [[[[[[[[[[[[% 4828 d| bnf dcvwccn[[[[[[[[[[[[
% Lni. -―
IK@XBN\
‐,% b Fcebwbtc iktxktbvlkn mbzlno lvy
xtlnilxbe xebic kj dsylncyy bv [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ bnf
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ -―Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct‐, ekibvcf
bv [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[. Cbim kj IK@XBN\ bnf TcjcttbeXbtvnct ly tcjcttcf vk mctcln
by b ―Xbtv|‐ bnf ikeecivlzce| by vmc ―Xbtvlcy.‐
2,
Bxxklnv`cnv kj Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct1 Yvtsivstc kj vmc Botcc`cnv.b,
IK@XBN\ bxxklnvy% kn b nknc}iesylzc dbyly% TcjcttbeXbtvnct by bn bsvmktlcf tcjcttbe xbtvnct jkt xstxkycy kj tcjcttlno vk IK@XBN\ xtkyxcivlzc ysdyitldcty bnf isyvk`ctyjkt vmc [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Yctzlicy ycv jktvm ln vmc
tcjcttbe fcyitlxvlkn bvvbimcf mctcvk by C}mldlv B -―TcjcttbeFcyitlxvlkn kj Yctzlicy‐,.
d,
Vmc xtkzlylkn kj tcjcttbe yctzlicy d| Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct
-―Tcjcttbe Yctzlicy‐, wlee dc okzctncf d| vmc vct`y bnf
iknflvlkny kj vmly Botcc`cnv.i,
IK@XBN\ tcyctzcy vmc tlomv% ln lvy ykec bnf bdykesvcflyitcvlkn% vk `kflj|% sxfbvc% kt imbnoc vmc Yctzlicy -lniesflnovmc xtlicy vmctckj, bnf vmc Ik``lyylkny -by fcjlncf dcekw, bvbn| vl`c% wlvm ysim `kfljlibvlkny cjjcivlzc sxkn fcelzct| kj nkvlic vk Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct.f,
Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct mby nk bsvmktlv| vk -l, ncokvlbvc bn| iknvtbivjkt kt kn dcmbej kj IK@XBN\ kt dlnf IK@XBN\ vk bn|iknvtbiv% tcxtcycnvbvlkn% kt snfctyvbnflno iknictnlnoIK@XBN\% vmc Yctzlicy% kt bn| kvmct xtkfsiv kt yctzlicykjjctcf d| IK@XBN\ ksvylfc vmc yikxc kj vmly Botcc`cnv kt-ll, `bac bn| tcxtcycnvbvlkny kt wbttbnvlcy iknictnlno vmc
Yctzlicy kt Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct“y tcebvlknymlx wlvm
IK@XBN\.IK@XBN\ `b|% ln lvy ykec flyitcvlkn% biicxv kt tcgciv bn|xtkyxcivlzc ysdyitldct kt isyvk`ct kj vmc Yctzlicy ysd`lvvcf vklv d| Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct.c,
IK@XBN\% bv lvy ykec flyitcvlkn% mby vmc tlomv vk tcjsyc vkbxxtkzc bn| Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct kt ybecy kxxktvsnlv| byykilbvcfwlvm vmbv Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct ysd`lvvcf d| b Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct.4,
Ik``lyylkny.b,
Sxkn vmc vct`y bnf ysdgciv vk vmc iknflvlkny kj vmlyBotcc`cnv% IK@XBN\ ymbee xb| Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct b kncvl`c
ik``lyylkn -―Ik``lyylkn‐, jkt cbim bivsbe ysdyitldct kt
isyvk`ct kj vmc Yctzlicy -cbim ysim ysdyitldct kt isyvk`ct% b
―Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct‐, vmbv btlycy fltcive| jtk` Tcjcttbe
Yctzlicy xctjkt`cf ln biiktfbnic wlvm vmc vct`y bnfiknflvlkny kj vmly Botcc`cnv. Ik``lyylkny vk dc xblf wlee dcfcvct`lncf ln biiktfbnic wlvm bnf ysdgciv vk vmc vct`y bnfiknflvlkny ycv jktvm ln clvmct vmc Tcjcttbe Fcyitlxvlkn kj Yctzlicy bnf ln vmly Ycivlkn 4. Vmc Ik``lyylkny btc vmc kne|ik`xcnybvlkn vk dc xblf vk Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct jkt vmcxctjkt`bnic kj lvy kdelobvlkny snfct vmly Botcc`cnv.d,
IK@XBN\ xbtvnct ik``lyylkn xebny `b| zbt| jtk` yctzlicvk yctzlic. Vmc Yctzlicy% bnf yctzlicy kjjctcf kn b xtk`kvlknbedbyly cbim jcbvstc fljjctcnv ik``lyylkn yvtsivstcy.IK@XBN\% bv lvy ykec flyitcvlkn% `b| imbnoc vmc xbtvnctik``lyylkn xebn kt celoldec Yctzlicy fcjlncf ln C}mldlv Bdcekw.i,
IK@XBN\ ymbee xb| vmc Ik``lyylkn vk Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct lntcyxciv kj b Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct kne| lj bee kj vmc jkeekwlnoiknflvlkny btc ybvlyjlcf7l,
Nk tcjcttbe xb|`cnvy wlee dc `bfc snecyy vmc Isyvk`ctecbf ly tcolyvctcf ysdyvbnvlbee| wlvm vmc fcylonbvcfIK@XBN\ Xbtvnct @bnboct -FcylonbvcfNb`c7[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[,bnf bxxtkzcfd| IK@XBN\. Bee tcjcttbey `syv dc ysd`lvvcf vkIK@XBN\ zlb vmc IK@XBN\ Xbtvnct @bnboct -c`ble7 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[,. Bee tcjcttbey `syv dc ysd`lvvcf xtlktvk cnf syct iknvtbiv bnf yctzlicy ktfct jkt` c}cisvlkn.Rscyvlkn kt iknictny btc vk dc ysd`lvvcf vkxbtvnctxtkotb`HIk`xbn|.ik` ll,
Vmc Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct ly nkv bjjlelbvcf wlvm kt bn c`xek|cckj vmc Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct1 bnflll,
Vmc Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct mby mbf fltciv xctyknbe iknvbiv wlvmvmc Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct bnf Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct mby fltcive|cnfktycf bnf tcik``cnfcf vmc Yctzlicy vk vmc TcjcttbeIsyvk`ct1 xtkzlfcf% mkwczct% vmbv IK@XBN\ wlee nkvdc kdelobvcf vk xb| vmc Ik``lyylkn vk Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct lj Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct sycy `byy `blelnoy bnf+kt kvmct jkt`y kj `byy ykelilvbvlkny vk xkvcnvlbe isyvk`cty jkt vmc Yctzlicy.lz,
Jkt vmc Yctzlicy% by `ktc xbtvlisebte| fcyitldcf ln C}mldlvB% vmc Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct `syv c}cisvc knc -2, kt `ktcisyvk`ct yctzlic botcc`cnvy wlvm IK@XBN\ jkt knc -2,kt `ktc Yctzlicy wlvmln nlncv| -<8, fb|y bjvct vmc fbvc knwmlim Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct ly jltyv bxxtkzcf d|IK@XBN\% jkeekwlno kn tcolyvtbvlkn kj vmc TcjcttbeIsyvk`ct d| vmc Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct xstysbnv vk vmcxtkicfstcy by ycv jktvm ln vmly Botcc`cnv.z,
Vmc bootcobvc Tcjcttbe ik``lyylkny ymbee nkv c}iccf&288%888 ln Ik``lyylkny xblf jkt iknvtbivcf Yctzlicy.f,
Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct biankwecfocy bnf botccy vmbv% ln vmc czcnv bTcjcttbe Isyvk`ct ly tcjcttcf vk IK@XBN\ d| `ktc vmbn kncIK@XBN\ tcjcttbe xbtvnct% IK@XBN\ wlee xb| vmcIk``lyylkn vk vmc tcjcttbe xbtvnct wmk jltyv ysd`lvvcf vmcTcjcttbe Isyvk`ct lnjkt`bvlkn vk IK@XBN\1 xtkzlfcf%mkwczct% vmbv IK@XBN\ `b|% ln lvy ykec bnf bdykesvcflyitcvlkn% fcvct`lnc vk yxelv vmc bxxelibdec Ik``lyylkndcvwccn vmc tcjcttbe xbtvncty ln ictvbln ylvsbvlkny.c,
Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct `syv xtkzlfc wtlvvcn nkvlic kj bn| flyxsvcwlvm tcyxciv vk b Ik``lyylkn wlvmln vmc eknoct kj yl}v| -:8,fb|y kj lvy tciclxv kj ysim Ik``lyylkn kt nlncv| -<8, fb|y kj
lnyvbeebvlkn kj Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct“y Yctzlic% wlvm bn|
Ik``lyylkn nkv yk flyxsvcf dclno fcc`cf biicxvcf d| bnfdlnflno sxkn Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct% c}icxv lj IK@XBN\ ly cnvlvecfvk tcikzct yk`c kt bee kj bn| ysim Ik``lyylkn sxkn vmckiisttcnic kj ictvbln imbtocdbia czcnvy by xtkzlfcf mctcln.9,
Tcebvlknymlx kj vmc Xbtvlcy.Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct biankwecfocy bnf botccy vmbv -b, lv ly bnlnfcxcnfcnv iknvtbivkt bnf -d, lv bnf IK@XBN\ btc NKV% d|zltvsc kj vmly Botcc`cnv kt kvmctwlyc% gklnv zcnvstcy% xbtvncty%c`xek|ct+c`xek|cc% jtbnimlyct+jtbnimlycc kt jlfsilbtlcy kj bn| alnf.Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct ly tcyxknyldec jkt vmc iknvtke bnf bivy kj lvyc`xek|ccy% tcxtcycnvbvlzcy bnf bocnvy. Nclvmct Xbtv| ly bsvmktlcfvk dlnf vmc kvmct Xbtv| wlvm tcyxciv vk bn| `bvvct% lniesflno% wlvmksvel`lvbvlkn% c}xtcyy kt l`xelcf botcc`cnvy% osbtbnvccy%tcxtcycnvbvlkny kt fcdvy. Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct ymbee fk nkvmlno vmbvwksef flyitcflv% lngstc vmc tcxsvbvlkn kj% kt tcjeciv bfzctyce| sxknIK@XBN\ kt lvy xtkfsivy kt yctzlicy. Tcjcttbe Xbtvnctbiankwecfocy vmbv IK@XBN\ wlee iknfsiv ybecy bnf `btacvlno
4
bivlzlvlcy -lniesflno vmtksom kt ln ikkxctbvlkn wlvm kvmct tcjcttbexbtvncty kt bjjlelbvcy% flyvtldsvkty% fcbecty% bocnvy% tcyceecty kt kvmctflyvtldsvlkn imbnnce tcxtcycnvbvlzcy, wlvm tcyxciv vk vmc Yctzlicy lnbn| bnf bee ekibecy% bnf vmbv nk botcc`cnv mby dccn tcbimcf dcvwccnvmc Xbtvlcy vk `bac bn| flzlylkn kj vcttlvkt| ln wmlim clvmct kj vmcXbtvlcy wlee dc iknfsivlno ybecy bnf `btacvlno bivlzlvlcy wlvmtcyxciv vk vmc Yctzlicy% wmcvmct d| ysdyitldct v|xc% lnfsyvt| ktockotbxmli ekibvlkn. Vmtksomksv vmc Vct` -by fcjlncf dcekw, bnf bvbee vl`cy vmctcbjvct% IK@XBN\ ymbee tcvbln jsee bnf c}iesylzckwnctymlx kj bee lnjkt`bvlkn tcebvlno vk Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ctyktlolnbvcf d| Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct mctcsnfct jkt vmc Yctzlicy lnykjbt byysim lnjkt`bvlkn tcebvcy vk kt tcysevy jtk` vmc xtkzlylkn kj vmcYctzlicy vk ysim Tcjcttbe Isyvk`cty.6,
Ictvbln Kdelobvlkny kj vmc Xbtvlcy.b,
Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct botccy vmbv% fstlno vmc Vct`% lv ymbee7l,
Jktwbtf ecbfy jkt vmc Yctzlicy kne| ln biiktfbnic wlvmvmly Botcc`cnv bnf ysim kvmct wtlvvcn vct`y cyvbdelymcfd| IK@XBN\ jtk` vl`c vk vl`c1ll,
Syc kne| IK@XBN\bxxtkzcf `btacvlno `bvctlbey bnfnkv fczcekx kt syc bn| kvmct xtkfsiv elvctbvstc kt `kflj|bn| `bvctlbey xtkzlfcf d| IK@XBN\1lll,
Nkv `bac tcxtcycnvbvlkny kt osbtbnvccy iknictnlno vmcYctzlicy wmlim btc jbeyc% `lyecbflno kt lniknylyvcnv wlvmbn| `btacvlno kt kvmct `bvctlbey -lniesflno xtlic elyvy,xsdelymcf bnf kvmctwlyc ysxxelcf d| IK@XBN\ jtk`vl`c vk vl`c1lz,
Bv lvy kwn c}xcnyc% tc`bln ln ik`xelbnic wlvm beebxxelibdec lnvctnbvlknbe% jcfctbe% yvbvc% bnf ekibe ebwy bnftcosebvlkny bxxelibdec vk lvy xctjkt`bnic snfct vmlyBotcc`cnv bnf `blnvbln ln jsee jktic bnf cjjciv beeelicnycy bnf xct`lvy tcrsltcf jkt lvy xctjkt`bnic snfctvmly Botcc`cnv1z,
Bdlfc bv bee vl`cy d| vmc Oslfcelncy Tcobtflno Syc kj IK@XBN\
“y Yctzlic @btay% bvvbimcf mctcvk by C}mldlv
D1 bnfzl,
Iknfsiv lvycej ln biiktfbnic wlvm xtkjcyylknbe yvbnfbtfykj mkncyv|% lnvcotlv| bnf jblt fcbelno ln xctjkt`lno lvykdelobvlkny snfct vmly Botcc`cnv.d,
Ln jstvmctbnic kj Ycivlkn 6<b,% Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct biankwecfocybnf botccy vmbv IK@XBN\% ln lvy ykec flyitcvlkn% `b| -l,iknvbiv kt vbac bn| kvmct bivlkn lv fcc`y bxxtkxtlbvc wlvmtcyxciv vk bn| Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct vk wmlim Tcjcttbe Xbtvncttcjcty vk IK@XBN\ bnf -ll, `kflj|% ysyxcnf% bnf+kt
vct`lnbvc vmc vct`y bnf iknflvlkny kj b Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct“y
botcc`cnv wlvm IK@XBN\ bnf+kt vmc Yctzlicy bnf xtlilnovmctcjktc bv bn| vl`c by xct`lvvcf ln IK@XBN\
“y botcc`cnv
wlvm ysim Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct.3,
Iknjlfcnvlbelv|.Fstlno vmc Vct` kj vmly Botcc`cnv bnf vmctcbjvct% Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct ymbeenkv ln bn| wb| vtbnyjct vk bn| vmltf xbtv| kt syc ln fltciv kt lnfltcivik`xcvlvlkn wlvm IK@XBN\ kt bn| kj lvy bjjlelbvcy kt kvmcttcxtcycnvbvlzcy bn| lnjkt`bvlkn tcebvlno vk IK@XBN\
“y dsylncyy kt vk
IK@XBN\
“y Tcjcttbe Isyvk`cty -lniesflno vmkyc ktlolnbvcf d|
Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct fstlno vmc Vct`,% lniesflno% wlvmksv el`lvbvlkn% vmcvct`y bnf iknflvlkny kj vmly Botcc`cnv bnf vmc C}mldlvy mctcvk% vcimnlibelnjkt`bvlkn% xtlic elyvy% fbvb% `btacvlno `bvctlbey% dsylncyy xebny% beelnjkt`bvlkn ln vmc Yctzlicytcebvcf `bvctlbey xtkzlfcf d| IK@XBN\ vk
Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct jtk` vl`c vk vl`c -―Tcjcttbe @bvctlbey‐,% bnf bee
lnjkt`bvlkn iknictnlno Tcjcttbe Isyvk`cty -ikeecivlzce|% vmc
―Iknjlfcnvlbe Lnjkt`bvlkn‐,. Iknjlfcnvlbe Lnjkt`bvlkn ly bnf ymbee
tc`bln vmc c}iesylzc xtkxctv| kj IK@XBN\ bnf `b| dc sycf d|Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct ykece| ln vmc xctjkt`bnic kj lvy kdelobvlkny snfct vmlyBotcc`cnv. Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct botccy vmbv `kncvbt| fb`bocy jkt dtcbim kj vmly ycivlkn `b| nkv dc bfcrsbvc bnf vmbv IK@XBN\ ymbee dc cnvlvecf vkycca lngsnivlzc tcelcj wlvm tcyxciv vk bn| ysim dtcbim. Nclvmct Xbtv| ymbee`bac bn| xsdeli bnnksnic`cnv -lniesflno% dsv nkv el`lvcf vk% xtcyytcecbycy, tcobtflno vmly Botcc`cnv kt bn| tcebvlknymlx dcvwccn TcjcttbeXbtvnct bnf IK@XBN\ wlvmksv vmc c}xtcyy xtlkt wtlvvcn iknycnv kj vmckvmct Xbtv|. Sxkn vct`lnbvlkn kj vmly Botcc`cnv kt sxkn IK@XBN\
“y
tcrscyv% Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct ymbee xtk`xve| tcvstn bee IknjlfcnvlbeLnjkt`bvlkn vk IK@XBN\ -lniesflno bee ikxlcy vmctckj ln bn| `cfls`,bnf ymbee ictvlj| ln wtlvlno vk IK@XBN\ vmbv lv mby fknc yk.Nkvwlvmyvbnflno bn|vmlno vk vmc iknvtbt|% Iknjlfcnvlbe Lnjkt`bvlkn fkcynkv lniesfc lnjkt`bvlkn vmbv -b, ly nkw% kt mctcbjvct dcik`cy% xsdelie|ankwn kt bzblebdec vmtksom ebwjse `cbny1 -d, ly tlomvjsee| ln vmc
tciclzlno Xbtv|“y xkyycyylkn% by czlfcnicf d| tciclzlno Xbtv|“y tciktfy1
-i, ly flyiekycf vk vmc tciclzlno Xbtv| wlvmksv iknjlfcnvlbe kt xtkxtlcvbt|tcyvtlivlkn d| b vmltf xbtv| wmk tlomvjsee| xkyycyycy bnf tlomvjsee|flyiekycy vmc lnjkt`bvlkn1 -f, ly lnfcxcnfcnve| fczcekxcf d| vmctciclzlno Xbtv| wlvmksv bn| dtcbim kj vmly Botcc`cnv1 kt -c, ly vmcysdgciv kj b wtlvvcn xct`lyylkn vk flyiekyc xtkzlfcf d| vmc flyiekylnoXbtv|.:,
NknYkelilvbvlkn.Fstlno vmc Vct` bnf jkt yk ekno vmctcbjvct by IK@XBN\ ly kdelobvcf vkxb| Ik``lyylkny vk Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct xstysbnv vk vmly Botcc`cnv%Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct ymbee nkv fltcive| kt lnfltcive| lnfsic bn| TcjcttbeIsyvk`ct kt lvy bjjlelbvcy vk flyiknvlnsc lvy kt vmclt tcebvlknymlx wlvmIK@XBN\.?,
Tcxtcycnvbvlkny bnf _bttbnvlcy1 Flyiebl`ct.b,
Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct mctcd| tcxtcycnvy bnf wbttbnvy vmbv7l,
By kj vmc Cjjcivlzc Fbvc% lv ly ln ik`xelbnic wlvm beebxxelibdec lnvctnbvlknbe% jcfctbe% yvbvc% bnf ekibe ebwy bnftcosebvlkny bxxelibdec vk lvy xctjkt`bnic snfct vmlyBotcc`cnv bnf mby bee elicnycy bnf xct`lvy tcrsltcf jktlvy xctjkt`bnic snfct vmly Botcc`cnv1ll,
Lvy c}cisvlkn kj vmly Botcc`cnv bnf lvy xctjkt`bnic kj lvykdelobvlkny mctcsnfct fk nkv dtcbim bn| botcc`cnv ktkdelobvlkn vk wmlim lv ly isttcnve| dksnf1 bnflll,
Nclvmct lv nkt bn| kj lvy kjjlicty% fltcivkty% c`xek|ccy%tcxtcycnvbvlzcy kt bocnvy mby czct dccn fly`lyycf% jlncf%kt kvmctwlyc ybnivlkncf jkt jtbsfsecnv kt l`xtkxct ybecyxtbivlicy.d,
TCJCTTBE XBTVNCT BIANK_ECFOCY VMBV VMCYCTZLICY XTKZLFCF D\ IK@XBN\ BTC XTKZLFCF
KN BN ―BY LY‐ DBYLY BNF
VMBV% NKV_LVMYVBNFLNOBN\ KVMCT KTBE KT _TLVVCN IK@@SNLIBVLKNY_LVM IK@XBN\ BDKSV KT LN IKNNCIVLKN _LVMBN\ YSIM YCTZLICY% IK@XBN\ @BACY NK_BTTBNVLCY% _MCVMCT C]XTCYY KT L@XELCF%LNIESFLNO _LVM TCYXCIV VK VMC YCTZLICY%LNIESFLNO% _LVMKSV EL@LVBVLKN% BN\_BTTBNVLCY KJ @CTIMBNVBDLELV\% JLVNCYY JKTB XBTVLISEBT XSTXKYC% NKN LNVCTTSXVLKN KTBZBLEBDLELV\ KJ VMC YCTZLICY% KT NKNLNJTLNOC@CNV KJ VMLTF XBTV\ TLOMVY.NKV_LVMYVBNFLNO BN\VMLNO LN VMLY BOTCC@CNVVK VMC IKNVTBT\% IK@XBN\ LY NKV ELBDEC VK
9
TCJCTTBE XBTVNCT _MBVYKCZCT BY B TCYSEV KJKT LN IKNNCIVLKN _LVM VMC FLYIKNVLNSBNIC%SNBZBLEBDLELV\% KT JBLESTC KJ VMC YCTZLICY.=,
Vct`1 Vct`lnbvlkn1 Cjjciv kj Vct`lnbvlkn.b,
Vmly Botcc`cnv ymbee dc cjjcivlzc kn vmc Cjjcivlzc Fbvc bnfymbee iknvlnsc jkt b xctlkf kj knc -2, |cbt jtk` vmc Cjjcivlzc
Fbvc -vmc ―Lnlvlbe Vct`‐, bnf ymbee bsvk`bvlibee| tcncw
vmctcbjvct jkt ysiicyylzc knc -2, |cbt vct`y -vmc Lnlvlbe Vct`bnf bn| ysim c}vcnylkn vmctckj ikeecivlzce| tcjcttcf vk mctcln
by vmc ―Vct`‐,% snecyy vct`lnbvcf cbtelct ln bii
ktfbnic wlvmvmc vct`y mctckj.d,
Clvmct Xbtv| `b| vct`lnbvc vmly Botcc`cnv bv bn| vl`c sxkn
olzlno vmc kvmct Xbtv| bv ecbyv vmltv| -98, fb|y“ xtlkt wtlvvcn
nkvlic.i,
Vmly Botcc`cnv `b| dc vct`lnbvcf d| IK@XBN\7l,
S
xkn bv ecbyv vcn -28, fb|y“ xtlkt wtlvvcn nkvlic d|
IK@XBN\ jkt dtcbim d| Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct kj bn|xtkzlylkn kj vmly Botcc`cnv1ll,
L``cflbvce| sxkn wtlvvcn nkvlic d| IK@XBN\-2,
Lj Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct xbtvlilxbvcy kt cnobocy ln bn|bivlzlv| tcebvlno vk jtbsf boblnyv IK@XBN\ kt lj Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct jbeyljlcy kt jktocy bn| ktfct jktYctzlicy1-4,
Sxkn vmc lnykezcni|% dbnatsxvi|% tciclzctymlx% kt
flyykesvlkn kj Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct kt Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct“y
bvvc`xvcf byylon`cnv kj vmly Botcc`cnv wlvmksvIK@XBN\
“y xtlkt wtlvvcn iknyc
nv1-9,
Ln vmc czcnv Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct cnobocy ln bn|`btacvlno kt ykelilvbvlkn bivlzlv| vmbv zlkebvcy ktiknvtbzcncy bn| jcfctbe% yvbvc% kt ekibe ebw kt vmcvct`y kj vmly Botcc`cnv% lniesflno% wlvmksvel`lvbvlkn% bn| dtcbim d| Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct kj vmcvct`y bnf iknflvlkny kj C}mldlv I tcobtflno vmc syckj ictvbln IK@XBN\ lnvceecivsbe xtkxctv|
-―Xtkmldlvcf @btacvlno Bivlzlv|‐,1 kt
-6,
Ln vmc czcnv bn| isttcnv kt xtkyxcivlzc TcjcttbeIsyvk`cty ykelilvcf d| Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct cnobocy lnbn| bivlzlv| snfctvbacn bv vmc fltcivlkn kj TcjcttbeXbtvnct kt dbycf sxkn b tcxtcycnvbvlkn `bfc d|Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct vmbv zlkebvcy bn| jcfctbe% yvbvc ktekibe ebw% kt vmc vct`y kj vmly Botcc`cnv
-ikeecivlzce|% ―Xtkmldlvcf Bivlzlv|‐,1 kt
lll,
S
xkn vmltv| -98, fb|y“ xtlkt wtlvvcn nkvlic d|
IK@XBN\ln vmc czcnv vmbv Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct jbley vk bimlczc bnf vk`blnvbln bn| bxxelibdec `lnl`s` tcrsltc`cnv by ycv jktvmln vmc Tcjcttbe Fcyitlxvlkn.f,
Sxkn vct`lnbvlkn kj vmly Botcc`cnv xstysbnv vk Ycivlkn =-d,bnf xtkzlfcf Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct iknvlnscy vk ik`xe| wlvm vmcvct`y bnf iknflvlkny kj vmly Botcc`cnv% IK@XBN\ wleetc`bln kdelobvcf vk xb| Ik``lyylkny jkt cbim TcjcttbeIsyvk`ct vmbv wby tcjcttcf vk IK@XBN\ xtlkt vk vmc fbvc kj vct`lnbvlkn1 xtkzlfcf% mkwczct% vmbv cbim ysim TcjcttbeIsyvk`ct wby tcjcttcf vk IK@XBN\ ln biiktfbnic wlvm beevmc vct`y bnf iknflvlkny kj vmly Botcc`cnv. Sxkn vct`lnbvlknkj vmly Botcc`cnv xstysbnv vk Ycivlkn =-i,% IK@XBN\ ymbeembzc vmc tlomv vk vct`lnbvc bee Ik``lyylkn xb|`cnvy vkTcjcttbe Xbtvnct l``cflbvce| sxkn ysim vct`lnbvlkn.c,
Nkvwlvmyvbnflno b vct`lnbvlkn kj vmly Botcc`cnv xstysbnv vkvmly Ycivlkn =% Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct ymbee tc`bln kdelobvcf vklnfc`nlj| IK@XBN\ xstysbnv vk Ycivlkn 28-b, jkt bee iebl`yfcyitldcf vmctcln% lniesflno% wlvmksv el`lvbvlkn% iebl`y btlylnojtk` kt tcebvcf vk vmc czcnvy kt kiisttcnicy vmbv olzc tlyc vkysim vct`lnbvlkn.<,
El`lvbvlkn kj Elbdlelv|.
C]ICXV _LVM TCOBTF VK TCJCTTBE XBTVNCT“Y
LNFC@NLJLIBVLKN KDELOBVLKNY YCV JKTVM MCTCLN% BNF_LVM VMC C]ICXVLKN KJ BN\ FB@BOCY BTLYLNO JTK@ VMCDTCBIM D\ TCJCTTBE XBTVNCT KJ VMC IKNJLFCNVLBELV\KDELOBVLKNY BY YCV JKTVM LN YCIVLKN =% NCLVMCT XBTV\NKT LVY BJJLELBVCY KT TCXTCYCNVBVLZCY YMBEE DCELBDEC JKT BN\ LNFLTCIV% LNILFCNVBE% YXCILBE% XSNLVLZCKT IKNYCRSCNVLBE FB@BOCY KT JKT BN\ EKYV KTL@XSVCF XTKJLVY KT TCZCNSCY KT EKYV FBVB KT IKYVYKJ IKZCT BTLYLNO JTK@ KT TCEBVCF VK VMLY BOTCC@CNV%
KT CLVMCT XBTV\“Y XCTJKT@BNIC KT NKNXCTJKT@BNIC
SNFCT VMLY BOTCC@CNV TCOBTFECYY KJ VMC ECOBEVMCKT\ SNFCT _MLIM YSIM ELBDLELV\ LY BYYCTVCF BNFTCOBTFECYY KJ _MCVMCT B XBTV\ MBY DCCN BFZLYCF KJVMC XKYYLDLELV\ KJ BN\ YSIM ELBDLELV\% EKYY KTFB@BOC. IK@XBN\
“Y ELBDLELV\ MCTCSNFCT YMBEE LN NK
CZCNV C]ICCF VMC VKVBE IK@@LYYLKNY XBLF D\IK@XBN\ VK TCJCTTBE XBTVNCT _LVMLN VMC VMTCC@KNVMY XTCICFLNO VMC CZCNV OLZLNO TLYC VK YSIMFB@BOCY. Nkvwlvmyvbnflno vmc jktcoklno% IK@XBN\ ymbee mbzc nkelbdlelv| vk Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct wmbvykczct -lniesflno% wlvmksv el`lvbvlkn% jktbn| iebl` jkt Ik``lyylkny fsc, by b tcysev kj -l, vmc flyiknvlnsbnic%snbzblebdlelv| kt jblestc kj bn| Yctzlicy% -ll, bn| bfgsyv`cnvy d|IK@XBN\ vk vmc vct`y bnf iknflvlkny kj bn| Yctzlicy% -lll, vmc jblestcd| IK@XBN\ vk biicxv bn| xtkyxcivlzc Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct kt bn| ktfctjkt Yctzlicy% -lz, vmc jblestc d| IK@XBN\ vk xtkzlfc kt vk iknvlnsc vkxtkzlfc bn| Yctzlicy vk b xtkyxcivlzc kt isttcnv Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct fscvk bn lnlvlbe kt iknvlnslno itcflv bxxtkzbe xtkicyy kt fsc vk vct`lnbvlkn ktbyylon`cnv kj ysim Tcjcttbe Isyvk`c
t“y botcc`cnv wlvm
IK@XBN\% kt-z, bn| nknIK@XBN\ xtkfsivy kt yctzlicy `btacvcf% ykef kt elicnycfd| Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct.28,
Lnfc`nljlibvlkn.b,
Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct ymbee lnfc`nlj|% fcjcnf% bnf mkef mbt`ecyyIK@XBN\ bnf lvy bjjlelbvcy bnf lvy bnf vmclt tcyxcivlzcfltcivkty% kjjlicty% c`xek|ccy% bocnvy bnf tcxtcycnvbvlzcy jtk`bn| bnf bee iebl`y% fc`bnfy% bivlkny% ekyycy% fb`bocy%byycyy`cnvy% imbtocy% elbdlelvlcy% ikyvy bnf c}xcnycy -lniesflno%wlvmksv el`lvbvlkn% ln
vctcyv% xcnbevlcy% bvvktnc|“y jccy bnf
flydstyc`cnvy, wmlim `b| bv bn| vl`c dc ysjjctcf kt lnisttcfd| kt dc byyctvcf boblnyv bn| kt bee kj vmc` by b tcysev kj ktbtlylno ksv kj kt tcebvlno vk kt ln iknncivlkn wlvm7l,
Tcjcttbe Xbtvnct“y fcjbsev snfct bn| xtk
zlylkn ln vmlyBotcc`cnv% dtcbim kj bn| wbttbnv| kt tcxtcycnvbvlkn lnvmly Botcc`cnv% kt jblestc ln bn| wb| vk xctjkt` kt dtcbimkj bn| kdelobvlkn snfct vmly Botcc`cnv1 bnfll,
Vmc bivy% k`lyylkny kt `lytcxtcycnvbvlkny kj TcjcttbeXbtvnct kt lvy bjjlelbvcy% fltcivkty% kjjlicty% c`xek|ccy%bocnvy kt tcxtcycnvbvlzcy.d,
IK@XBN\ ymbee lnfc`nlj|% fcjcnf bnf mkef mbt`ecyyTcjcttbe Xbtvnct jtk` bnf boblnyv bn| vmltfxbtv| iebl`% bivlkn%yslv kt xtkiccflno -$Iebl`$, d| b Tcjcttbe Isyvk`ct ktlolnbvcf
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