J2EE Tutorial

TM

The J2EE

Tutoria l

Stephanie Bodoff
Dale Green
Eric Jendrock
Monica Pawlan
Beth Stearns

Copyright © 2001 by Sun Microsystems, Inc.
901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303 U.S.A.
All rights reserved.

RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is

subject to the restrictions set forth in DFARS 252.227-7013(c)(1)(iii) and FAR 52.227-19.

The release described in this book may be protected by one or more U.S. patents, foreign patents, or

pending applications.

Sun, Sun Microsystems, Sun Microsystems Computer Corporation, the Sun logo, the Sun Microsystems Computer Corporation logo, Java, JavaSoft, Java Software, JavaScript, JDBC, JDBC Compliant, JavaOS, JavaBeans, Enterprise JavaBeans, JavaServer Pages, J2EE, J2SE, JavaMail, Java Naming and Directory Interface, EJB, and JSP are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX® is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Com- pany, Ltd. All other product names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners.

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Contents

iii

Pre fa c e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii

Who Should Use This Tutorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
About the Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
Prerequisites for the Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
Where to Find the Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
How to Build and Run the Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
Related Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
How to Print This Tutorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
Typographical Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii

Chapter1: Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Distributed Multitiered Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
J2EE Application Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Client Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Application Clients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Web Browsers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Applets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
JavaBeans™Component Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
J2EE Server Communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Thin Clients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Web Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Business Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Enterprise Information System Tier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
J2EE Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Containers and Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Container Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Packaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33