Atoms for Peace

Board of Governors

GOV/2011/65
Date: 8 November 2011

Restricted Distribution
Original: English

For official use only

Item 5(c) of the provisional agen a (!O"#2011#$%)

Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Report by the Director General

A. Introduction
1& 'his report of the Director !eneral to the (oar of !overnors an ) in parallel) to the *ec+rit, -o+ncil) is on the implementation of the N.' *afeg+ar s /greement1 an relevant provisions of *ec+rit, -o+ncil resol+tions in the Islamic 0ep+blic of Iran (Iran)& 2& 'he *ec+rit, -o+ncil has affirme that the steps re1+ire b, the (oar of !overnors in its resol+tions2 are bin ing on Iran&% 'he relevant provisions of the aforementione *ec+rit, -o+ncil resol+tions 2ere a opte +n er -hapter "II of the 3nite Nations -harter) an are man ator,) in accor ance 2ith the terms of those resol+tions&4 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
1 'he /greement bet2een Iran an the /genc, for the /pplication of *afeg+ar s in -onnection 2ith the 'reat, on the Non6.roliferation of N+clear 7eapons (IN8-I0-#214)) 2hich entere into force on 15 9a, 1:;4& 2 'he (oar of !overnors has a opte ten resol+tions in connection 2ith the implementation of safeg+ar s in Iran: !O"#200%#$: (12 *eptember 200%)< !O"#200%#81 (2$ November 200%)< !O"#2004#21 (1% 9arch 2004)< !O"#2004#4: (18 =+ne 2004)< !O"#2004#;: (18 *eptember 2004)< !O"#2004#:0 (2: November 2004)< !O"#2005#$4 (11 /+g+st 2005)< !O"#2005#;; (24 *eptember 2005)< !O"#200$#14 (4 8ebr+ar, 200$)< an !O"#200:#82 (2; November 200:)& % In resol+tion 1:2: (2010)) the *ec+rit, -o+ncil: affirme ) inter alia) that Iran shall) 2itho+t f+rther ela,) ta>e the steps re1+ire b, the (oar in !O"#200$#14 an !O"#200:#82< reaffirme Iran?s obligation to cooperate f+ll, 2ith the I/E/ on all o+tstan ing iss+es) partic+larl, those 2hich give rise to concerns abo+t the possible militar, imensions of the Iranian n+clear programme< eci e that Iran shall) 2itho+t ela,) compl, f+ll, an 2itho+t 1+alification 2ith its *afeg+ar s /greement) incl+ ing thro+gh the application of mo ifie -o e %&1 of the *+bsi iar, /rrangements< an calle +pon Iran to act strictl, in accor ance 2ith the provisions of its / itional .rotocol an to ratif, it promptl, (operative paras 1@$)& 4

'he 3nite Nations *ec+rit, -o+ncil has a opte the follo2ing resol+tions on Iran: 1$:$ (200$)< 1;%; (200$)< 1;4; (200;)< 180% (2008)< 18%5 (2008)< an 1:2: (2010)&

!O"#2011#$5 .age 2

%& (, virt+e of its 0elationship /greement 2ith the 3nite Nations)5 the /genc, is re1+ire to cooperate 2ith the *ec+rit, -o+ncil in the eAercise of the -o+ncil?s responsibilit, for the maintenance or restoration of international peace an sec+rit,& /ll 9embers of the 3nite Nations agree to accept an carr, o+t the ecisions of the *ec+rit, -o+ncil)$ an in this respect) to ta>e actions 2hich are consistent 2ith their obligations +n er the 3nite Nations -harter& 4& In a letter ate 2$ 9a, 2011) B&E& Dr 8ere, o+n /bbasi) "ice .resi ent of Iran an Bea of the /tomic Energ, OrganiCation of Iran (/EOI)) informe the Director !eneral that Iran 2o+l be prepare to receive relevant 1+estions from the /genc, on its n+clear activities after a eclaration b, the /genc, that the 2or> plan (IN8-I0-#;11) ha been f+ll, implemente an that the /genc, 2o+l thereafter implement safeg+ar s in Iran in a ro+tine manner& In his repl, of % =+ne 2011) the Director !eneral informe Dr /bbasi that the /genc, 2as neither in a position to ma>e s+ch a eclaration) nor to con +ct safeg+ar s in Iran in a ro+tine manner) in light of concerns abo+t the eAistence in Iran of possible militar, imensions to Iran?s n+clear programme& On 1: *eptember 2011) the Director !eneral met Dr /bbasi in "ienna) an isc+sse iss+es relate to the implementation of Iran?s *afeg+ar s /greement an other relevant obligations& In a letter ate %0 *eptember 2011) the /genc, reiterate its invitation to Iran to re6 engage 2ith the /genc, on the o+tstan ing iss+es relate to possible militar, imensions to Iran?s n+clear programme an the actions re1+ire of Iran to resolve those iss+es& In a letter ate %0 October 2011) Dr /bbasi referre to his previo+s isc+ssions 2ith the Director !eneral an eApresse the 2ill of Iran Dto remove ambig+ities) if an,E) s+ggesting that the Dep+t, Director !eneral for *afeg+ar s (DD!6*!)) sho+l visit Iran for isc+ssions& In his repl,) ate 2 November 2011) the Director !eneral in icate his prepare ness to sen the DD!6*! to D isc+ss the iss+es i entifie E in his forthcoming report to the (oar of !overnors& 5& 'his report a resses evelopments since the last report (!O"#2011#54) 2 *eptember 2011)) as 2ell as iss+es of longer stan ing) an ) in line 2ith the Director !eneral?s opening remar>s to the (oar of !overnors on 12 *eptember 2011) contains an /nneA setting o+t in more etail the basis for the /genc,?s concerns abo+t possible militar, imensions to Iran?s n+clear programme& 'he report foc+ses on those areas 2here Iran has not f+ll, implemente its bin ing obligations) as the f+ll implementation of these obligations is nee e to establish international confi ence in the eAcl+sivel, peacef+l nat+re of Iran?s n+clear programme&

. Facilities Declared under Iran!s "afe#uards A#ree$ent

$& 3n er its *afeg+ar s /greement) Iran has eclare to the /genc, 15 n+clear facilities an nine locations o+tsi e facilities 2here n+clear material is c+stomaril, +se (FO8s)&; Not2ithstan ing that certain of the activities being +n erta>en b, Iran at some of the facilities are contrar, to the relevant resol+tions of the (oar of !overnors an the *ec+rit, -o+ncil) as in icate belo2) the /genc, contin+es to implement safeg+ar s at these facilities an FO8s&

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5

'he /greement !overning the 0elationship bet2een the 3nite Nations an the I/E/ entere into force on 14 November 1:5;) follo2ing approval b, the !eneral -onference) +pon recommen ation of the (oar of !overnors) an approval b, the !eneral /ssembl, of the 3nite Nations& It is repro +ce in IN8-I0-#11 (%0 October 1:5:)) .art I&/& 'he -harter of the 3nite Nations) /rticle 25& /ll of the FO8s are sit+ate 2ithin hospitals&

$ ;

!O"#2011#$5 .age %

%. &nric'$ent Related Acti(ities

;& -ontrar, to the relevant resol+tions of the (oar of !overnors an the *ec+rit, -o+ncil) Iran has not s+spen e its enrichment relate activities in the follo2ing eclare facilities) all of 2hich are nevertheless +n er /genc, safeg+ar s&

%.1. )atan*+ Fuel &nric'$ent ,lant and ,ilot Fuel &nric'$ent ,lant
8& Fuel &nric'$ent ,lant -F&,.+ 'here are t2o casca e halls at 8E.: .ro +ction Ball / an .ro +ction Ball (& /ccor ing to the esign information s+bmitte b, Iran) eight +nits are planne for .ro +ction Ball /) 2ith 18 casca es in each +nit& No etaile esign information has ,et been provi e for .ro +ction Ball (& :& /s of 2 November 2011) 54 casca es 2ere installe in three of the eight +nits in .ro +ction Ball /) %; of 2hich 2ere eclare b, Iran as being fe 2ith 38$&8 7hereas initiall, each installe casca e comprise 1$4 centrif+ges) Iran has s+bse1+entl, mo ifie 15 of the casca es to contain 1;4 centrif+ges each& 'o ate) all the centrif+ges installe are I061 machines& /s of 2 November 2011) installation 2or> in the remaining five +nits 2as ongoing) b+t no centrif+ges ha been installe ) an there ha been no installation 2or> in .ro +ction Ball (& 10& (et2een 15 October an 8 November 2011) the /genc, con +cte a ph,sical inventor, verification (.I") at 8E.) the res+lts of 2hich the /genc, is c+rrentl, eval+ating& 11& Iran has estimate that) bet2een 18 October 2010 an 1 November 2011) it pro +ce 1;8; >g of lo2 enriche 38$) 2hich 2o+l res+lt in a total pro +ction of 4:22 >g of lo2 enriche 38$ since pro +ction began in 8ebr+ar, 200;&: 'he n+clear material at 8E. (incl+ ing the fee ) pro +ct an tails)) as 2ell as all installe casca es an the fee an 2ith ra2al stations) are s+bGect to /genc, containment an s+rveillance&10 'he conse1+ences for safeg+ar s of the seal brea>age in the fee an 2ith ra2al area11 2ill be eval+ate b, the /genc, +pon completion of its assessment of the .I"& 12& (ase on the res+lts of the anal,sis of environmental samples ta>en at 8E. since 8ebr+ar, 200;12 an other verification activities) the /genc, has concl+ e that the facilit, has operate as eclare b, Iran in the Design Information H+estionnaire (DIH)& 1%& ,ilot Fuel &nric'$ent ,lant -,F&,.+ .8E. is a research an evelopment (0ID) facilit,) an a pilot lo2 enriche +rani+m (FE3) pro +ction facilit,) 2hich 2as first bro+ght into operation in October 200%& It has a casca e hall that can accommo ate siA casca es) an is ivi e bet2een an area esignate for the pro +ction of FE3 enriche +p to 20J 362%5 (-asca es 1 an $) an an area esignate for 0ID (-asca es 2) %) 4 an 5)& 14& In the pro +ction area) Iran first began fee ing lo2 enriche 38$ into -asca e 1 on : 8ebr+ar, 2010) for the state p+rpose of pro +cing 38$ enriche +p to 20J 362%5 for +se in the man+fact+re of f+el for 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
8 'he 54 installe casca es containe approAimatel, 8000 centrif+ges< the %; casca es eclare b, Iran as being fe 2ith 38$ on that ate containe $208 centrif+ges& Not all of the centrif+ges in the casca es that 2ere being fe 2ith 38$ ma, have been 2or>ing&

'he /genc, previo+sl, verifie that) as of 1; October 2010) a total of %1%5 >g of lo2 enriche 38$ ha been pro +ce since the start of operations in 8ebr+ar, 200; (!O"#2011#2:) para& :)& In line 2ith normal safeg+ar s practice) small amo+nts of n+clear material at the facilit, (e&g& some 2aste an samples) are not s+bGect to containment an s+rveillance&
11 12 10

!O"#2011#2:) para& 10& 0es+lts are available to the /genc, for samples ta>en +p to $ 9arch 2011&

!O"#2011#$5 .age 4

the 'ehran 0esearch 0eactor ('00)&1%)14 *ince 1% =+l, 2010) Iran has been fee ing lo2 enriche 38$ into t2o interconnecte casca es (-asca es 1 an $)) each of 2hich consists of 1$4 I061 centrif+ges&15 15& (et2een 1% an 2: *eptember 2011) the /genc, con +cte a .I" at .8E. an verifie that) as of 1% *eptember 2011) ;20&8 >g of lo2 enriche 38$ ha been fe into the casca e(s) in the pro +ction area since the process began on : 8ebr+ar, 2010) an that a total of ;%&; >g of 38$ enriche +p to 20J 362%5 ha been pro +ce & 'he /genc, is contin+ing 2ith its assessment of the res+lts of the .I"& Iran has estimate that) bet2een 14 *eptember 2011 an 28 October 2011) a total of 44&; >g of 38$ enriche at 8E. 2as fe into the t2o interconnecte casca es an that approAimatel, $ >g of 38$ enriche +p to 20J 362%5 2ere pro +ce & 1$& 'he preliminar, res+lts of the .I" sho2 an improvement to the operator?s 2eighing s,stem& Once the assessment of the .I" has been complete ) the /genc, 2ill be able to etermine 2hether the operator?s better sampling proce +res have res+lte in a more acc+rate etermination of the level of 362%5 enrichment&1$ 1;& In the 0ID area) as of 22 October 2011) Iran ha installe 1$4 I062m centrif+ges in -asca e 5)1; all of 2hich 2ere +n er vac++m) an $$ I064 centrif+ges in -asca e 4) none of 2hich ha been fe 2ith 38$& In -asca es 2 an %) Iran has been fee ing nat+ral 38$ into single machines) 106machine casca es an 206machine casca es of I061) I062m an I064 centrif+ges& 18& (et2een 21 /+g+st 2011 an 28 October 2011) a total of approAimatel, 5:&8 >g of nat+ral 38$ 2as fe into centrif+ges in the 0ID area) b+t no FE3 2as 2ith ra2n as the pro +ct an the tails are recombine at the en of the process& 1:& (ase on the res+lts of the anal,sis of the environmental samples ta>en at .8E.18 an other verification activities) the /genc, has concl+ e that the facilit, has operate as eclare b, Iran in the DIH&

%.2. Fordo/ Fuel &nric'$ent ,lant

20& In *eptember 200:) Iran informe the /genc, that it 2as constr+cting the 8or o2 8+el Enrichment .lant (88E.)) locate near the cit, of Hom& In its DIH of 10 October 200:) Iran state that the p+rpose of the facilit, 2as the pro +ction of 38$ enriche +p to 5J 362%5) an that the facilit, 2as being b+ilt to contain 1$ casca es) 2ith a total of approAimatel, %000 centrif+ges&1: 21& In *eptember 2010) Iran provi e the /genc, 2ith a revise DIH in 2hich it state that the p+rpose of 88E. 2as to incl+ e 0ID as 2ell as the pro +ction of 38$ enriche +p to 5J 362%5& 22& /s previo+sl, reporte ) Iran provi e the /genc, 2ith another revise DIH in =+ne 2011 in 2hich the state p+rpose of 88E. 2as the pro +ction of 38$ enriche +p to 20J 362%5) as 2ell as 0ID& Iran informe the /genc, that initiall, this pro +ction 2o+l ta>e place 2ithin t2o sets of t2o interconnecte casca es) an that each of these casca es 2o+l consist of 1;4 centrif+ges& Iran 2as reporte to have 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
1% 14

!O"#2010#28) para& :&

'00 is a 5 97 reactor 2hich operates 2ith 20J 362%5 enriche f+el an is +se for the irra iation of ifferent t,pes of targets an for research an training p+rposes& !O"#2010#28) para& :& !O"#2011#2:) para& 14< !O"#2011#54) para& 15& 5) in the 0ID area

15 1$ 1;

Iran ha previo+sl, in icate its intention to install t2o 1$46centrif+ge casca es (-asca es 4 an (!O"#2011#;) para& 1;)&
18 1:

0es+lts are available to the /genc, for samples ta>en +p to 5 9arch 2011& !O"#200:#;4) para& :&

!O"#2011#$5 .age 5

eci e to Dtriple its (pro +ction) capacit,E) after 2hich Iran 2o+l stop the D20J f+el pro +ctionE at NatanC&20 2%& On 1; October 2011) as anticipate in its letter to the /genc, ate 11 October 2011) Iran transferre from 8E. to 88E. one large c,lin er containing FE3 in the form of 38$ an one small c,lin er containing eplete +rani+m (D3) in the form of 38$& /ccor ing to Iran) the FE3 2ill be +se for fee ing an the D3 2ill be +se for line passivation& On 24 October 2011) the /genc, etache the seal on the c,lin er containing the D3) an the c,lin er 2as immobiliCe at the fee ing station& /t the re1+est of Iran) the /genc, 2ill etach the seal on the c,lin er containing the FE3 on 8 November 2011) an the c,lin er 2ill be immobiliCe at the fee ing station& 24& D+ring an inspection on 2% an 24 October 2011) the /genc, verifie that Iran ha installe all 1;4 centrif+ges in each of t2o casca es) neither of 2hich ha been connecte to the cooling an electrical lines) an ha installe $4 centrif+ges in a thir casca e& 'o ate) all the centrif+ges installe are I061 machines& Iran informe the /genc, that the main po2er s+ppl, ha been connecte to the facilit,& No centrif+ges ha been installe in the area esignate for 0ID p+rposes& 25& 'he /genc, contin+es to verif, that 88E. is being constr+cte accor ing to the latest DIH provi e b, Iran& /s previo+sl, reporte ) altho+gh Iran has provi e some clarification regar ing the initial timing of) an circ+mstances relating to) its ecision to b+il 88E. at an eAisting efence establishment) a itional information from Iran is still nee e in connection 2ith this facilit,&21 2$& 'he res+lts of the anal,sis of the environmental samples ta>en at 88E. +p to 2; /pril 2011 i not in icate the presence of enriche +rani+m&22

%.0. Ot'er &nric'$ent Related Acti(ities

2;& 'he /genc, is still a2aiting a s+bstantive response from Iran to /genc, re1+ests for f+rther information in relation to anno+ncements ma e b, Iran concerning the constr+ction of ten ne2 +rani+m enrichment facilities) the sites for five of 2hich) accor ing to Iran) have been eci e ) an the constr+ction of one of 2hich 2as to have beg+n b, the en of the last Iranian ,ear (20 9arch 2011) or the start of this Iranian ,ear&2%)24 In /+g+st 2011) Dr /bbasi 2as reporte as having sai that Iran i not nee to b+il ne2 enrichment facilities +ring the neAt t2o ,ears&25 Iran has not provi e information) as re1+este b, the /genc, in its letter of 18 /+g+st 2010) in connection 2ith its anno+ncement on ; 8ebr+ar, 2010 that it possesse laser enrichment technolog,&2$ /s a res+lt of Iran?s lac> of cooperation on those iss+es) the /genc, is +nable to verif, an report f+ll, on these matters&

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20 21 22 2% 24 25

Dr 8ere, o+n /bbasi) KIran to 'riple .ro +ction of 20J6Enriche 3rani+m?) 8ars Ne2s /genc,) 8 =+ne 2011& !O"#2011#2:) para& 20& 'he res+lts i sho2 a small n+mber of particles of eplete +rani+m (!O"#2010#10) para& 1;)& KIran *pecifies Focation for 10 Ne2 Enrichment *ites?) 8ars Ne2s /genc,) 1$ /+g+st 2010& !O"#2010#4$) para& %%&

KIran atomic chief sa,s f+el s2ap tal>s over: I0N/?) /gence 8rance .ress article of %1 /+g+st 2011) citing remar>s ma e b, Dr /bbasi +ring an intervie2 2ith the Islamic 0ep+blic Ne2s /genc,&
2$

-ite on the 2ebsite of the .resi enc, of the Islamic 0ep+blic of Iran) ; 8ebr+ar, 2010) at http:##222&presi ent&ir#en#L/rtIDM20255 &

!O"#2011#$5 .age $

D. Re1rocessin# Acti(ities
28& .+rs+ant to the relevant resol+tions of the (oar of !overnors an the *ec+rit, -o+ncil) Iran is oblige to s+spen its reprocessing activities) incl+ ing 0ID&2; In a letter to the /genc, ate 15 8ebr+ar, 2008) Iran state that it D oes not have reprocessing activitiesE& In that conteAt) the /genc, has contin+e to monitor the +se of hot cells at '00 an the 9ol,b en+m) Io ine an Nenon 0a ioisotope .ro +ction (9IN) 8acilit,&28 'he /genc, carrie o+t an inspection an esign information verification (DI") at '00 on 15 October 2011) an a DI" at the 9IN 8acilit, on 1$ October 2011& It is onl, 2ith respect to '00) the 9IN 8acilit, an the other facilities to 2hich the /genc, has access that the /genc, can confirm that there are no ongoing reprocessing relate activities in Iran&

&. 2ea(y 3ater Related ,ro4ects

2:& -ontrar, to the relevant resol+tions of the (oar of !overnors an the *ec+rit, -o+ncil) Iran has not s+spen e 2or> on all heav, 2ater relate proGects) incl+ ing the constr+ction of the heav, 2ater mo erate research reactor) the Iran N+clear 0esearch 0eactor (I0640 0eactor)) 2hich is s+bGect to /genc, safeg+ar s&2: %0& On 1; October 2011) the /genc, carrie o+t a DI" at the I0640 0eactor at /ra> an observe that constr+ction of the facilit, 2as ongoing an the coolant heat eAchangers ha been installe & /ccor ing to Iran) the operation of the I0640 0eactor is planne to commence b, the en of 201%& %1& *ince its visit to the Beav, 7ater .ro +ction .lant (B7..) on 1; /+g+st 2011) the /genc,) in a letter to Iran ate 20 October 2011) re1+este f+rther access to B7..& 'he /genc, has ,et to receive a repl, to that letter) an is again rel,ing on satellite imager, to monitor the stat+s of B7..& (ase on recent images) the B7.. appears to be in operation& 'o ate) Iran has not provi e the /genc, access to the heav, 2ater store at the 3rani+m -onversion 8acilit, (3-8) in or er to ta>e samples&%0

F. 5raniu$ %on(ersion and Fuel Fabrication

%2& /ltho+gh it is oblige to s+spen all enrichment relate activities an heav, 2ater relate proGects) Iran is con +cting a n+mber of activities at 3-8 an the 8+el 9an+fact+ring .lant (89.) at Esfahan 2hich) as escribe belo2) are in contravention of those obligations) altho+gh both facilities are +n er /genc, safeg+ar s& %%& 5raniu$ %on(ersion Facility+ On 18 October 2011) the /genc, carrie o+t a DI" at 3-8 +ring 2hich the /genc, observe the ongoing installation of the process e1+ipment for the conversion of 38$ enriche +p to 20J 362%5 into 3%O8& D+ring the DI") Iran informe the /genc, that the initial tests of 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
2; *#0E*#1$:$ (200$)) para& 2< *#0E*#1;%; (200$)) para& 2< *#0E*#1;4; (200;)) para& 1< *#0E*#180% (2008)) para& 1< *#0E*#18%5 (2008)) para& 4< *#0E*#1:2: (2010)) para& 2& 28 'he 9IN 8acilit, is a hot cell compleA for the separation of ra iopharmace+tical isotopes from targets) incl+ ing +rani+m) irra iate at '00& 'he 9IN 8acilit, is not c+rrentl, processing an, +rani+m targets& 2: *#0E*#1;%; (200$)) para& 2< *#0E*#1;4; (200;)) para& 1< *#0E*#180% (2008)) para& 1< *#0E*#18%5 (2008)) para& 4< *#0E*#1:2: (2010)) para& 2& %0

!O"#2010#10) paras 20 an 21&

!O"#2011#$5 .age ;

this conversion line) originall, sche +le to start on $ *eptember 2011) ha been postpone an 2o+l not involve the +se of n+clear material& %4& /s previo+sl, reporte ) Iran informe the /genc, in =+l, 2011 that it 2o+l start 0ID activities at 3-8 for the conversion of 38$ enriche +p to 5J 362%5 into 3O2& D+ring the aforementione DI") Iran informe the /genc, that $&8 >g of D3 in the form of 38$ ha been processe an that Iran ha pro +ce 11% g of +rani+m in the form of 3O2 that met its specifications& /ccor ing to Iran) this 3O2 has been sent to 89. to pro +ce test pellets& Iran has also starte +sing 38$ enriche to %&%4J 362%5 to pro +ce 3O2& D+ring the DI") Iran f+rther informe the /genc, that this 3O2 2o+l also be sent to 89. to pro +ce f+el pellets) 2hich 2o+l then be sent to '00 for Dperformance test st+ iesE& %5& In a letter ate 4 October 2011) Iran informe the /genc, of the postponement of the pro +ction of nat+ral 38$) involving the +se of +rani+m ore concentrate (3O-) pro +ce at the (an ar /bbas 3rani+m .ro +ction .lant) originall, sche +le to restart on 2% October 2011& In a letter ate 11 October 2011) Iran informe the /genc, that) from 11 November 2011) it inten e to +se 3O- pro +ce at the (an ar /bbas 3rani+m .ro +ction .lant for the pro +ction of nat+ral +rani+m in the form of 3O2& D+ring the DI" on 18 October 2011) the /genc, too> a sample of this 3O-& D+ring the same DI") Iran informe the /genc, that) since 2% =+l, 2011) it ha fe into the process :58&; >g of +rani+m in the form of 3O-%1 an pro +ce abo+t 185&$ >g of nat+ral +rani+m in the form of 3O2) an f+rther in icate that some of the pro +ct ha been fe bac> into the process& In a letter ate 8 October 2011) Iran informe the /genc, that it ha transferre abo+t 1 >g of this 3O2 to the 0ID section of 89. in or er to Dcon +ct research activities an pellet fabricationE& %$& Fuel 6anufacturin# ,lant+ /s previo+sl, reporte ) in a DIH for 89. ate %1 9a, 2011) Iran informe the /genc, that a fresh f+el ro of nat+ral 3O2 man+fact+re at 89. 2o+l be shippe to '00 for irra iation an post6irra iation anal,sis& On 15 October 2011) the /genc, carrie o+t an inspection an a DI" at '00 an confirme that) on 2% /+g+st 2011) Iran ha starte to irra iate a protot,pe f+el ro containing nat+ral 3O2 that ha been man+fact+re at 89.& In a letter ate %0 /+g+st 2011) Iran informe the /genc, that Dfor the time beingE it ha no plans to con +ct an, estr+ctive testing on the ro an that onl, non6 estr+ctive testing 2o+l be con +cte at '00& %;& On 22 October 2011) the /genc, carrie o+t an inspection an a DI" at 89. an confirme that Iran ha starte to install some e1+ipment for the fabrication of f+el for '00&%2 D+ring the inspection) the /genc, verifie five f+el plates containing nat+ral 3%O8 that ha been pro +ce at the 0ID laborator, at 89. for testing p+rposes&

G. ,ossible 6ilitary Di$ensions

%8& .revio+s reports b, the Director !eneral have i entifie o+tstan ing iss+es relate to possible militar, imensions to Iran?s n+clear programme an actions re1+ire of Iran to resolve these&%% *ince 2002) the /genc, has become increasingl, concerne abo+t the possible eAistence in Iran of +n isclose n+clear relate activities involving militar, relate organiCations) incl+ ing activities relate to the evelopment of a n+clear pa,loa for a missile) abo+t 2hich the /genc, has reg+larl, receive ne2 information& 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
%1 %2 %%

'his 2as ta>en from Iran?s stoc>pile of importe 3O- (!O"#200%#;5) /nneA I) para& 8)& !O"#2010#4$) para& 2$& !O"#2011#2:) para& %5< !O"#2011#;) /ttachment< !O"#2010#10) paras 40@45< !O"#200:#55) paras 18@25< !O"#2008#%8) paras 14@21< !O"#2008#15) paras 14@25 an /nneA< !O"#2008#4) paras %5@42&

!O"#2011#$5 .age 8

%:& 'he (oar of !overnors has calle on Iran on a n+mber of occasions to engage 2ith the /genc, on the resol+tion of all o+tstan ing iss+es in or er to eAcl+ e the eAistence of possible militar, imensions to Iran?s n+clear programme&%4 In resol+tion 1:2: (2010)) the *ec+rit, -o+ncil reaffirme Iran?s obligations to ta>e the steps re1+ire b, the (oar of !overnors in its resol+tions !O"#200$#14 an !O"#200:#82) an to cooperate f+ll, 2ith the /genc, on all o+tstan ing iss+es) partic+larl, those 2hich give rise to concerns abo+t the possible militar, imensions to Iran?s n+clear programme) incl+ ing b, provi ing access 2itho+t ela, to all sites) e1+ipment) persons an oc+ments re1+este b, the /genc,&%5 *ince /+g+st 2008) Iran has not engage 2ith the /genc, in an, s+bstantive 2a, on this matter& 40& 'he Director !eneral) in his opening remar>s to the (oar of !overnors on 12 *eptember 2011) state that in the near f+t+re he hope to set o+t in greater etail the basis for the /genc,Os concerns so that all 9ember *tates 2o+l be >ept f+ll, informe & In line 2ith that statement) the /nneA to this report provi es a etaile anal,sis of the information available to the /genc, to ate 2hich has given rise to concerns abo+t possible militar, imensions to Iran?s n+clear programme& 41& 'he anal,sis itself is base on a str+ct+re an s,stematic approach to information anal,sis 2hich the /genc, +ses in its eval+ation of safeg+ar s implementation in all *tates 2ith comprehensive safeg+ar s agreements in force& 'his approach involves) inter alia) the i entification of in icators of the eAistence or evelopment of the processes associate 2ith n+clear6relate activities) incl+ ing 2eaponiCation& 42& 'he information 2hich serves as the basis for the /genc,?s anal,sis an concerns) as i entifie in the /nneA) is assesse b, the /genc, to be) overall) cre ible& 'he information comes from a 2i e variet, of in epen ent so+rces) incl+ ing from a n+mber of 9ember *tates) from the /genc,?s o2n efforts an from information provi e b, Iran itself& It is consistent in terms of technical content) in ivi +als an organiCations involve ) an time frames& 4%& 'he information in icates that Iran has carrie o+t the follo2ing activities that are relevant to the evelopment of a n+clear eAplosive evice: Efforts) some s+ccessf+l) to proc+re n+clear relate an +al +se e1+ipment an materials b, militar, relate in ivi +als an entities (/nneA) *ections -&1 an -&2)< Efforts to evelop +n eclare *ection -&%)< path2a,s for the pro +ction of n+clear material (/nneA) oc+mentation from a

'he ac1+isition of n+clear 2eapons evelopment information an clan estine n+clear s+ppl, net2or> (/nneA) *ection -&4)< an

7or> on the evelopment of an in igeno+s esign of a n+clear 2eapon incl+ ing the testing of components (/nneA) *ections -&5@-&12)&

44& 7hile some of the activities i entifie in the /nneA have civilian as 2ell as militar, applications) others are specific to n+clear 2eapons& 45& 'he information in icates that prior to the en of 200% the above activities too> place +n er a str+ct+re programme& 'here are also in ications that some activities relevant to the evelopment of a n+clear eAplosive evice contin+e after 200%) an that some ma, still be ongoing&

5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
%4 %5

9ost recentl, in !O"#200:#82 (2; November 200:)& *#0E*#1:2:) paras 2 an %&

!O"#2011#$5 .age :

2. Desi#n Infor$ation
4$& 'he mo ifie -o e %&1 of the *+bsi iar, /rrangements !eneral .art to Iran?s *afeg+ar s /greement provi es for the s+bmission to the /genc, of esign information for ne2 facilities as soon as the ecision to constr+ct) or to a+thoriCe constr+ction of) a ne2 facilit, has been ta>en) 2hichever is the earlier& 'he mo ifie -o e %&1 also provi es for the s+bmission of f+ller esign information as the esign is evelope earl, in the proGect efinition) preliminar, esign) constr+ction an commissioning phases& Iran remains the onl, *tate 2ith significant n+clear activities in 2hich the /genc, is implementing a comprehensive safeg+ar s agreement b+t 2hich is not implementing the provisions of the mo ifie -o e %&1&%$ 'he /genc, is still a2aiting receipt from Iran of +p ate esign information for the I0640 0eactor) an f+rther information p+rs+ant to statements it has ma e concerning the planne constr+ction of ne2 +rani+m enrichment facilities an the esign of a reactor similar to '00&%; 4;& /s reporte previo+sl,) Iran?s response to /genc, re1+ests for Iran to confirm or provi e f+rther information regar ing its statements concerning its intention to constr+ct ne2 n+clear facilities is that it 2o+l provi e the /genc, 2ith the re1+ire information in D +e timeE rather than as re1+ire b, the mo ifie -o e %&1 of the *+bsi iar, /rrangements !eneral .art to its *afeg+ar s /greement&%8

I. Additional ,rotocol
48& -ontrar, to the relevant resol+tions of the (oar of !overnors an the *ec+rit, -o+ncil) Iran is not implementing its / itional .rotocol& 'he /genc, 2ill not be in a position to provi e cre ible ass+rance abo+t the absence of +n eclare n+clear material an activities in Iran +nless an +ntil Iran provi es the necessar, cooperation 2ith the /genc,) incl+ ing b, implementing its / itional .rotocol&%:

7. Ot'er 6atters
4:& In /+g+st 2011) the /genc, carrie o+t a .I" at the =abr Ibn Ba,an 9+ltip+rpose 0esearch Faborator, (=BF) to verif,) inter alia) n+clear material) in the form of nat+ral +rani+m metal an process 2aste) relate to the conversion eAperiments carrie o+t b, Iran bet2een 1::5 an 2002&40)41 'he /genc,?s meas+rement of this material 2as 1:&8 >g less than the operator?s eclaration of 2;0&; >g& In a letter ate 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
%$

In accor ance 2ith /rticle %: of Iran?s *afeg+ar s /greement) agree *+bsi iar, /rrangements cannot be change +nilaterall,< nor is there a mechanism in the *afeg+ar s /greement for the s+spension of provisions agree to in the *+bsi iar, /rrangements& 'herefore) as previo+sl, eAplaine in the Director !eneral?s reports (see e&g& !O"#200;#22) 2% 9a, 200;)) the mo ifie -o e %&1) as agree to b, Iran in 200%) remains in force& Iran is f+rther bo+n b, operative paragraph 5 of *ec+rit, -o+ncil resol+tion 1:2: (2010) to Dcompl, f+ll, an 2itho+t 1+alification 2ith its I/E/ *afeg+ar s /greement) incl+ ing thro+gh the application of mo ifie -o e %&1E& !O"#2010#4$) para& %2& *ee para& 2; of this report an !O"#2011#2:) para& %;&

%; %8 %:

Iran?s / itional .rotocol 2as approve b, the (oar on 21 November 200% an signe b, Iran on 18 December 200%) altho+gh it has not been bro+ght into force& Iran provisionall, implemente its / itional .rotocol bet2een December 200% an 8ebr+ar, 200$& 'his material ha been +n er /genc, seal since 200%&

40 41

!O"#200%#;5) paras 20@25 an /nneA 1< !O"#2004#%4) para& %2) an /nneA) paras 10@12< !O"#2004#$0) para& %%) an /nneA) paras 1@;&

!O"#2011#$5 .age 10

2 November 2011) Iran provi e a to tr, to resolve this iscrepanc,&

itional information on this matter& 'he /genc, is 2or>ing 2ith Iran

50& /s previo+sl, reporte ) in a letter ate 1: =+ne 2011) Iran informe the /genc, of its intention to Dtransfer some of spent f+el assemblies (BE3 Phigh enriche +rani+mQ -ontrol 8+el Element (-8E) an *tan ar 8+el Element (*8E)) from spent f+el pool (R9.E) to reactor core (R9.() in or er to con +ct a research proGectE& /s of 15 October 2011) this activit, ha ,et to begin& 51& On 2 an % October 2011) the /genc, carrie o+t an inspection at the (+shehr N+clear .o2er .lant) +ring 2hich the /genc, note that the reactor 2as in operation& Iran s+bse1+entl, informe the /genc, that the reactor has since been sh+t o2n for ro+tine maintenance&

8. "u$$ary
52& 7hile the /genc, contin+es to verif, the non6 iversion of eclare n+clear material at the n+clear facilities an FO8s eclare b, Iran +n er its *afeg+ar s /greement) as Iran is not provi ing the necessar, cooperation) incl+ ing b, not implementing its / itional .rotocol) the /genc, is +nable to provi e cre ible ass+rance abo+t the absence of +n eclare n+clear material an activities in Iran) an therefore to concl+ e that all n+clear material in Iran is in peacef+l activities&42 5%& 'he /genc, has serio+s concerns regar ing possible militar, imensions to Iran?s n+clear programme& /fter assessing caref+ll, an criticall, the eAtensive information available to it) the /genc, fin s the information to be) overall) cre ible& 'he information in icates that Iran has carrie o+t activities relevant to the evelopment of a n+clear eAplosive evice& 'he information also in icates that prior to the en of 200%) these activities too> place +n er a str+ct+re programme) an that some activities ma, still be ongoing& 54& !iven the concerns i entifie above) Iran is re1+este to engage s+bstantivel, 2ith the /genc, 2itho+t ela, for the p+rpose of provi ing clarifications regar ing possible militar, imensions to Iran?s n+clear programme as i entifie in the /nneA to this report& 55& 'he /genc, is 2or>ing 2ith Iran 2ith a vie2 to resolving the iscrepanc, i entifie recent .I" at =BF& +ring the

5$& 'he Director !eneral +rges Iran) as re1+ire in the bin ing resol+tions of the (oar of !overnors an man ator, *ec+rit, -o+ncil resol+tions) to ta>e steps to2ar s the f+ll implementation of its *afeg+ar s /greement an its other obligations) incl+ ing: implementation of the provisions of its / itional .rotocol< implementation of the mo ifie -o e %&1 of the *+bsi iar, /rrangements !eneral .art to its *afeg+ar s /greement< s+spension of enrichment relate activities< s+spension of heav, 2ater relate activities< an ) as referre to above) a ressing the /genc,?s serio+s concerns abo+t possible militar, imensions to Iran?s n+clear programme) in or er to establish international confi ence in the eAcl+sivel, peacef+l nat+re of Iran?s n+clear programme& 5;& 'he Director !eneral 2ill contin+e to report as appropriate&

5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
42 'he (oar has confirme on n+mero+s occasions) since as earl, as 1::2) that paragraph 2 of IN8-I0-#15% (-orr&)) 2hich correspon s to /rticle 2 of Iran?s *afeg+ar s /greement) a+thoriCes an re1+ires the /genc, to see> to verif, both the non6 iversion of n+clear material from eclare activities (i&e& correctness) an the absence of +n eclare n+clear activities in the *tate (i&e& completeness) (see) for eAample) !O"#O0&8$4) para& 4:)&

!O"#2011#$5 /nneA .age 1

A))&9

,ossible 6ilitary Di$ensions to Iran!s )uclear ,ro#ra$$e

1& 'his /nneA consists of three *ections: *ection /) 2hich provi es an historical overvie2 of the /genc,?s efforts to resolve 1+estions abo+t the scope an nat+re of Iran?s n+clear programme) in partic+lar regar ing concerns abo+t possible militar, imensions< *ection () 2hich provi es a general escription of the so+rces of information available to the /genc, an its assessment of the cre ibilit, of that information< an *ection -) 2hich reflects the /genc,?s anal,sis of the information available to it in the conteAt of relevant in icators of the eAistence or evelopment of processes associate 2ith n+clear6relate activities) incl+ ing 2eaponiCation&

A. 2istorical O(er(ie/
2& *ince late 2002) the Director !eneral has reporte to the (oar of !overnors on the /genc,?s concerns abo+t the nat+re of Iran?s n+clear programme& *+ch concerns coinci e 2ith the appearance in open so+rces of information 2hich in icate that Iran 2as b+il ing a large +n ergro+n n+clear relate facilit, at NatanC an a heav, 2ater pro +ction plant at /ra>&1 %& (et2een 200% an 2004) the /genc, confirme a n+mber of significant fail+res on the part of Iran to meet its obligations +n er its *afeg+ar s /greement 2ith respect to the reporting of n+clear material) the processing an +se of +n eclare n+clear material an the fail+re to eclare facilities 2here the n+clear material ha been receive ) store an processe &2 *pecificall,) it 2as iscovere that) as earl, as the late 1:;0s an earl, 1:80s) an contin+ing into the 1::0s an 2000s) Iran ha +se +n eclare n+clear material for testing an eAperimentation in several +rani+m conversion) enrichment) fabrication an irra iation activities) incl+ ing the separation of pl+toni+m) at +n eclare locations an facilities&% 4& In October 200%) Iran informe the Director !eneral that it ha a opte a polic, of f+ll isclos+re an ha eci e to provi e the /genc, 2ith a f+ll pict+re of its n+clear activities&4 8ollo2ing that anno+ncement) Iran grante the /genc, access to locations the /genc, re1+este to visit) provi e information an clarifications in relation to the origin of importe e1+ipment an components an ma e in ivi +als available for intervie2s& It also contin+e to implement the mo ifie -o e %&1 of the *+bsi iar, /rrangements !eneral .art) to 2hich it agree in 8ebr+ar, 200%) 2hich provi es for the s+bmission of esign information on ne2 n+clear facilities as soon as the ecision to constr+ct or to a+thoriCe constr+ction of s+ch a facilit, is ta>en&5 In November 200%) Iran anno+nce its intention to sign an / itional .rotocol to its *afeg+ar s /greement (2hich it i in December 200% follo2ing (oar approval of the teAt)) an that) prior to its entr, into force) Iran 2o+l act in accor ance 2ith the provisions of that .rotocol&$ 5& (et2een 200% an earl, 200$) Iran s+bmitte inventor, change reports) provi e esign information 2ith respect to facilities 2here the +n eclare activities ha ta>en place an ma e n+clear 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
1 2 % 4 5 $

!O"#200%#40) para& %& !O"#200%#40) para& %2< !O"#200%#;5) para& 48< !O"#2004#8%) paras 85@8$< !O"#2005#$;) para& 4& !O"#200%#;5) /nneA 1< !O"#2004#8%) paras 85@8$& !O"#200%#;5) paras 1% an 15& !O"#200%#40) para& $& Iran stoppe implementing the mo ifie -o e %&1 in 9arch 200; (!O"#200;#22) para& 12)&

!O"#200%#;5) para& 18& 'he / itional .rotocol 2as approve b, the (oar of !overnors on 21 November 200%) an signe on behalf of Iran an the /genc, on 18 December 200% (!O"#2004#11) para& 5)& In 8ebr+ar, 200$) Iran notifie the /genc, that it 2o+l no longer implement the provisions of the / itional .rotocol (!O"#200$#15) para& %1)&

!O"#2011#$5 /nneA .age 2

material available for /genc, verification& Iran also ac>no2le ge that it ha +tiliCe entities 2ith lin>s to the 9inistr, of Defence in some of its previo+sl, +n eclare activities&; Iran ac>no2le ge that it ha ha contacts 2ith interme iaries of a clan estine n+clear s+ppl, net2or> in 1:8; an the earl, 1::0s) an that) in 1:8;) it ha receive a han 2ritten one page oc+ment offering assistance 2ith the evelopment of +rani+m centrif+ge enrichment technolog,) in 2hich reference 2as also ma e to a reconversion +nit 2ith casting e1+ipment&8 Iran f+rther ac>no2le ge that it ha receive a pac>age of information relate to centrif+ge enrichment technolog, that also incl+ e a 15 page oc+ment (hereafter referre to as the D+rani+m metal oc+mentE) 2hich Iran sai it i not as> for an 2hich escribes) inter alia) processes for the conversion of +rani+m fl+ori e compo+n s into +rani+m metal an the pro +ction of hemispherical enriche +rani+m metallic components&: $& 'he /genc, contin+e to see> clarification of iss+es 2ith respect to the scope an nat+re of Iran?s n+clear programme) partic+larl, in light of Iran?s a missions concerning its contacts 2ith the clan estine n+clear s+ppl, net2or>) information provi e b, participants in that net2or> an information 2hich ha been provi e to the /genc, b, a 9ember *tate& 'his last information) collectivel, referre to as the Dallege st+ ies oc+mentationE) 2hich 2as ma e >no2n to the /genc, in 2005) in icate that Iran ha been engage in activities involving st+ ies on a so6calle green salt proGect) high eAplosives testing an the re6engineering of a missile re6entr, vehicle to accommo ate a ne2 pa,loa &10 /ll of this information) ta>en together) gave rise to concerns abo+t possible militar, imensions to Iran?s n+clear programme& ;& In /+g+st 200;) Iran an the /genc, agree on D3n erstan ings of the Islamic 0ep+blic of Iran an the I/E/ on the 9o alities of 0esol+tion of the O+tstan ing Iss+esE (generall, referre to as the D2or> planE) (IN8-I0-#;11)& (, 8ebr+ar, 2008) the fo+r items i entifie in the 2or> plan as Dpast o+tstan ing iss+esE) an the t2o items i entifie as Dother o+tstan ing iss+esE) ha been etermine b, the /genc, to be either close ) complete or no longer o+tstan ing11& 'he remaining iss+es 2hich nee e to be clarifie b, Iran relate to the allege st+ ies) together 2ith other matters 2hich ha arisen in the co+rse of resolving the siA other iss+es an 2hich nee e to be a resse in connection 2ith the allege st+ ies) specificall,: the circ+mstances of Iran?s ac1+isition of the +rani+m metal oc+ment) proc+rement an research an evelopment (0ID) activities of militar, relate instit+tes an companies that co+l be n+clear relate < an the pro +ction of n+clear e1+ipment an components b, companies belonging to efence in +stries&12 8& (et2een 8ebr+ar, an 9a, 2008) p+rs+ant to the 2or> plan) the /genc, share 2ith Iran information (incl+ ing oc+mentation) on the allege st+ ies) an so+ght clarifications from Iran&1% In 9a, 2008) Iran s+bmitte to the /genc, a 11; page assessment of that information& 7hile Iran confirme the veracit, of some of the information 2hich the /genc, ha share 2ith it (s+ch as ac>no2le gement of names of people) places an organiCations)) Iran?s assessment 2as foc+se on eficiencies in form an format) an ismisse the allegations as having been base on Dforge E oc+ments an Dfabricate E ata&14 :& 'he /genc, contin+e to receive a itional information from 9ember *tates an ac1+ire ne2 information as a res+lt of its o2n efforts& 'he /genc, trie 2itho+t s+ccess to engage Iran in isc+ssions

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; 8

!O"#2004#11) para& %;&

Iran has state that the interme iaries offere the reconversion +nit 2ith casting e1+ipment on their o2n initiative) not at the re1+est of the /EOI& Iran also state that it i not receive the reconversion +nit (!O"#2005#$;) para& 14)&
:

!O"#2005#8;) para& $< !O"#200;#58) para& 25& .a>istan confirme ) in response to an /genc, in1+ir,) that an i entical oc+ment eAiste in .a>istan (!O"#2008#15) para& 24)& !O"#200$#15) para& %8& !O"#200;#58) paras 18) 2%) 25< !O"#2008#4) paras 11) 18) 24) %4& !O"#2008#15) paras 14@15) 25& !O"#2008#15) para& 1$& !O"#2008#%8) para& 15&

10 11 12 1% 14

!O"#2011#$5 /nneA .age %

abo+t the information) an information&15

finall, 2rote to Iran in October 2010 to inform it abo+t this a itional

10& (et2een 200; an 2010) Iran contin+e to conceal n+clear activities) b, not informing the /genc, in a timel, manner of the ecision to constr+ct or to a+thoriCe constr+ction of a ne2 n+clear po2er plant at Dar>hovin1$ an a thir enrichment facilit, near Hom (the 8or o2 8+el Enrichment .lant)&1;)18 'he /genc, is still a2aiting s+bstantive responses from Iran to /genc, re1+ests for f+rther information abo+t its anno+ncements) in 200: an 2010 respectivel,) that it ha eci e to constr+ct ten a itional enrichment facilities (the locations for five of 2hich ha alrea , been i entifie )1: an that it possesse laser enrichment technolog,&20 11& 'he /genc, has contin+e to receive) collect an eval+ate information relevant to possible militar, imensions to Iran?s n+clear programme& /s a itional information has become available to the /genc,) the /genc, has been able) not2ithstan ing Iran?s lac> of engagement) to refine its anal,sis of possible militar, imensions to Iran?s n+clear programme&21

. %redibility of Infor$ation
12& /s in icate in paragraph $ above) among the information available to the /genc, is the allege st+ ies oc+mentation: a large vol+me of oc+mentation (incl+ ing correspon ence) reports) vie2 graphs from presentations) vi eos an engineering ra2ings)) amo+nting to over a tho+san pages& 'he information reflecte in that oc+mentation is of a technicall, compleA an interconnecte nat+re) sho2ing research) evelopment an testing activities over time& It also contains 2or>ing level correspon ence consistent 2ith the a, to a, implementation of a formal programme& -onsistent 2ith the /genc,?s practice) that information has been caref+ll, an criticall, eAamine & 'he /genc, has also ha several meetings 2ith the 9ember *tate to clarif, the information it ha provi e ) to 1+estion the 9ember *tate abo+t the forensics it ha carrie o+t on the oc+mentation an the information reflecte in it) an to obtain more information on the +n erl,ing so+rces& 1%& In a ition to the allege st+ ies oc+mentation) the /genc, has receive information from more than ten 9ember *tates& 'his has incl+ e proc+rement information) information on international travel b, in ivi +als sai to have been involve in the allege activities) financial recor s) oc+ments reflecting health an safet, arrangements) an other oc+ments emonstrating man+fact+ring techni1+es for certain high eAplosive components& 'his information reinforces an ten s to corroborate the information reflecte in the allege st+ ies oc+mentation) an relates to activities s+bstantiall, be,on those i entifie in that oc+mentation& 14& In a ition to the information referre to in paragraphs 12 an 1% above) the /genc, has ac1+ire information as a res+lt of its o2n efforts) incl+ ing p+blications an articles ac1+ire thro+gh open so+rce research) satellite imager,) the res+lts of /genc, verification activities an information provi e b, Iran in the conteAt of those verification activities&22 Importantl,) the /genc, has also ha irect isc+ssions 2ith a n+mber of in ivi +als 2ho 2ere involve in relevant activities in Iran) incl+ ing) for eAample) an intervie2 2ith a lea ing fig+re in the clan estine n+clear s+ppl, net2or> (see paragraph %5 belo2)& 'he information obtaine b, the /genc, from the isc+ssions 2ith these in ivi +als is consistent 2ith the 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
15 1$ 1; 18 1:

!O"#2010#$2) paras %4@%5& !O"#2008#%8) para& 11& !O"#200:#;4) paras ;@1;& !O"#2010#10) para& %1< !O"#2010#28) para& %1< !O"#2010#4$) para& %1&

!O"#2010#10) para& %%& In /+g+st 2010) Iran informe the /genc, that the constr+ction of one of these facilities 2as to start at the en of the c+rrent Iranian ,ear (9arch 2011) or the beginning of the neAt ,ear (!O"#2010#4$) para& %%)&
20 21 22

!O"#2010#4$) para& 18& !O"#2011#54) para& 4%& 8+rther specific eAamples are escribe belo2 in *ection - of this /nneA&

!O"#2011#$5 /nneA .age 4

information provi e b, 9ember *tates) an that ac1+ire thro+gh its o2n efforts) in terms of time frames an technical content& 15& /s in icate in paragraph 8 above) Iran has ac>no2le ge certain information reflecte in the allege st+ ies oc+mentation& Bo2ever) man, of the ans2ers given b, Iran to 1+estions pose b, the /genc, in connection 2ith efforts to resolve the /genc,?s concerns have been imprecise an #or incomplete) an the information has been slo2 in coming an sometimes contra ictor,& 'his) combine 2ith events s+ch as the ismantling of the Favisan6*hian site in late 200%#earl, 2004 (see paragraph 1: belo2)) an a pattern of late or after the fact ac>no2le gement of the eAistence of previo+sl, +n eclare parts of Iran?s n+clear programme) have ten e to increase the /genc,?s concerns) rather than ispel them& 1$& /s in icate above) the information consoli ate an presente in this /nneA comes from a 2i e variet, of in epen ent so+rces) incl+ ing from a n+mber of 9ember *tates) from the /genc,?s o2n efforts an from information provi e b, Iran itself& It is overall consistent in terms of technical content) in ivi +als an organiCations involve an time frames& (ase on these consi erations) an in light of the /genc,?s general >no2le ge of the Iranian n+clear programme an its historical evol+tion) the /genc, fin s the information +pon 2hich .art - of this /nneA is base to be) overall) cre ible&

%. )uclear &:1losi(e De(elo1$ent Indicators

1;& 7ithin its n+clear programme) Iran has evelope the capabilit, to enrich +rani+m to a level of +p to 20J 362%5) eclare to be for +se as f+el in research reactors& In the absence of an, in icators that Iran is c+rrentl, consi ering reprocessing irra iate n+clear f+el to eAtract pl+toni+m)2% the /genc, has) to ate) foc+se its anal,sis of Iran?s n+clear programme on an ac1+isition path involving high enriche +rani+m (BE3)& (ase on in icators observe b, the /genc, in connection 2ith Iran?s n+clear activities) the /genc,?s 2or> has concentrate on an anal,sis pertinent to the evelopment of an BE3 implosion evice&

%.1.

,ro#ra$$e $ana#e$ent structure

18& 'he /genc, has been provi e 2ith information b, 9ember *tates 2hich in icates that the activities referre to in *ections -&2 to -&12 2ere) at least for some significant perio of time) manage thro+gh a programme str+ct+re) assiste b, a visor, bo ies) an that) o2ing to the importance of these efforts) senior Iranian fig+res feat+re 2ithin this comman str+ct+re& 8rom anal,sis of this information an information provi e b, Iran) an thro+gh its o2n en eavo+rs) the /genc, has been able to constr+ct 2hat it believes to be a goo +n erstan ing of activities +n erta>en b, Iran prior to the en of 200%& 'he /genc,?s abilit, to constr+ct an e1+all, goo +n erstan ing of activities in Iran after the en of 200% is re +ce ) +e to the more limite information available to the /genc,& 8or ease of reference) the fig+re belo2 epicts) in s+mmar, form) 2hat the /genc, +n erstan s of the programme str+ct+re) an a ministrative changes in that str+ct+re over the ,ears& /ttachment 1 to this /nneA provi es f+rther etails) erive from that information) abo+t the organiCational arrangements an proGects 2ithin that programme str+ct+re&

5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
2%

Nevertheless) there are) an have been in the past) activities in Iran relevant to the pro +ction of pl+toni+m&

!O"#2011#$5 /nneA .age 5

9inistr, of Defence /rme 8orces Fogistics (9OD/8F)

E +cation 0esearch Instit+te (E0I) -reate in 1:8:#:0 to coor inate Defence 0ID

*cientific -ommittee 2ith office at E0I 1:8: 1::8#:: 2002 2004 200$ /+g 2008 2010 8eb 2011 Organisation of Defensive Innovation an 0esearch (*.ND)

.h,sics 0esearch -entre (.B0-)

Departments

/9/D .lan

.roGects

*ection for / vance Development -entres /pplications I 'echnologies (*/D/')

.ar is 'ehran 9ale> /shtar -ompleAes 3niversit, (93')

Orchi Office) Orchi *cientific 0esearch -entre

Instit+te of /pplie .h,sics (I/.)

1:& 'he /genc, receive information from 9ember *tates 2hich in icates that) sometime after the commencement b, Iran in the late 1:80s of covert proc+rement activities)24 organiCational str+ct+res an a ministrative arrangements for an +n eclare n+clear programme 2ere establishe an manage thro+gh the .h,sics 0esearch -entre (.B0-)) an 2ere overseen) thro+gh a *cientific -ommittee) b, the Defence In +stries E +cation 0esearch Instit+te (E0I)) establishe to coor inate efence 0ID for the 9inistr, of Defence /rme 8orces Fogistics (9OD/8F)& Iran has confirme that the .B0- 2as establishe in 1:8: at Favisan6*hian) in 'ehran& Iran has state that the .B0- 2as create 2ith the p+rpose of Dprepare ness to combat an ne+traliCation of cas+alties +e to n+clear attac>s an acci ents (n+clear efence) an also s+pport an provi e scientific a vice an services to the 9inistr, of DefenceE& Iran has state f+rther that those activities 2ere stoppe in 1::8&25 In late 200%#earl, 2004) Iran completel, cleare the site&2$ 20& /ccor ing to information provi e b, 9ember *tates) b, the late 1::0s or earl, 2000s) the .B0activities 2ere consoli ate +n er the D/9/D .lanE& 9ohsen 8a>hriCa eh (9ahaba i) 2as the EAec+tive Officer of the /9/D .lan) the eAec+tive affairs of 2hich 2ere performe b, the DOrchi OfficeE&2; 9ost of the activities carrie o+t +n er the /9/D .lan appear to have been con +cte +ring 2002 an 200%& 21& 'he maGorit, of the etails of the 2or> sai to have been con +cte +n er the /9/D .lan come from the allege st+ ies oc+mentation 2hich) as in icate in paragraph $ above) refer to st+ ies con +cte in three technical areas: the green salt proGect< high eAplosives (incl+ ing the evelopment of eAplo ing bri ge2ire etonators)< an re6engineering of the pa,loa chamber of the *hahab % missile re6entr, vehicle& 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
24 25

!O"#2004#8%< !O"#200%#;5) /nneA 1&

/t 2hich time) accor ing to Iran) the centre 2as change to the (iological *t+ ies -entre& Iran also state that) in 2002) the Instit+te of /pplie .h,sics (I/.) 2as also locate at that site) an that) altho+gh some of the biological activities contin+e there) the main obGective 2as to +se the capabilities of +niversities in Iran (in partic+lar at the 9ale> /shtar 3niversit, near Esfahan) for the e +cation an 0ID nee s of the 9inistr, of Defence (!O"#2004#8%) paras 100@101)&

2$ /ccor ing to Iran) the site 2as cleare in 200%#2004 in or er to ret+rn the lan to the local m+nicipalit, (!O"#2004#$0) paras 42@4$< !O"#2004#8%) paras :$@105)& 2;

.ossibl, so name beca+se one of the locations +se b, the /9/D .lan 2as on Orchi *treet in 'ehran&

!O"#2011#$5 /nneA .age $

22& /ccor ing to the /genc,?s assessment of the information containe in that oc+mentation) the green salt proGect (i entifie as .roGect 5&1%) 2as part of a larger proGect (i entifie as .roGect 5) to provi e a so+rce of +rani+m s+itable for +se in an +n isclose enrichment programme& 'he pro +ct of this programme 2o+l be converte into metal for +se in the ne2 2arhea 2hich 2as the s+bGect of the missile re6entr, vehicle st+ ies (i entifie as .roGect 111)& /s of 9a, 2008) the /genc, 2as not in a position to emonstrate to Iran the connection bet2een .roGect 5 an .roGect 111& Bo2ever) s+bse1+entl,) the /genc, 2as sho2n oc+ments 2hich establishe a connection bet2een .roGect 5 an .roGect 111) an hence a lin> bet2een n+clear material an a ne2 pa,loa evelopment programme& 2%& Information the /genc, has receive from 9ember *tates in icates that) o2ing to gro2ing concerns abo+t the international sec+rit, sit+ation in Ira1 an neighbo+ring co+ntries at that time) 2or> on the /9/D .lan 2as stoppe rather abr+ptl, p+rs+ant to a Dhalt or erE instr+ction iss+e in late 200% b, senior Iranian officials& /ccor ing to that information) ho2ever) staff remaine in place to recor an oc+ment the achievements of their respective proGects& *+bse1+entl,) e1+ipment an 2or> places 2ere either cleane or ispose of so that there 2o+l be little to i entif, the sensitive nat+re of the 2or> 2hich ha been +n erta>en& 24& 'he /genc, has other information from 9ember *tates 2hich in icates that some activities previo+sl, carrie o+t +n er the /9/D .lan 2ere res+me later) an that 9r 8a>hriCa eh retaine the principal organiCational role) first +n er a ne2 organiCation >no2n as the *ection for / vance Development /pplications an 'echnologies (*/D/') 28) 2hich contin+e to report to 9OD/8F) an later) in mi 62008) as the hea of the 9ale> /shtar 3niversit, of 'echnolog, (93') in 'ehran&2: 'he /genc, has been a vise b, a 9ember *tate that) in 8ebr+ar, 2011) 9r 8a>hriCa eh move his seat of operations from 93' to an a Gacent location >no2n as the 9o Geh *ite) an that he no2 lea s the OrganiCation of Defensive Innovation an 0esearch&%0 'he /genc, is concerne beca+se some of the activities +n erta>en after 200% 2o+l be highl, relevant to a n+clear 2eapon programme&

%.2.

,rocure$ent acti(ities

25& 3n er the /9/D .lan) Iran?s efforts to proc+re goo s an services allege l, involve a n+mber of ostensibl, private companies 2hich 2ere able to provi e cover for the real p+rpose of the proc+rements& 'he /genc, has been informe b, several 9ember *tates that) for instance) Rimia 9aa an 2as a cover compan, for chemical engineering operations +n er the /9/D .lan 2hile also being +se to help 2ith proc+rement for the /tomic Energ, OrganiCation of Iran (/EOI)&%1 2$& In a ition) thro+gho+t the entire timeline) instances of proc+rement an attempte proc+rement b, in ivi +als associate 2ith the /9/D .lan of e1+ipment) materials an services 2hich) altho+gh having other civilian applications) 2o+l be +sef+l in the evelopment of a n+clear eAplosive evice) have either been +ncovere b, the /genc, itself or been ma e >no2n to it&%2 /mong s+ch e1+ipment) materials an services are: high spee electronic s2itches an spar> gaps (+sef+l for triggering an firing etonators)< high spee cameras (+sef+l in eAperimental iagnostics)< ne+tron so+rces (+sef+l for calibrating ne+tron meas+ring e1+ipment)< ra iation etection an meas+ring e1+ipment (+sef+l in a n+clear material pro +ction environment)< an training co+rses on topics relevant to n+clear eAplosives evelopment (s+ch as ne+tron cross section calc+lations an shoc> 2ave interactions#h, ro ,namics)&

5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
28

'he information in icates that */D/' consiste of at least seven centres) each responsible for carr,ing o+t specific 0ID 2or>& 'he activities 2ere establishe as overt 2or> applicable to conventional militar, activities) some 2ith possible n+clear applications& 'he 2or> in the */D/' -entres re2 on reso+rces at Iranian +niversities 2hich ha laboratories available to them an st+ ents to o the research&
2: 'he information in icates that) in his ne2 role) 9r 8a>hriCa eh merge the */D/' -entres into compleAes 2ithin 93') >no2n as D.ar is 'ehranE& %0 %1 %2

Rno2n from its 8arsi initials as D*.NDE& !O"#2008#4) para& %2< !O"#200$#15) para& %:& !O"#2008#4) para& 40&

!O"#2011#$5 /nneA .age ;

%.0.

)uclear $aterial ac;uisition

2;& In 2008) the Director !eneral informe the (oar that: it ha no information at that time S apart from the +rani+m metal oc+ment S on the act+al esign or man+fact+re b, Iran of n+clear material components of a n+clear 2eapon or of certain other >e, components) s+ch as initiators) or on relate n+clear ph,sics st+ ies)%% an that it ha not etecte the act+al +se of n+clear material in connection 2ith the allege st+ ies&%4 28& Bo2ever) as in icate in paragraph 22 above) information containe in the allege st+ ies oc+mentation s+ggests that Iran 2as 2or>ing on a proGect to sec+re a so+rce of +rani+m s+itable for +se in an +n isclose enrichment programme) the pro +ct of 2hich 2o+l be converte into metal for +se in the ne2 2arhea 2hich 2as the s+bGect of the missile re6entr, vehicle st+ ies& / itional information provi e b, 9ember *tates in icates that) altho+gh +rani+m 2as not +se ) >ilogram 1+antities of nat+ral +rani+m metal 2ere available to the /9/D .lan& 2:& Information ma e available to the /genc, b, a 9ember *tate) 2hich the /genc, has been able to eAamine irectl,) in icates that Iran ma e progress 2ith eAperimentation aime at the recover, of +rani+m from fl+ori e compo+n s (+sing lea oAi e as a s+rrogate material to avoi the possibilit, of +ncontrolle contamination occ+rring in the 2or>place)& %0& In a ition) altho+gh no2 eclare an c+rrentl, +n er safeg+ar s) a n+mber of facilities e icate to +rani+m enrichment (the 8+el Enrichment .lant an .ilot 8+el Enrichment .lant at NatanC an the 8or o2 8+el Enrichment .lant near Hom) 2ere covertl, b+ilt b, Iran an onl, eclare once the /genc, 2as ma e a2are of their eAistence b, so+rces other than Iran& 'his) ta>en together 2ith the past efforts b, Iran to conceal activities involving n+clear material) create more concern abo+t the possible eAistence of +n eclare n+clear facilities an material in Iran&

%.<.

)uclear co$1onents for an e:1losi(e de(ice

%1& 8or +se in a n+clear evice) BE3 retrieve from the enrichment process is first converte to metal& 'he metal is then cast an machine into s+itable components for a n+clear core& %2& /s in icate in paragraph 5 above) Iran has ac>no2le ge that) along 2ith the han 2ritten one page oc+ment offering assistance 2ith the evelopment of +rani+m centrif+ge enrichment technolog,) in 2hich reference is also ma e to a reconversion +nit 2ith casting e1+ipment) Iran also receive the +rani+m metal oc+ment 2hich escribes) inter alia) processes for the conversion of +rani+m compo+n s into +rani+m metal an the pro +ction of hemispherical enriche +rani+m metallic components& %%& 'he +rani+m metal oc+ment is >no2n to have been available to the clan estine n+clear s+ppl, net2or> that provi e Iran 2ith assistance in eveloping its centrif+ge enrichment capabilit,) an is also >no2n to be part of a larger pac>age of information 2hich incl+ es elements of a n+clear eAplosive esign& / similar pac>age of information) 2hich s+rface in 200%) 2as provi e b, the same net2or> to Fib,a&%5 'he information in the Fib,an pac>age) 2hich 2as first revie2e b, /genc, eAperts in =an+ar, 2004) incl+ e etails on the esign an constr+ction of) an the man+fact+re of components for) a n+clear eAplosive evice&%$ %4& In a ition) a 9ember *tate provi e the /genc, eAperts 2ith access to a collection of electronic files from seiCe comp+ters belonging to >e, members of the net2or> at ifferent locations& 'hat collection incl+ e oc+ments seen in Fib,a) along 2ith more recent versions of those oc+ments) incl+ ing an +p6 ate electronic version of the +rani+m metal oc+ment& 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
%% %4 %5

!O"#2008#15) para& 24& !O"#2008#%8) para& 21&

'he same net2or> 2as also the so+rce of an +nsolicite offer to Ira1 in 1::0 for the provision of information ealing 2ith centrif+ge enrichment an n+clear 2eapon man+fact+ring (!O"#IN8#1::8#$) *ection (&%)& !O"#2004#11) para& ;;< !O"#2004#12) paras %0@%2&

%$

!O"#2011#$5 /nneA .age 8

%5& In an intervie2 in 200; 2ith a member of the clan estine n+clear s+ppl, net2or>) the /genc, 2as tol that Iran ha been provi e 2ith n+clear eAplosive esign information& 8rom information provi e to the /genc, +ring that intervie2) the /genc, is concerne that Iran ma, have obtaine more a vance esign information than the information i entifie in 2004 as having been provi e to Fib,a b, the n+clear s+ppl, net2or>& %$& / itionall,) a 9ember *tate provi e information in icating that) +ring the /9/D .lan) preparator, 2or>) not involving n+clear material) for the fabrication of nat+ral an high enriche +rani+m metal components for a n+clear eAplosive evice 2as carrie o+t& %;& /s the conversion of BE3 compo+n s into metal an the fabrication of BE3 metal components s+itable in siCe an 1+alit, are steps in the evelopment of an BE3 n+clear eAplosive evice) clarification b, Iran is nee e in connection 2ith the above&

%.5.

Detonator de(elo1$ent

%8& 'he evelopment of safe) fast6acting etonators) an e1+ipment s+itable for firing the etonators) is an integral part of a programme to evelop an implosion t,pe n+clear evice& Incl+ e among the allege st+ ies oc+mentation are a n+mber of oc+ments relating to the evelopment b, Iran) +ring the perio 2002@200%) of fast f+nctioning etonators) >no2n as DeAplo ing bri ge2ire etonatorsE or DE(7sE as safe alternatives to the t,pe of etonator escribe for +se in the n+clear evice esign referre to in paragraph %% above& %:& In 2008) Iran tol the /genc, that it ha evelope E(7s for civil an conventional militar, applications an ha achieve a sim+ltaneit, of abo+t one microsecon 2hen firing t2o to three etonators together)%; an provi e the /genc, 2ith a cop, of a paper relating to E(7 evelopment 2or> presente b, t2o Iranian researchers at a conference hel in Iran in 2005& / similar paper 2as p+blishe b, the t2o researchers at an international conference later in 2005&%8 (oth papers in icate that s+itable high voltage firing e1+ipment ha been ac1+ire or evelope b, Iran& /lso in 2008) Iran tol the /genc, that) before the perio 2002@2004) it ha alrea , achieve E(7 technolog,& Iran also provi e the /genc, 2ith a short +n ate oc+ment in 8arsi) +n erstoo to be the specifications for a etonator evelopment programme) an a oc+ment from a foreign so+rce sho2ing an eAample of a civilian application in 2hich etonators are fire sim+ltaneo+sl,& Bo2ever) Iran has not eAplaine to the /genc, its o2n nee or application for s+ch etonators& 40& 'he /genc, recogniCes that there eAist non6n+clear applications) albeit fe2) for etonators li>e E(7s) an of e1+ipment s+itable for firing m+ltiple etonators 2ith a high level of sim+ltaneit,& Not2ithstan ing) given their possible application in a n+clear eAplosive evice) an the fact that there are limite civilian an conventional militar, applications for s+ch technolog,) Iran?s evelopment of s+ch etonators an e1+ipment is a matter of concern) partic+larl, in connection 2ith the possible +se of the m+ltipoint initiation s,stem referre to belo2&

%.6.

Initiation of 'i#' e:1losi(es and associated e:1eri$ents

41& Detonators provi e point so+rce initiation of eAplosives) generating a nat+rall, iverging etonation 2ave& In an implosion t,pe n+clear eAplosive evice) an a itional component) >no2n as a m+ltipoint initiation s,stem) can be +se to reshape the etonation 2ave into a converging smooth implosion to ens+re +niform compression of the core fissile material to s+percritical ensit,& %: 42& 'he /genc, has share 2ith Iran information provi e b, a 9ember *tate 2hich in icates that Iran has ha access to information on the esign concept of a m+ltipoint initiation s,stem that can be +se to 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
%; %8 %:

!O"#2008#15) para& 20& 'he a+thors of the papers have affiliations to 9ale> /shtar 3niversit, an the /ir Defence In +stries !ro+p of 'ehran&

D*+percriticalE ensit, is one at 2hich fissionable material is able to s+stain a chain reaction in s+ch a manner that the rate of reaction increases&

!O"#2011#$5 /nneA .age :

initiate effectivel, an sim+ltaneo+sl, a high eAplosive charge over its s+rface&40 'he /genc, has been able to confirm in epen entl, that s+ch a esign concept eAists an the co+ntr, of origin of that esign concept& 8+rthermore) the /genc, has been informe b, n+clear62eapon *tates that the specific m+ltipoint initiation concept is +se in some >no2n n+clear eAplosive evices& In its 11; page s+bmission to the /genc, in 9a, 2008) Iran state that the s+bGect 2as not +n erstan able to Iran an that Iran ha not con +cte an, activities of the t,pe referre to in the oc+ment& 4%& Information provi e to the /genc, b, the same 9ember *tate referre to in the previo+s paragraph escribes the m+ltipoint initiation concept referre to above as being +se b, Iran in at least one large scale eAperiment in 200% to initiate a high eAplosive charge in the form of a hemispherical shell& /ccor ing to that information) +ring that eAperiment) the internal hemispherical c+rve s+rface of the high eAplosive charge 2as monitore +sing a large n+mber of optical fibre cables) an the light o+tp+t of the eAplosive +pon etonation 2as recor e 2ith a high spee strea> camera& It sho+l be note that the imensions of the initiation s,stem an the eAplosives +se 2ith it 2ere consistent 2ith the imensions for the ne2 pa,loa 2hich) accor ing to the allege st+ ies oc+mentation) 2ere given to the engineers 2ho 2ere st+ ,ing ho2 to integrate the ne2 pa,loa into the chamber of the *hahab % missile re6entr, vehicle (.roGect 111) (see *ection -&11 belo2)& 8+rther information provi e to the /genc, b, the same 9ember *tate in icates that the large scale high eAplosive eAperiments 2ere con +cte b, Iran in the region of 9arivan& 44& 'he /genc, has strong in ications that the evelopment b, Iran of the high eAplosives initiation s,stem) an its evelopment of the high spee iagnostic config+ration +se to monitor relate eAperiments) 2ere assiste b, the 2or> of a foreign eApert 2ho 2as not onl, >no2le geable in these technologies) b+t 2ho) a 9ember *tate has informe the /genc,) 2or>e for m+ch of his career 2ith this technolog, in the n+clear 2eapon programme of the co+ntr, of his origin& 'he /genc, has revie2e p+blications b, this foreign eApert an has met 2ith him& 'he /genc, has been able to verif, thro+gh three separate ro+tes) incl+ ing the eApert himself) that this person 2as in Iran from abo+t 1::$ to abo+t 2002) ostensibl, to assist Iran in the evelopment of a facilit, an techni1+es for ma>ing +ltra6 isperse iamon s (D3DDsE or Dnano iamon sE)) 2here he also lect+re on eAplosion ph,sics an its applications& 45& 8+rthermore) the /genc, has receive information from t2o 9ember *tates that) after 200%) Iran engage in eAperimental research involving a scale o2n version of the hemispherical initiation s,stem an high eAplosive charge referre to in paragraph 4% above) albeit in connection 2ith non6n+clear applications& 'his 2or>) together 2ith other st+ ies ma e >no2n to the /genc, in 2hich the same initiation s,stem is +se in c,lin rical geometr,) co+l also be relevant to improving an optimiCing the m+ltipoint initiation esign concept relevant to n+clear applications& 4$& 'he /genc,?s concern abo+t the activities escribe in this *ection erives from the fact that a m+ltipoint initiation s,stem) s+ch as that escribe above) can be +se in a n+clear eAplosive evice& Bo2ever) Iran has not been 2illing to engage in isc+ssion of this topic 2ith the /genc,&

%.=.

2ydrodyna$ic e:1eri$ents

4;& One necessar, step in a n+clear 2eapon evelopment programme is etermining 2hether a theoretical esign of an implosion evice) the behavio+r of 2hich can be st+ ie thro+gh comp+ter sim+lations) 2ill 2or> in practice& 'o that en ) high eAplosive tests referre to as Dh, ro ,namic eAperimentsE are con +cte in 2hich fissile an n+clear components ma, be replace 2ith s+rrogate materials&41 48& Information 2hich the /genc, has been provi e b, 9ember *tates) some of 2hich the /genc, has been able to eAamine irectl,) in icates that Iran has man+fact+re sim+late n+clear eAplosive components +sing high ensit, materials s+ch as t+ngsten& 'hese components 2ere sai to have 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
40

!O"#2008#15) /nneA) *ection /&2) Doc+ment %&

41 B, ro ,namic eAperiments can be esigne to sim+late the first stages of a n+clear eAplosion& In s+ch eAperiments) conventional high eAplosives are etonate to st+ , the effects of the eAplosion on specific materials& 'he term Dh, ro ,namicE is +se beca+se material is compresse an heate 2ith s+ch intensit, that it begins to flo2 an miA li>e a fl+i ) an Dh, ro ,namic e1+ationsE are +se to escribe the behavio+r of fl+i s&

!O"#2011#$5 /nneA .age 10

incorporate small central cavities s+itable for the insertion of caps+les s+ch as those escribe in *ection -&: belo2& 'he en +se of s+ch components remains +nclear) altho+gh the, can be lin>e to other information receive b, the /genc, concerning eAperiments involving the +se of high spee iagnostic e1+ipment) incl+ ing flash N ra,) to monitor the s,mmetr, of the compressive shoc> of the sim+late core of a n+clear evice& 4:& Other information 2hich the /genc, has been provi e b, 9ember *tates in icates that Iran constr+cte a large eAplosives containment vessel in 2hich to con +ct h, ro ,namic eAperiments& 'he eAplosives vessel) or chamber) is sai to have been p+t in place at .archin in 2000& / b+il ing 2as constr+cte at that time aro+n a large c,lin rical obGect at a location at the .archin militar, compleA& / large earth berm 2as s+bse1+entl, constr+cte bet2een the b+il ing containing the c,lin er an a neighbo+ring b+il ing) in icating the probable +se of high eAplosives in the chamber& 'he /genc, has obtaine commercial satellite images that are consistent 2ith this information& 8rom in epen ent evi ence) incl+ ing a p+blication b, the foreign eApert referre to in paragraph 44 above) the /genc, has been able to confirm the ate of constr+ction of the c,lin er an some of its esign feat+res (s+ch as its imensions)) an that it 2as esigne to contain the etonation of +p to ;0 >ilograms of high eAplosives) 2hich 2o+l be s+itable for carr,ing o+t the t,pe of eAperiments escribe in paragraph 4% above& 50& /s a res+lt of information the /genc, obtaine from a 9ember *tate in the earl, 2000s alleging that Iran 2as con +cting high eAplosive testing) possibl, in association 2ith n+clear materials) at the .archin militar, compleA) the /genc, 2as permitte b, Iran to visit the site t2ice in 2005& 8rom satellite imager, available at that time) the /genc, i entifie a n+mber of areas of interest) none of 2hich) ho2ever) incl+ e the location no2 believe to contain the b+il ing 2hich ho+ses the eAplosives chamber mentione above< conse1+entl,) the /genc,?s visits i not +ncover an,thing of relevance& 51& B, ro ,namic eAperiments s+ch as those escribe above) 2hich involve high eAplosives in conG+nction 2ith n+clear material or n+clear material s+rrogates) are strong in icators of possible 2eapon evelopment& In a ition) the +se of s+rrogate material) an #or confinement provi e b, a chamber of the t,pe in icate above) co+l be +se to prevent contamination of the site 2ith n+clear material& It remains for Iran to eAplain the rationale behin these activities&

%.>.

6odellin# and calculations

52& Information provi e to the /genc, b, t2o 9ember *tates relating to mo elling st+ ies allege to have been con +cte in 2008 an 200: b, Iran is of partic+lar concern to the /genc,& /ccor ing to that information) the st+ ies involve the mo elling of spherical geometries) consisting of components of the core of an BE3 n+clear evice s+bGecte to shoc> compression) for their ne+tronic behavio+r at high ensit,) an a etermination of the s+bse1+ent n+clear eAplosive ,iel & 'he information also i entifies mo els sai to have been +se in those st+ ies an the res+lts of these calc+lations) 2hich the /genc, has seen& 'he application of s+ch st+ ies to an,thing other than a n+clear eAplosive is +nclear to the /genc,& It is therefore essential that Iran engage 2ith the /genc, an provi e an eAplanation& 5%& 'he /genc, obtaine information in 2005 from a 9ember *tate in icating that) in 1::;) representatives from Iran ha met 2ith officials from an instit+te in a n+clear62eapon *tate to re1+est training co+rses in the fiel s of ne+tron cross section calc+lations +sing comp+ter co es emplo,ing 9onte -arlo metho olog,) an shoc> 2ave interactions 2ith metals& In a letter ate 14 9a, 2008) Iran a vise the /genc, that there 2as nothing to s+pport this information& 'he /genc, has also been provi e 2ith information b, a 9ember *tate in icating that) in 2005) arrangements 2ere ma e in Iran for setting +p proGects 2ithin */D/' centres (see *ection -&1 an /ttachment 1)) inter alia) to establish a ataban> for De1+ation of stateE information42 an a h, ro ,namics calc+lation centre& 'he /genc, has also been provi e 2ith information from a ifferent 9ember *tate that) in 2005) a senior official in */D/' solicite assistance from *hahi (ehesti 3niversit, in connection 2ith compleA calc+lations relating to the state of criticalit, of a soli sphere of +rani+m being compresse b, high eAplosives& 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
42

/n De1+ation of stateE is a thermo ,namic e1+ation escribing the state of matter +n er a given set of ph,sical con itions (s+ch as temperat+re) press+re) vol+me or internal energ,)&

!O"#2011#$5 /nneA .age 11

54& 0esearch b, the /genc, into scientific literat+re p+blishe over the past eca e has reveale that Iranian 2or>ers) in partic+lar gro+ps of researchers at *hahi (ehesti 3niversit, an /mir Rabir 3niversit,) have p+blishe papers relating to the generation) meas+rement an mo elling of ne+tron transport&4% 'he /genc, has also fo+n ) thro+gh open so+rce research) other Iranian p+blications 2hich relate to the application of etonation shoc> ,namics to the mo elling of etonation in high eAplosives) an the +se of h, ro ,namic co es in the mo elling of Get formation 2ith shape (hollo2) charges& *+ch st+ ies are commonl, +se in reactor ph,sics or conventional or nance research44) b+t also have applications in the evelopment of n+clear eAplosives&

%.?.

)eutron initiator

55& 'he /genc, has information from a 9ember *tate that Iran has +n erta>en 2or> to man+fact+re small caps+les s+itable for +se as containers of a component containing n+clear material& 'he /genc, 2as also informe b, a ifferent 9ember *tate that Iran ma, also have eAperimente 2ith s+ch components in or er to assess their performance in generating ne+trons& *+ch components) if place in the centre of a n+clear core of an implosion t,pe n+clear evice an compresse ) co+l pro +ce a b+rst of ne+trons s+itable for initiating a fission chain reaction& 'he location 2here the eAperiments 2ere con +cte 2as sai to have been cleane of contamination after the eAperiments ha ta>en place& 'he esign of the caps+le) an the material associate 2ith it) are consistent 2ith the evice esign information 2hich the clan estine n+clear s+ppl, net2or> allege l, provi e to Iran& 5$& 'he /genc, also has information from a 9ember *tate that 2or> in this technical area ma, have contin+e in Iran after 2004) an that Iran embar>e on a fo+r ,ear programme) from aro+n 200$ on2ar s) on the f+rther vali ation of the esign of this ne+tron so+rce) incl+ ing thro+gh the +se of a non6 n+clear material to avoi contamination& 5;& !iven the importance of ne+tron generation an transport) an their effect on geometries containing fissile materials in the conteAt of an implosion evice) Iran nee s to eAplain to the /genc, its obGectives an capabilities in this fiel &

%.10. %onductin# a test

58& 'he /genc, has information provi e b, a 9ember *tate that Iran ma, have planne an +n erta>en preparator, eAperimentation 2hich 2o+l be +sef+l 2ere Iran to carr, o+t a test of a n+clear eAplosive evice& In partic+lar) the /genc, has information that Iran has con +cte a n+mber of practical tests to see 2hether its E(7 firing e1+ipment 2o+l f+nction satisfactoril, over long istances bet2een a firing point an a test evice locate o2n a eep shaft& / itionall,) among the allege st+ ies oc+mentation provi e b, that 9ember *tate) is a oc+ment) in 8arsi) 2hich relates irectl, to the logistics an safet, arrangements that 2o+l be necessar, for con +cting a n+clear test& 'he /genc, has been informe b, a ifferent 9ember *tate that these arrangements irectl, reflect those 2hich have been +se in n+clear tests con +cte b, n+clear62eapon *tates&

%.11. Inte#ration into a $issile deli(ery (e'icle

5:& 'he allege st+ ies oc+mentation contains eAtensive information regar ing 2or> 2hich is allege to have been con +cte b, Iran +ring the perio 2002 to 200% +n er 2hat 2as >no2n as .roGect 111& 8rom that information) the proGect appears to have consiste of a str+ct+re an comprehensive programme of engineering st+ ies to eAamine ho2 to integrate a ne2 spherical pa,loa into the eAisting pa,loa chamber 2hich 2o+l be mo+nte in the re6entr, vehicle of the *hahab % missile& 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
4%

'he mo elling of ne+tron transport refers to the st+ , of the motions an interactions of ne+trons 2ith materials 2hich are +se to see 2here the, are an in 2hat irection an at 2hat spee the, are going&

44 8or eAample) the shape (hollo2) charge st+ ies sai b, 9ember *tates to have been carrie o+t b, the -entre for 0esearch an Development of EAplosion an *hoc> 'echnolog,) also >no2n as D9E'8/TE) have conventional militar, applications (s+ch as for eveloping armo+r piercing proGectiles)) b+t can also be +se to evelop comp+ter co es 2hich can then be a apte to mo el n+clear eAplosives&

!O"#2011#$5 /nneA .age 12

$0& /ccor ing to that oc+mentation) +sing a n+mber of commerciall, available comp+ter co es) Iran con +cte comp+ter mo elling st+ ies of at least 14 progressive esign iterations of the pa,loa chamber an its contents to eAamine ho2 the, 2o+l stan +p to the vario+s stresses that 2o+l be enco+ntere on being la+nche an travelling on a ballistic traGector, to a target& It sho+l be note that the masses an imensions of components i entifie in information provi e to the /genc, b, 9ember *tates that Iran is allege to have been eveloping (see paragraphs 4% an 48 above) correspon to those assesse to have been +se in .roGect 111 engineering st+ ies on the ne2 pa,loa chamber& $1& D+ring these st+ ies) protot,pe components 2ere allege l, man+fact+re at 2or>shops >no2n to eAist in Iran b+t 2hich Iran ref+se the /genc, permission to visit& 'he siA engineering gro+ps sai to have 2or>e +n er .roGect 111 pro +ce man, technical reports) 2hich comprise a s+bstantial part of the allege st+ ies oc+mentation& 'he /genc, has st+ ie these reports eAtensivel, an fin s that the, are both internall, consistent an consistent 2ith other s+pporting information relate to .roGect 111& $2& 'he allege st+ ies oc+mentation also sho2s that) as part of the activities +n erta>en 2ithin .roGect 111) consi eration 2as being given to s+bGecting the protot,pe pa,loa an its chamber to engineering stress tests to see ho2 2ell the, 2o+l stan +p in practice to sim+late la+nch an flight stresses (so6calle Denvironmental testingE)& 'his 2or> 2o+l have complemente the engineering mo elling sim+lation st+ ies referre to in paragraph $0 above& /ccor ing to the information reflecte in the allege st+ ies oc+mentation) 2ithin .roGect 111) some) albeit limite ) preparations 2ere also being +n erta>en to enable the assembl, of man+fact+re components& $%& Iran has enie con +cting the engineering st+ ies) claiming that the oc+mentation 2hich the /genc, has is in electronic format an so co+l have been manip+late ) an that it 2o+l have been eas, to fabricate&45 Bo2ever) the 1+antit, of the oc+mentation) an the scope an contents of the 2or> covere in the oc+mentation) are s+fficientl, comprehensive an compleA that) in the /genc,?s vie2) it is not li>el, to have been the res+lt of forger, or fabrication& 7hile the activities escribe as those of .roGect 111 ma, be relevant to the evelopment of a non6n+clear pa,loa ) the, are highl, relevant to a n+clear 2eapon programme&

%.12. Fu*in#@ ar$in# and firin# syste$

$4& 'he allege st+ ies oc+mentation in icates that) as part of the st+ ies carrie o+t b, the engineering gro+ps +n er .roGect 111 to integrate the ne2 pa,loa into the re6entr, vehicle of the *hahab % missile) a itional 2or> 2as con +cte on the evelopment of a protot,pe firing s,stem that 2o+l enable the pa,loa to eAplo e both in the air above a target) or +pon impact of the re6entr, vehicle 2ith the gro+n & Iran 2as sho2n this information) 2hich) in its 11; page s+bmission (referre to above in paragraph 8)) it ismisse as being Dan animation gameE& $5& 'he /genc,) in conG+nction 2ith eAperts from 9ember *tates other than those 2hich ha provi e the information in 1+estion) carrie o+t an assessment of the possible nat+re of the ne2 pa,loa & /s a res+lt of that assessment) it 2as concl+ e that an, pa,loa option other than n+clear 2hich co+l also be eApecte to have an airb+rst option (s+ch as chemical 2eapons) co+l be r+le o+t& Iran 2as as>e to comment on this assessment an agree in the co+rse of a meeting 2ith the /genc, 2hich too> place in 'ehran in 9a, 2008 that) if the information +pon 2hich it 2as base 2ere tr+e) it 2o+l constit+te a programme for the evelopment of a n+clear 2eapon& /ttachment 2 to this /nneA repro +ces the res+lts of the /genc,?s assessment as it 2as presente b, the *ecretariat to the 9ember *tates in the technical briefing 2hich too> place in 8ebr+ar, 2008&

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45

!O"#2008#15) para& 22&

!O"#2011#$5 /ttachment 1

!O"#2011#$5 /ttachment 2

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