KDQJIH"^IZ_VMHK$

HV_IZ7 GIQF KVDQ AFZOÈ ODHW

MVDHQ OF FQAHKH

Kdqjih

fq kh ah~dthk of îztvmhk+ aili hqì thljdä` ofkodqtzdti+ kh zfmdñ`  fk Èzfh Lftzi~ikdth`h of Kdqjih. Qdtvhohh vìq 8= cl. of kh aiqth htkè`tdah+ qf frtdfòf qijzf khqaikd`hq fl~d`hohq of kh zdjfzh ìztf ofk zìi _hgi. Qv~ijkhadñ` hkah`wh kiq =>>.>>> bhjdth`tfq+ hv`xvf qv èzfhlftzi~ikdth`h qv~fzh kiq :+5 ldkki`fq+ ki xvf zf~zfqf`th vàvhzti of kh ~ijkhadñ` of îztvmhk. Kh advoho qf odudof f` 61*ezfmvfqdhq*+ xvf h kiq fefatiq hold`dqtzhtduiq qf hmzv~h` f`? jhzzdiq7 Hkehlh+ kh Jhdrh+ fk Jhzzdi Hkti  Jfkfl.Evf ovzhlf`tf mik~fhoh ~iz v` tfzzfliti f` 8=66+ ki avhkkh ofgñ tithklf`tf ofqtzvdoh3 qvq ahkkfq aä`tzdahq+ f` kh wi`hof kh Jhdrh+ ohth` evòhlf`thklf`tf ofk qdmki RUDDD. Hhljiq khoiq ofk af`tzi qf frtdfòf` qijzf khq aikd`hq fkjhzzdi of Hkehlh+ fk lèq h`tdmvi+  fk Jhzzdi Hkti+ ~d`tizfqai qføizdhk+ hljhq oiq wi`hq lv hmzhohjkfq.Kiq lvfkkfq qf tzhqkhohzi` h itzh wi`h+ ~fzi h 5 cl hk ifqtf ofk af`tzi qf fàvf`tzh Jfkfl+ fk h`tdmvi~vfzti xvf tfqtdli`dh fk ~hqhoi lhzìtdli of kh advoho+ avhòi îztvmhk kdofzhjh fk ailfzadi lvòdhk.Kh _izzf of Jfkfl  fk Li`hqtfzdi of kiq Gfzñ`dliq qi` qìljikiq of kh advoho  tfqtdli`diq ofk ~hqhoimkizdiqi of Kdqjih f` kh

Fzh of kiq Ofqavjzdldf`tiq

.Oiq ~vf`tfq udàvkh` hljhq lèzmf`fq ofk zìi _hgi7 fk ~vf`tf :6 of Hjzdk+ hk qvz+ ai`qtzvdoi f` 8455+ xvfv`f Kdqjih ai` Hklhoh+  fk ~vf`tf Uhqai oh Mhlh+ xvf ohth of 8442+ xvf v`f Kdqjih ai` Li`tdgi+ f` fkìzfqtf.Kh advoho avf`th ai` v`h dl~izth`tf zfo efzziudhzdh of 2 kì`fhq "? kì`fhq of lftzi  ? of tzf` qvjvzjhì$ai` 882 fqthadi`fq+ of khq avhkfq ?2 fqtè` f` kh advoho  => f` fk èzfh qvjvzjh`h. Khq fqthadi`fq~zdàd~hkfq qi` kh Fqthadñ` of Izdf`tf+ Ahdq oi Qiozä  Qh`th H~iki`dh. Fk lftzi ai`qtdtvf kh eizlh oftzhqkhoi lèq fai`ñldah+ hv`xvf qv zfo fq kdldthoh  h÷` ì avjzf tiohq khq wi`hq of kh advoho.Kiq tzhùìhq fkäatzdaiq eizlh` ~hztf ofk ~hdqhgf of kh advoho  ai`qtdtvf` v`h eizlh hmzhohjkf of zfaizzfzKdqjih+ hv`xvf qvq zfaizzdoiq ì qi` lv frtf`qiq7 h ki khzmi ofk zìi bhqth Jfkfl  ziofhòi khq aikd`hq.Qi` fq~fadhklf`tf d`tfzfqh`tfq khq udqthq xvf iezfaf` kiq xvf adzavkh` ~iz khq wi`hq bdqtñzdahq i ~iz khizdkkh ofk _hgi. _iohuìh ~vfof` ufzqf tzhùìhq xvf ohth` of kh ^zdlfzh Mvfzzh Lvòdhk adzavkhòi gv`ti hkiq lèq liofzìq.

BDQ_IZDH

Kh kffòh avf`th xvf evf Vkdqfq xvdf` evòñ Kdqjih f` qvuvfkth h ahqh tzhq kh mvfzzh of _zih. Vkdqfq bhjzìh kkhlhoi h khadvoho Ikdqqd~i+ v` ofzduhoi of qv ìljzf xvf h qv ufw ofzduñf` Ikdqqd~i`h+ Kdqqh~i`h+ bhqth kh uiw hatvhk of Kdqji` ~hzh fkd`mkäq+ Kdqjih ~hzh fk ahqtfkkhì  fk ~iztvmväq. F` zfhkdoho ìqf qhjf h adfàdh adfzth qd evfzi` kiq mzdfmiq i kiq ef`dadiqxvdf`fq kh evòhzi` f` fk 8:>> h.A.  kh jhvtdwhzi` Ikdqqd~i+ vòfzduhoi of

Hkkdq Vji

+ xvf f` kf`mvh ef`dadh qdm`dedah *

~vfzti f`ah`thoi

*.Hk ~zdàd~di kh advoho fzh odq~vthoh ~iz ef`dadiq+ mzdfmiq  ahzthmd`fqfq+ ofjdoi h qv vjdahadñ` fqtzhtämdah~hzh fk ailfzadi lhzìtdli. Evfzi` kiq zilhìq xvdf`fq kh iav~hzi` hkkè ~iz fk :>6 h.A.+  khkkhlhzi` Efkdadthq Gvkdh. Eizlhjh ~hztf of kh aiki`dh of Kvqdth`dh  fzh kh advoho lèq dl~izth`tf of kh~f`ì`qvkh djäzdah avhòi Gvkdi Aäqhz kkfmñ hk ~iofz+ f` fk høi 5> h.A.

KDQJIH

^èmd`h :

Avhòi ahñ fk dl~fzdi zilhì+ khq tzdjvq jèzjhzhq huh`whzi`+  hkhìq  qvfuiq iav~hzi` kh advoho. Kiqudqdmioiq fzh` xvdf`fq bhjìh` tilhoi kh advoho avhòi f` fk =88 kiq lvqvklh`fq ofk ìztf of Èezdah khdùhodfzi`  iav~hzi` ovzh`tf ?6> høiq. Of fqtf ~fzìioi ~vfof` ijqfzuhzqf h÷` qvq bvfkkhq f` khqqd`viqhq ahkkfq of Hkehlh  fk Ahqtdkki of Qh` Gizmf.Fk ~zdlfz zf of îztvmhk evf Hkei`qi D F`zdxvfq+ xvdf` fr~vkqñ h kiq lvqvklh`fq f` 88?=+  ai`qtzvñv`h ahtfozhk+ kh Qä+ hoiòf kkfmhzi` kiq zfqtiq of Qh` Udaf`tf+ lèztdz f` kh kvabh ai`tzh kiq lvqvklh`fq kvfmi ~htziì of Kdqjih. F` 8:65+ jhgi fk zfd`hoi of Hkei`qi DDD+ kh advoho ofudì ah~dthk of îztvmhk.Avhòi f` 81=1 kh advoho evf qhxvfhoh ~iz F`zdxvf DD of Ahqtdkkh+ Efz`hòi D bdwi ai`qtzvdz v`hq lvzhkkhqaili ~zitfaadñ` ~hzh qvq ?> ldk bhjdth`tfq. Kh ~fqtf `fmzh qhavodñ h Kdqjih  kh faiìlìh qfofqfqthjdkdwñ3 qñki qf zfav~fzñ kh ~ziq~fzdoho f` kh Fzh of kiq Ofqavjzdldf`tiq.Ofq~väq of xvf Azdqtñjhk Aikñ` fl~zfòdfzh qvq udhgfq f` jvqah of khq Dòdhq+ lvabìqdliq lhzdìqqiøhjh` ai` bhafzqf h kh lhz ~hzh ~zijhz qvfztf thljdä`. Vì of fkkiq evf Uhqai oh Mhlh+ xvf f` 8?4=qf fljhzañ f` Jfkäl  hjzdñ kh zvth bhadh khq Dòdhq jizofhòi Èezdah.Fk :5 of f`fzi of 8618 kh advoho qvezdñ v` tfzzfliti f` fk avhk lvzdfzi` ldkfq of ~fzqi`hq. @i ijqth`tf+khq zdxvfwhq ijtf`dohq ai` fk ailfzadi of fq~fadhq+ hvlf`thohq thljdä` ~iz khq ~ziuf`df`tfq of Jzhqdk+aiùdztdfzi` h kh advoho f` v`h ~itfàdh+ fk af`tzi ailfzadhk of Fvzi~h. F` fqtiq tdfl~iq Lh`vfk D kfuh`tñkh _izzf of Jfkäl  fk Liqtfdzi Oiq Gfzñ`dliq+ aili hmzhofadldf`ti h Odiq ~iz th`th zdxvfwh. F` fk qdmkiRUD qf tzhwñ kh ^khwh of Ailfzadi "_fzzfdzi oi ^híi$ ezf`tf hk zìi+  qvzmdñ fk Jhzzdi Hkti+ ai` ailfzadh`tfqxvf uf`ìh` h fqthjkfafzqf f` kh advoho. Kh D`xvdqdadñ` d`qthkñ qv zämdlf` of tfzziz  `vlfziqhqfgfavadi`fq tvudfzi` kvmhz f` kh ^khwh of Ailfzadi  f` kh ^khwh ofk Ziqqdi.Avhòi lvzdñ Qfjhqtdè` D+ kh hvqfàdh of bfzfofziq h`dlñ h kiq fq~høikfq h iav~hz îztvmhk f` 862>. @ievfzi` fr~vkqhoiq qdì bhqth fk høi 85?>+ avhòi fk ovxvf ofJzhmh`wh qvjdñ hk tziì aili Giái DU. Fk izi tzhìoi of Jzhqdkzfìuñ kh ~ziq~fzdoho of kh advoho  fk zf Giái U fl~zfòdñhljdadiqiq ~kh`fq of fodedahadñ`+ f`tzf fkkiq+ fk ofk Havfovati ofHmvhq Kduzfq+ xvf kkfuhjh fk hmvh ofqof fk uhkkf of Hkaè`thzh._ioh kh ~ziq~fzdoho ahñ f` ~iaiq ld`vtiq avhòi v` `vfuitfzzfliti qhavodñ Kdqjih fk 8 of ìudfljzf of 8=66+ ofgèòikhtithklf`tf ofqtzvdoh.Kh zfai`qtzvaadñ` of kh advoho xvfoñ f` lhìq ofk ~zdlfzld`dqtzi of Giqä D+ fk lhzxväq of îljhk. Fqtf bhjìh ~kh`dedahoiv` odqføi of avhozìavkh+ ai` fk af`tzi of kh advoho f` kh wi`h ofkh Jhdrh. Kh fedahadh ai` xvf qf fèzf`tñ kh azdqdq  fk ofqhzzikkif`äzmdai of qv ~kh` ki aiùdztdfzi` f` kh edmvzh ~ikìtdah ofk lilf`ti. Avhòi @h~ikfñ` dùhodñ îztvmhk+ fkzf ofjdñ bvdz h Jzhqdk+ kh ah~dthk ofk dl~fzdi ~hqñ h Zìi of Gh`fdzi  kiq ~zifatiq ì qf ai`td`vhzi`+~ziuiahòi kh ofahofàdh of Kdqjih. @i ijqth`tf+ fk odqføi of îljhk ~vfof ijqfzuhzqf h÷` bi f` khqahkkfq of kh Jhdrh+ kkhlhoh ~iz fqi Jhdrh îljhkd`h. Fk ~kh` thzoñ jhqth`tf f` aiàzfthzqf  fk Hzai of_zdvèi xvf adfzzh kh Zvh Hvmvqth qf hahjñ adf` høiq lèq thzof+ f` 82=1.Ovzh`tf kh qfmvòh ldtho ofk qdmki RDR kkfmñ kh zfudthkdwhadñ` fai`ñldah. Qf ai`qtzvfzi` ahzzftfzhq+ uìhqeäzzfhq+ adzavkhzi` tzhùìhq+ qf bdwi v` lvzi of ai`tfàdñ` f` fk _hgi.F` 84>2 hqfqd`hzi` hk zf Ahzkiq  qv bdgi Kvdq Efkd~f avhòi ~hqhjh` ~iz kh ^khwh of Ailfzadi  oiqhøiq lèq thzof ahìh kh li`hzxvìh. H`ti`di Ikdufdzh Qhkhwhz+ xvf dl~kh`tñ v`h odathovzh ofqof 84:5 h8452+ ai`td`vñ liofz`dwhòi Kdqjih f` oftzdlf`ti ofk zfqti ofk ~hìq. F` 8455 qf kfuh`tñ fk ~vf`tfQhkhwhz qijzf fk _hgi+ xvf ~hqñ h kkhlhzqf î`tf :6 of hjzdk ai`lflizhòi kh Zfuikvadñ` of kiqAkhufkfq of 84=?+ xvf hahjñ ai` kh odathovzh_zhq kh zfuikvadñ`+ fk ~hìq ududñ høiq of mzh` fveizdh  ahljdiq f` kh ~ikìtdah. îztvmhk ~hqñ h eizlhz ~hztfof kh Ailv`doho Fvzi~fh f` 8425+ ki xvf qdm`dedañ xvf kh faiìlìh fuikvadi`hzh ehuizhjkflf`tf.F` 8422+ `vfuhlf`tf kh tzhmfodh tiañ h kh advoho+ avhòi fk evfmi hzzhqñ ai` fk jhzzdi ofk Abdhoi.Kdqjih evf ah~dthk avktvzhk fvzi~fh f` 844?  qfof of kh Fr~iqdadñ` V`dufzqhk of 8442+ avi tflh evf fkiaähì+ v`h eizlh of zfòdz bilf`hgf h qv d`dmvhkhjkf bdqtizdh lhzìtdlh. Qf afkfjzñ aidàdodfòi ai` khai`lflizhadñ` ofk 6>>· h`dufzqhzdi ofk udhgf h kh Dòdh of Uhqai oh Mhlh.

KDQJIH

^èmd`h 1