Ghi ch\u00fa: B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Six Sigma d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c\u0111\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a Mekong Capital cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 Qu\u1ef9 Doanh Nghi\u1ec7p Mekong\u0111ang\u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. Mekong Capital hi\u1ec7n\u0111ang c\u00f3 hai chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean Six Sigma Black Belt ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.

Six Sigma l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sai s\u00f3t hay khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c 3,4 l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i tri\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c\u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean dao\u0111\u1ed9ng (b\u1ea5t\u1ed5n) trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. Trong vi\u1ec7c\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, Six Sigma t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh\u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t cao.

H\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Six Sigma d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh mang t\u00ean DMAIC: Define (X\u00e1c\u0110\u1ecbnh), Measure (\u0110o L\u01b0\u1eddng), Analyze (Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch), Improve (C\u1ea3i Ti\u1ebfn) v\u00e0 Control (Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t).\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, vui l\u00f2ng tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ee5c s\u1ed1 3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 DMAIC.

Six Sigma kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 ISO-9001, hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Thay v\u00e0o\u0111\u00f3,\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh.\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam,\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c

Trong khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n\u0111ang\u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng Ba Sigma ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Six Sigma c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean nh\u1eafm\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c B\u1ed1n hay N\u0103m Sigma v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng\u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng Six Sigma\u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u0169ng l\u00e0\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebft \u00f4-t\u00f4 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u1eb9p gi\u1ea5y.

D\u01b0\u1edbi\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i trong qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gh\u1ebf g\u1ed7: C\u00f4ng ty A ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 5\u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, m\u1ed7i\u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 gh\u1ebf g\u1ed7 (5 chi\u1ebfc). S\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i cho m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng gh\u1ebf g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c\u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau:

D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Six Sigma, m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 thu g\u1ecdn Y=f(X), trong\u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra (Y)\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn hay t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (X). N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (Y) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng (X), ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea trong Six Sigma\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t khi\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3\u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n X, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1\u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 Y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t\u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba (Non Value-Added) nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m tra, tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.

M\u1ee5c\u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Six Sigma l\u00e0\u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh sao cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n\u0111\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra thay b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n\u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u1ec9 khi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y sai l\u1ec7ch, nh\u01b0\u0111\u00e3\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp\u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc,\u0111\u00e3\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c\u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec qui tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n do\u0111\u00f3 sai l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3g\u1ed7 \u1edfVi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf kh\u00e2u ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng\u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1eadn\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft sai h\u1ecfng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00e0 nh\u00e1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u00fang:

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p Six Sigma: X\u00e1c\u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed1i m\u00e0u d\u1eabn\u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sai m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau\u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00e0 cung\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt t\u01b0, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ed9n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ed9n, c\u00e2n ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ed9n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.vv..

Six Sigma\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh\u1edf t\u1eadp\u0111o\u00e0n Motorola v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1986 v\u00e0 sau\u0111\u00f3\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp\u0111o\u00e0n General Electric (GE) v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 Honeywell, Citigroup, Motorola, Starwood Hotels, DuPont, Dow Chemical, American Standard, Kodak, Sony, IBM, Ford\u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Six Sigma xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t\u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh\u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao cho\u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t\u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Tuy ch\u01b0a\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n\u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 American Standard, Ford, LG v\u00e0 Samsung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Six Sigma v\u00e0o tri\u1ec3n khai \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.

38,2% trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty\u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Six Sigma n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, 49.3% l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 12.5% l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c;

So s\u00e1nh tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, Six Sigma\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n\u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c (tuy nhi\u00ean, Six Sigma\u1edf\u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u01b0a\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t n\u00e0y)