CodeWarrior

Principles of

Programming

MetrowerksC

odeWarrior

TMCD

Because of last-minute changes to CodeWarrior, some information in this
manual may be out of date. Please read all the Release Notes ﬁles that come
with CodeWarrior for the latest information.

rights reserved.

Documentation stored on the compact disc may be printed by licensee for personal use.
Except for the foregoing, no part of this documentation may be reproduced or transmitted in
any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any
information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Metrowerks Inc.

Metrowerks, the Metrowerks logo and Software at Work are registered trademarks of
Metrowerks Inc. CodeWarrior, PowerPlant, and PowerPlant Constructor are trademarks of
Metrowerks Inc.

All other trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

ALL SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION ON THE COMPACT DISC ARE SUBJECT

TO THE LICENSE AGREEMENT IN THE CD BOOKLET.

Canada and International

Metrowerks Inc.

1500 d u College, suite 300

St. Laurent, QC

H4L 5G6 Canada

voice: (514) 747-5999

fax: (514) 747-2822

U.S.A.

Metrowerks Corporation

Suite 310

The MCC Building

3925 West Braker Lane

Au stin, TX 78759-5321

voice: 512-305-0400

fax: 512-305-0440

Metrowerks Mail Order

voice: (800) 377-5416 or (419) 281-1802

fax: (419) 281-6883

World Wide Web site (Internet): http:/ / www.metrowerks.com

Registration information (Internet): register@metrowerks.com

Technical support (Internet): support@metrowerks.com

Sales, marketing, & licensing (Internet): sales@metrowerks.com

AppleLink: METROWERKS

America OnLine: goto: METROWERKS

Compuserve: goto: METROWERKS

eWorld: goto: METROWERKS

Table of Contents

iii

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 A Road Map

1.1

Preview....................................................................14

1.2

Introduction to The Principles of Programming........15 A Global View.........................................................15 The Road Ahead.......................................................16 Signs Along the Road...............................................17

1.3

Computers................................................................18 A Low Level View...................................................18 Systems and Their Environments...............................19 History of Programming and the Earth.....................21

1.4

Review Top Ten Things to Remember....................24

1.5

Glossary...................................................................25

1.6

Problems..................................................................27

Chapter 2 An Overview

2.1

Preview....................................................................30

2.2

Problem Solving and the Computer..........................31 Step 1 Problem Definition.......................................32 Step 2 Solution Design............................................33 Step 3 Solution Refinement......................................34 Step 4 Testing Strategy Development.......................35 Step 5 Program Coding and Testing........................36 Step 6 Documentation Completion..........................37 Step 7 Program Maintenance...................................37 Using the Problem Solving Method..........................38 Problems and Plans Dividing and Conquering........38

2.3

Break-Out Diagrams..................................................39

More on Break-Out Diagrams...................................41

2.4

Algorithms and Their Representations.......................45 Modifying Algorithms..............................................47 Alternative Algorithms.............................................52 Equivalence of Algorithms........................................53 Testing......................................................................54

2.5

Programming Languages..........................................56 Communicating Algorithms......................................56 Basic.........................................................................56 Fortran.....................................................................57 Pascal.......................................................................57 Modula-2..................................................................58 C..............................................................................58