IDIOMAS - Curso de Grego Bíblico

Overheads
to

The Basics of Biblical Greek

By
Dr. William D. Mounce
1993-1999 All Rights Reserved
page 2

Preface

Included is what I hope will become a growing body of visual teaching aids. So much of our edu-
cational theory is designed for auditory learners, not visual learners. Hopefully these overheads
will help all students.
We are starting with very basic overheads. If you have some ideas that you would like me to do
and include in this packets in future years (with due credit given to you), please send your sam-
ples to Bill Mounce, Teknia, PO Box 337, Wenham, MA 01984, or email me at lbbg@teknia.com.
Teachers using

The Basics of Biblical Greek

may copy these overheads, both for overheads and stu-
dent handouts, provided that the copies are distributed at cost.
First printing . . . . . . . Fall, 1993
Second printing . . . . . . Fall, 1999
Chapter 3 page 1
1993 Dr. William D. Mounce

Chapter 3

Alphabet

(

3.3.2)
e ) ,
0 t
a v
a o ,
u e
Chapter 3 page 2

Vowels

(

3.4)
e s
c t
u
Chapter 3 page 3

Breathings (

3.4-5)

1. eacotcc,
2. uas
3. ucaet
4. etts
5. Atts
6. Iocu,
Chapter 3 page 4

Diphthong

(

3.5)
Chapter 4 page 1

Chapter 4

Accents

(

4.2)

Acute:

uas

Grave:

uas

Circumex:

avsuae
Chapter 4 page 2

Co-Elision

(

4.2)
Chapter 4 page 3

Vocabulary
5,437 different words
138,162 total occurrences
79.92 % of all occurrences
Words occurring 50 times and more account
for 110,425 of the total word occurrences, or
almost 80%.
Chapter 4 page 4

Nominative and Genitive Paradigm

2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg

c,c, ,ee s,cv
e

acc sg

c,cv ,eev s,cv
ev

nom pl

c,ct ,eeet s,e
et

acc pl

c,cu, ,eee, s,e
e,
Chapter 5 page 1

Chapter 5

Terminology

(

5.3-5)

Case:

Nominative (subject)
Accusative (direct object)

Number:

Singular
Plural

Gender:

Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
Chapter 6 page 1

Chapter 6

Nominative and Accusative

(

6.3)
The apostle sends the apostle.
, nominative subject
v accusative direct object
c eacotcc, asaast tcv eacotccv.
Chapter 6 page 2

From Case to Function to Meaning

1. Case
2. Function
3. Meaning
your translation
nominative
subject predicate
nominative
Instead of thinking about word order, you should rst look at the words case, from
the case determine the words function, and from the function determine the words
meaning. Do not try to determine function on the basis of word order.
Chapter 6 page 3

Parsing Made Simple
Step #1: Case ending
Step #2: Declension
Step #3: Gender
Step #4: Parsing
nom sing fem
t 1st nom plural fem
v 1st acc sing fem
2nd masc acc sing masc
neut nom/acc sing
The goal is to move from the case ending to the parsing. There are several scenarios. Sometimes you
can see the case ending and know automatically what it must be (e.g., no ending). In this case you can
skip steps #2 nd #3. Other times you have to see the declension. For example, iota can be found several
places, but if it is a rst declension noun then it must be nom plural fem. A third scenario requires you
to move through the declension all the way to gender, as in the ending nu.
Chapter 6 page 4

Paradigm

(

6.13,15)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg , v
acc sg v v v
nom pl t t e
acc pl u, , e
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg c,c, ,ee s,cv
e
acc sg c,cv ,eev s,cv
ev
nom pl c,ct ,eeet s,e
et
acc pl c,cu, ,eee, s,e
e,
Chapter 6 page 5
Alternate Paradigm (#6.13,15)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg c, cv
acc sg cv v cv
nom pl ct et e
acc pl cu, e, e
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg c,c, ,ee s,cv
e
acc sg c,cv ,eev s,cv
ev
nom pl c,ct ,eeet s,e
et
acc pl c,cu, ,eee, s,e
e,
For teachers preferring to show the nal stem vowel with the case ending, we have included sev-
eral alternate paradigms.
Chapter 6 page 6
Nouns Rules 1-3 ( 6.20)
e/ 1st declension
neuter nom = neuter acc
neuter nom/acc plural = e
Chapter 6 page 7
Noun Rule 2
Chapter 6 page 8
The Fog
The only way is through!
Chapter 6 page 9
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg , v
acc sg v v v
nom pl t t e
acc pl u, , e
nom sg c c,c, ,ee tc s,cv
e
acc sg tcv c,cv tv ,eev tc s,cv
tv ev
nom pl ct c,ct et ,eeet te s,e
et et
acc pl tcu, c,cu, te, ,eee, te s,e
te, e,
Chapter 6 page 10
(alternate)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg c, cv
acc sg cv v cv
nom pl ct et e
acc pl cu, e, e
e
tv ev
et et
te, e,
Chapter 7 page 1
Chapter 7
Indirect vs. Direct Object (7.2)
Karin threw Brad a ball.
Karin threw Brad .
Chapter 7 page 2
Case Endings
(First and Second Declension)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg , v
gen sg u , u
dat sg t t t
acc sg v v v
nom pl t t e
gen pl v v v
dat pl t, t, t,
acc pl u, , e
Chapter 7 page 3
Case Endings (7.6)
(First and Second Declension)
(alternate)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg c, cv
gen sg cu , cu
dat sg
acc sg cv v cv
nom pl ct et e
gen pl v v v
dat pl ct, et, ct,
acc pl cu, e, e
Chapter 7 page 4
Denite Article (7.7)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg c tc
gen sg tcu t, tcu
dat sg t t t
acc sg tcv tv tc
nom pl ct et te
gen pl tv tv tv
dat pl tct, tet, tct,
acc pl tcu, te, te
Chapter 7 page 5
Full Paradigm (7.8)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
e
gen sg tcu c,cu t, ,ee, tcu s,cu
t, e,
dat sg t c, t ,ee t s,
t e
tv ev
gen pl tv c,v tv ,eev tv s,v
dat pl tct, c,ct, tet, ,eeet, tct, s,ct,
Chapter 7 page 6
Noun Rules 4-6 (7.10)
Dative singular?
Iota subscripts (if possible)
Ablaut
Genitive & Dative?
Masculine = neuter
Chapter 7 page 7
Noun Rule 6 (7.10)
Chapter 8 page 1
Chapter 8
A Preposition and its Object (8.2)
The object follows its preposition.
The object governs the meaning of the preposition.
Object
Preposition
Chapter 8 page 2
Movable Nu (8.10)
Chapter 8 page 3
Dependent Clauses (8.11)
Subject
Main Verb
Chapter 8 page 4
Prepositions
uac
sk
te
eac
ac,
st,
a
e
sv
Chapter 9 page 1
Chapter 9
Functions of an Adjective (9.1)
Good
Adjectivally Substantivally
(regular adjective) (noun)
He is a good boy. The good, the
bad, and the ugly
are welcome
here.
Chapter 9 page 2
Types of Adjectives (9.2)
Tall
Attributive Predicate
(gives an attribute) (predicates)
The girl is tall. The tall girl plays
basketball.
Chapter 9 page 3
Adjectival Use of the Adjective (9.11-13)
Attributive: immediately preceded by the
article.
c e,e0c, ev0ac, The good man.
c e,e0c, c ev0ac, The good man.
Predicate: not preceded by the article.
c ev0ac, e,e0c, The man is good.
e,e0c, c ev0ac, The man is good.
No article: see context
e,e0c, ev0ac, Good man.
Man is good.
e,e0c, ev0ac, Good man.
Man is good.
Chapter 9 page 4
Adjective (9.6)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg e,e0c, e,e0 e,e0cv
gen sg e,e0cu e,e0, e,e0cu
dat sg e,e0 e,e0 e,e0
acc sg e,e0cv e,e0v e,e0cv
nom pl e,e0ct e,e0et e,e0e
gen pl e,e0v e,e0v e,e0v
dat pl e,e0ct, e,e0et, e,e0ct,
acc pl e,e0cu, e,e0e, e,e0e
Chapter 9 page 5
Adjective Positions (9.11-13)
Chapter 10 page 1
Chapter 10
A Walk Through (10.7)
nom sg oek + , oe
gen sg oek + c, oekc,
dat sg oek + t oekt
acc sg oek + e oeke
nom pl oek + s, oeks,
gen pl oek + v oekv
dat pl oek + ot'v| oet'v|
acc pl oek + e, oeke,
Chapter 10 page 2
Master Case Ending Chart (10.10)
1st/2nd declension 3rd declension
masc fem neut masc/
fem
neut
nom sg
, v ,
gen sg
u , u c, c,
dat sg
t t t t t
acc sg
v v v e/v
nom pl
t t e s, e
gen pl
v v v v v
dat pl
t, t, t, ot'v| ot'v|
acc pl
u, , e e, e
Chapter 10 page 3
Rule 7: Square of Stops (10.13, 16)
Labial a ) e
Velar k ,
Dental t 0
Labial + o
Velar + o
Dental + o o
Chapter 10 page 4
Rule 8 (10.18)
A tau cannot stand at the end of
a word and will drop off.
cvcae
t
Chapter 10 page 5
Please!
No More Quizzes!
Chapter 11 page 1
Chapter 11
First and Second Person
Personal Pronouns (11.6)
rst second translation
nom sg s, ou I you
gen sg acu ocu my your
dat sg act oct to me to you
acc sg as os me you
nom pl ast, uast, we you
gen pl av uav our your
dat pl atv uatv us you
acc pl ae, uae, us you
Chapter 12 page 1
Chapter 12
Third Person Personal Pronoun (12.3)
2 1 2
masc fem neut translation
nom sg eutc, eut eutc he she it
gen sg eutcu eut, eutcu his her its
dat sg eut eut eut to him to her to it
acc sg eutcv eutv eutc him her it
nom pl eutct eutet eute they
gen pl eutv eutv eutv their
dat pl eutct, eutet, eutct, to them
acc pl eutcu, eute, eute them
Chapter 12 page 2
Three Uses of eutc, (12.12)
use comment translation
1. Pronoun Non-intensive. he, she , it
2. Adj. intensive Usually predicate position. him/her/itself
Normally in the nominative.
3. Identical adj. Usually attributive position. same
1. eutc, s,st ...
2. tcv Iocuv eutcv
Iocu, eutc, ....
3. c eutc, Iocu, ...
Chapter 13 page 1
Chapter 13
cutc, (13.4)
masc fem neut
nom sg cutc, eut tcutc
gen sg tcutcu teut, tcutcu
dat sg tcut teut tcut
acc sg tcutcv teutv tcutc
nom pl cutct eutet teute
gen pl tcutv tcutv tcutv
dat pl tcutct, teutet, tcutct,
acc pl tcutcu, teute, teute
Chapter 13 page 2
sss s kkk ksss sttt t vvv vccc c,,, , (13.5)
masc fem neut
nom sg skstvc, skstv skstvc
gen sg skstvcu skstv, skstvcu
dat sg skstv skstv skstv
acc sg skstvcv skstvv skstvc
nom pl skstvct skstvet skstve
gen pl skstvv skstvv skstvv
dat pl skstvct, skstvet, skstvct,
acc pl skstvcu, skstve, skstve
Chapter 14 page 1
Chapter 14
Relative Pronoun (14.7)
2 1 2
masc fem neut translation
nom sg c, c who/which/that
gen sg cu , cu of whom/which
dat sg to whom/which
acc sg cv v c whom/which/that
nom pl ct et e who/which/that
gen pl v v v of whom/which
dat pl ct, et, ct, to whom/which
acc pl cu, e, e whom/which/that
Chapter 15 page 1
Chapter 15
Agreement (15.3) Subject and verb must
agree in person and
number.
Person (15.4) First: I, We
Second: You
Third: He/She/It, They
Number (15.5) Singular
Plural
Chapter 15 page 2
Aspect (15.6-7) Continuous
Undened
Perfect
Undened vs. Punctiliar
Tense (15.11) Present
Future
Past
Time (15.11)
Voice (15.12) Active
Middle
Passive
Mood (15.13) Indicative
Chapter 15 page 3
Parts of the Verb (15.16-18)
u c asv
Stem (15.16)
Personal ending (15.18)
Connecting vowel (15.17)
Chapter 16 page 1
Chapter 16
Present Active Indicative (16.3,10)
Present Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Primary Active Personal Endings
u + c + asv ucasv
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg u I am loosing c
2 sg u st, You are loosing s ,
3 sg u st He/she/it is loosing s t
1 pl u casv We are loosing c asv
2 pl u sts You are loosing s ts
3 pl u cuot'v| They are loosing c vot
Chapter 16 page 2
First of Four Endings (16.12)
u '|
ust, ',|
ust 't|
ucasv 'asv|
usts 'ts|
ucuot'v| 'vot|
secondary tenses
a
c
t
i
v
e

v
o
i
c
e
m
i
d
d
l
e
/
p
a
s
s
i
v
e

v
o
i
c
e
primary tenses
Chapter 16 page 3
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing
Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres c/s prim act u
Chapter 16 page 4
Do You Feel Like You Are Sinking?
Hang In There!
DANGER!
Greek Quicksand
Chapter 17 page 1
Chapter 17
Five Rules of Contraction (17.4)
1. cu is formed by sc, cs, and cc.
2. st is formed by ss.
3. is formed from almost any
combination of omicron or
omega with any other vowel,
except for rule #1.
4. e is formed from es
5. is formed from se.
Chapter 17 page 2
Alternate Rules of Contraction ( 17.8)
1. Two like vowels form their common long
vowel.
2. Exception: When e and e contract they
form st. and when c and c contract they
form cu.
3. An c or will overcome an e. s. or
regardless of their order, and form .
4. Exception: When an s and c contract
they form cu. regardless of their order.
5. If an e comes before an s or an . they
will contract to an e.
If an s or an comes before an e. they
will contract to an .
Chapter 17 page 3
Contractions (17.10-11)
eee e sss s ttt t uuu u ccc c
eee e e e e et eu
sss s sss sttt t st su ccc cuuu u
ccc c ccc cuuu u ct cu ccc cuuu u
eee ettt t/eee e sss sttt t sss sttt t ccc cttt t ccc cuuu u
eee e e e e e
sss s st st ct cu
ccc c ct cu ct ct cu
Chapter 18 page 1
Chapter 18
Present Passive Indicative (18.4)
Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
u + c + aet ucaet
1 sg u c aet I am being loosed c aet
2 sg u You are being loosed s oet
3 sg u s tet He/she/it is being loosed s tet
1 pl u c as0e We are being loosed c as0e
2 pl u s o0s You are being loosed s o0s
3 pl u c vtet They are being loosed c vtet
Chapter 18 page 2
Second of Four Endings (18.6)
u '|
ust, ',|
ust 't|
ucasv 'asv|
usts 'ts|
ucuot'v| 'vot|
secondary tenses
a
c
t
i
v
e

v
o
i
c
e
ucaet 'aet|
u 'oet|
ustet 'tet|
ucas0e 'as0e|
uso0s 'o0s|
ucvtet 'vtet|
m
i
d
d
l
e
/
p
a
s
s
i
v
e

v
o
i
c
e
primary tenses
Chapter 18 page 3
Present Middle Indicative (18.10-11)
Connecting Vowel +
s + c + aet scaet
form denition c.v. p.e.
1 sg s c aet I come c aet
2 sg s You come s oet
3 sg s s tet He/she/it come s tet
1 pl s c as0e We come c as0e
2 pl s s o0s You come s o0s
3 pl s c vtet They come c vtet
Chapter 18 page 4
Master Verb Chart
Present mid/pas pres c/s prim mid/pas ucaet
Chapter 19 page 1
Chapter 19
Future Active Indicative (19.4,9)
Future Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (o) + Connecting Vowel +
u + o + c + asv uocasv
form denition c.v. p.e.
1 sg u o I will loose c
2 sg u o st, You will loose s ,
3 sg u o st He/she/it will loose s t
1 pl u o casv We will loose c asv
2 pl u o sts You will loose s ts
3 pl u c uot'v| They will loose c vot
Chapter 19 page 2
Future Middle Indicative (19.14,15)
acsu + o + c + aet acsuocaet
1 sg acsu o c aet I will go c aet
2 sg acsu o You will go s oet
3 sg acsu o s tet He/she/it will go s tet
1 pl acsu o c as0e We will go c as0e
2 pl acsu o s o0s You will go s o0s
3 pl acsu o c vtet They will go c vtet
Chapter 19 page 3
Master Verb Chart
Future act fut act o c/s prim act uo
Future mid fut act o c/s prim mid/pas ssuocaet
Chapter 20 page 1
Chapter 20
Verbal Root and Stem (20.2-3)
Verbal Root
P
r
e
s
e
n
t

s
t
e
m
F
u
t
u
r
e

s
t
e
m
I
m
p
e
r
f
e
c
t

s
t
e
m
A
o
r
i
s
t

s
t
e
m
P
e
r
f
e
c
t

s
t
e
m
Chapter 20 page 2
Liquid Future Active (20.16-17)
Tense Formative (so) + Connecting Vowel +
ktv + so + c + asv ktvcuasv
form translation
1 sg ktv I will judge soc
2 sg ktvst, You will judge sos ,
3 sg ktvst He/she/it will judge sos t
1 pl ktvcuasv We will judge soc asv
2 pl ktvstts You will judge sos ts
3 pl ktvcuot'v| They will judge soc vot
Chapter 20 page 3
Liquid Future Middle (20.18-19)
Tense Formative (so) + Connecting Vowel +
ktv + so + c + as0e ktvcuas0e
form translation
1 sg ktvcuaet I will judge soc aet
2 sg ktv You will judge sos oet
3 sg ktvsttet He/she/it will judge sos tet
1 pl ktvcuas0e We will judge soc as0e
2 pl ktvsto0s You will judge sos o0s
3 pl ktvcuvtet They will judge soc vtet
Chapter 20 page 4
Master Verb Chart
Liquid fut act fut act so c/s prim act ktv
Chapter 21 page 1
Chapter 21
Imperfect Active (21.6-7)
Augment + Present Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
s + u + c + asv sucasv
1 sg s u c v I was loosing c v
2 sg s u s , You were loosing s ,
3 sg s u s'v| He/she/it was loosing s 'v|
1 pl s u c asvWe were loosing c asv
2 pl s u s ts You were loosing s ts
3 pl s u c v They were loosing c v
Chapter 21 page 2
Imperfect Middle/Passive (21.8-9)
Augment + Present Passive Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Passive Personal Endings
s + u + c + av sucav
1 sg s u c av I was being loosing c av
2 sg s u c u You were loosing s oc
3 sg s u s tc He/she/it was loosing s tc
1 pl s u c as0e We were loosing c
as0e
2 pl s u s o0s You were loosing s o0s
Chapter 21 page 3
Final Four Endings (21.14)
u '|
ust, ',|
ust 't|
ucasv 'asv|
usts 'ts|
ucuot'v| 'vot|
secondary tenses
a
c
t
i
v
e

v
o
i
c
e
ucaet 'aet|
u 'oet|
ustet 'tet|
ucas0e 'as0e|
uso0s 'o0s|
ucvtet 'vtet|
m
i
d
d
l
e
/
p
a
s
s
i
v
e

v
o
i
c
e
sucv 'v|
sus, ',|
sus'v| '|
sucasv 'asv|
susts 'ts|
sucv 'v|
primary tenses
sucav 'av|
sucu 'oc|
sustc 'tc|
sucas0e 'as0e|
suso0s 'o0s|
sucvtc 'vtc|
Chapter 21 page 4
Master Verb Chart
Imperfect act s pres c/s sec act sucv
Imperfect mid/pas s pres c/s sec mid/pas sucav
Chapter 22 page 1
Chapter 22
Second Aorist Active (22.4)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
s + e) + c + asv se)casv
1 sg s e) c v I took c v
2 sg s e) s , You took s ,
3 sg s e) s'v| He/she/it took s 'v|
1 pl s e) c asv We took c asv
2 pl s e) s ts You took s ts
3 pl s e) c v They took c v
Chapter 22 page 2
Second Aorist Middle (22.13)
Connecting Vowel +
s + ,sv + c + av s,svcav
1 sg s ,sv c av I became c av
2 sg s ,sv c u You became s oc
3 sg s ,sv s tc He/she/it became s tc
1 pl s ,sv c as0e We became c as0e
2 pl s ,sv s o0s You became s o0s
3 pl s ,sv c vtc They became c vtc
Chapter 22 page 3
Master Verb Chart
2nd aorist act s aor act c/s sec act se)cv
2nd aorist mid s aor act c/s sec mid/pas s,svcav
Chapter 23 page 1
Chapter 23
First Aorist Active (23.3)
Tense Formative (oe) +
s + u + oe + asv suoeasv
form translation t.f. p.e.
1 sg s u oe I loosed oe
2 sg s u oe , You loosed oe ,
3 sg s u os'v| He/she/it loosed os 'v|
1 pl s u oe asv We loosed oe asv
2 pl s u oe ts You loosed oe ts
3 pl s u oe v They loosed oe v
Chapter 23 page 2
Liquid Aorists (23.12-13)
Tense Formative (e) +
s + astv + e + asv sastveasv
1 sg s astv e I remained e
2 sg s astv e , You remained e ,
3 sg s astv s 'v| He/she/it remained s 'v|
1 pl s astv e asv We remained e asv
2 pl s astv e ts You remained e ts
3 pl s astv e v They remained e v
Chapter 23 page 3
First Aorist Middle (23.15-16)
s + u + oe + av suoeav
1 sg s u oe av I loosed oe av
2 sg s u o You loosed oe oc
3 sg s u oe tc He/she/it loosed oe tc
1 pl s u oe as0e We loosed oe as0e
2 pl s u oe o0s You loosed oe o0s
3 pl s u oe vtc They loosed oe vtc
Chapter 23 page 4
Master Verb Chart
1st aorist act s aor act oe sec act suoe
Liquid aorist act s aor act e sec act sastve
1st aorist mid s aor act oe sec mid/pas suoeav
Chapter 24 page 1
Chapter 24
First Aorist Passive (24.3)
Augment + Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (0) +
s + u + 0 + v su0v
1 sg s u 0 v I was loosed 0 v
2 sg s u 0 , You were loosed 0 ,
3 sg s u 0 He/she/it was loosed0
1 pl s u 0 asv We were loosed 0 asv
2 pl s u 0 ts You were loosed 0 ts
3 pl s u 0 oev They were loosed 0 oev
Chapter 24 page 2
Second Aorist Passive (24.10)
Augment + Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Tense Formative () +
s + ,ee + + asv s,eeasv
1 sg s ,ee v I was written av
2 sg s ,ee , You were written oc
3 sg s ,ee He/she/it was written tc
1 pl s ,ee asv We were written as0e
2 pl s ,ee ts You were written o0s
3 pl s ,ee oev They were written vtc
Chapter 24 page 3
First Future Passive (24.12)
Aorist Passive Tense Stem (without augment) +
Tense Formative (0o) + Connecting Vowel +
u + 0o + c + aet u0ocaet
form translation t.f.+c.v. p.e.
1 sg u 0o c aet I will be loosed 0oc aet
2 sg u 0o You will be loosed 0os oet
3 sg u 0o s tet He/she/it will be loosed 0os tet
1 pl u 0o c as0eWe will be loosed 0oc as0e
2 pl u 0o so0s You will be loosed 0os o0s
3 pl u 0o c vtet They will be loosed 0oc vtet
Chapter 24 page 4
Second Future Passive (24.15)
Aorist Passive Tense Stem (without augment) +
eacote + o + c + aet eacoteocaet
form translation p.e.
1 sg eacote o c aet I will be sent aet
2 sg eacote o You will be sent oet
3 sg eacote o s tet He/she/it will be sent tet
1 pl eacote o c as0e We were written as0e
2 pl eacote o s o0s You were written o0s
3 pl eacote o c vtet They were written vtet
Chapter 24 page 5
Master Verb Chart
1st future pas aor pas 0o c/s prim mid/pas u0ocaet
2nd future pas aor pas o c/s prim mid/pas eacoteocaet
1st aorist pas s aor pas 0 sec act su0v
2nd aorist pas s aor pas sec act s,eev
Chapter 25 page 1
Chapter 25
Perfect Active (25.4)
Reduplication + Perfect Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (ke) +
+ s + u + ke + asv sukeasv
1 sg s u ke I have loosed ke
2 sg s u ke , You have loosed ke ,
3 sg s u ks 'v| He/she/it have loosed ks 'v|
1 pl s u ke asv We have loosed ke asv
2 pl s u ke ts You have loosed ke ts
3 pl s u ke ot'v| They have loosed ke ot'v|
Chapter 25 page 2
Perfect (Middle/Passive) (25.5)
Reduplication +
Perfect Middle/Passive Tense Stem +
+ s + u + aet suaet
form translation p.e.
1 sg s u aet I have been loosed aet
2 sg s u oet You have been loosed oet
3 sg s u tet He/she/it have been loosed tet
1 pl s u as0e We have been loosed as0e
2 pl s u o0s You have been loosed o0s
3 pl s u vtet They have been loosed vtet
Chapter 25 page 3
Reduplication of Stops (25.6)
a ) e as
k , ks
t 0 ts
Chapter 25 page 4
Master Verb Chart (25.19)
1st future pas aor pas 0o c/s prim mid/pas u0ocaet
2nd future pas aor pas o c/s prim mid/pas eacoteocaet
1st aorist pas s aor pas 0 sec act su0v
2nd aorist pas s aor pas sec act s,eev
1st perfect act s perf act ke prim act suke
2nd perfect act s perf act e prim act ,s,cve
Perfect mid/pas s perf pas prim mid/pas suaet
Chapter 26 page 1
Chapter 26
Participles
Verbal Adjective
Tense: present; aorist; perfect
Voice: active; middle; passive
Verbal modifiers
Case: nom; gen; dat; acc
Number: singular; plural
Gender: masc; fem; neut
Chapter 26 page 2
Your Guess
ucuo
uoevtv
sukctc,
Chapter 27 page 1
Chapter 27
Summary of Participles (27.1,3)
Guidelines for Present Adverbial
1. Present tense verbal stem
2. Continuous action
3. Related to verb (while + ing)
Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
atotsu + c + vt + s, atotsucvts,
masc fem neut
act vt cuoe vt
mid/pas asvc asv asvc
Chapter 27 page 2
Present (Continuous) Active (27.5)
Active Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
u + c + asvc + , ucasvc,
3 1 3
masc fem neut
nom sg uv ucuoe ucv
gen sg ucvtc, ucuo, ucvtc,
dat sg ucvtt ucuo ucvtt
acc sg ucvte ucuoev ucv
nom pl ucvts, ucuoet ucvte
gen pl ucvtv ucuov ucvtv
dat pl ucuot'v| ucuoet, ucuot'v|
acc pl ucvte, ucuoe, ucvte
masc fem neut
act vt cuoe vt
Chapter 27 page 3
Present (Continuous) Mid/Pas (27.7)
atotsu + c + vt + s, atotsucvts,
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg ucasvc, ucasv ucasvcv
gen sg ucasvcu ucasv, ucasvcu
dat sg ucasv ucasv ucasv
acc sg ucasvcv ucasvv ucasvcv
nom pl ucasvct ucasvet ucasve
gen pl ucasvv ucasvv ucasvv
dat pl ucasvct, ucasvet, ucasvct,
acc pl ucasvcu, ucasve, ucasve
masc fem neut
act vt cuoe vt
Chapter 27 page 4
Forms You Should Know
Present active: cvt. cuoe v cuoe cv
cvtc, cuo, cvtc,
Present middle/passive: casvc/ casvc, casv casvcv
casvcu casv, casvcu
Participle Morphemes
vt (active)
asvc/ (middle/passive)
Chapter 28 page 1
Chapter 28
First Aorist (Undened) Active (28.7-8)
Unaugmented Aorist Active Tense Stem +
u + oe + vt + c, uoevtc,
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg uoe, uoeoe uoev
gen sg uoevtc, uoeo, uoevtc,
dat sg uoevtt uoeo uoevtt
acc sg uoevte uoeoev uoev
nom pl uoevts, uoeoet uoevte
gen pl uoevtv uoeov uoevtv
dat pl uoeot'v| uoeoet, uoeot'v|
acc pl uoevte, uoeoe, uoevte
masc fem neut
nom sg oe, oeoe oev
gen sg oevtc, oeo, oevtc,
Chapter 28 page 2
First Aorist (Undened) Middle (28.9)
Unaugmented Aorist Middle Tense Stem +
u + oe + asvc + , uoeasvc,
2 1 2
masc fem neuter
nom sg uoeasvc, uoeasv uoeasvcv
gen sg uoeasvcu uoeasv, uoeasvcu
dat sg uoeasv uoeasv uoeasv
acc sg uoeasvcv uoeasvv uoeasvcv
nom pl uoeasvct uoeasvet uoeasve
gen pl uoeasvv uoeasvv uoeasvv
dat pl uoeasvct, uoeasvet, uoeasvct,
acc pl uoeasvcu, uoeasve, uoeasve
masc fem neut
nom sg oeasvc, oeasv oeasvcv
gen sg oeasvcu oeasv, oeasvcu
Chapter 28 page 3
First Aorist (Undened) Passive (28.10)
Unaugmented Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (0) +
u + 0s + vt + c, u0svtc,
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg u0st, u0stoe u0sv
gen sg u0svtc, u0sto, u0svtc,
dat sg u0svtt u0sto u0svtt
acc sg u0svte u0stoev u0sv
nom pl u0svts, u0stoet u0svte
gen pl u0svtv u0stov u0svtv
dat pl u0stot'v| u0stoet, u0stot'v|
acc pl u0svte, u0stoe, u0svte
masc fem neut
nom sg 0st, 0stoe 0sv
gen sg 0svtc, 0sto, 0svtc,
Chapter 28 page 4
Second Aorist (Undened) Active (28.12)
Unaugmented Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
ta + c + vt + c, tacvts,
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg tav tacuoe tacv
gen sg tacvtc, tacuo, tacvtc,
dat sg tacvtt tacuo tacvtt
acc sg tacvte tacuoev tacv
nom pl tacvts, tacuoet tacvte
gen pl tacvtv tacuov tacvtv
dat pl tacuot'v| tacuoet, tacuot'v|
acc pl tacvtcu, tacuoe, tacvte
masc fem neut
nom sg v cuoe cv
gen sg cvtc, cuo, cvtc,
Chapter 28 page 5
Second Aorist (Undened) Middle (28.13)
Unaugmented Aorist Middle Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
ta + c + asvc + , tacasvc,
2 1 2
masc fem neuter
nom sg tacasvc, tacasv tacasvcv
gen sg tacasvcu tacasv, tacasvcu
dat sg tacasv tacasv tacasv
acc sg tacasvcv tacasvv tacasvcv
nom pl tacasvct tacasvet tacasve
gen pl tacasvv tacasvv tacasvv
dat pl tacasvct, tacasvet,
tacasvct,
masc fem neut
nom sg casvc, casv casvcv
gen sg casvcu casv, casvcu
Chapter 28 page 6
Second Aorist (Undened) Passive (28.13)
Unaugmented Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
,ee + s + vt + s, ,eesvts,
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg ,eest, ,eestoe ,eesv
gen sg ,eesvtc, ,eesto, ,eesvtc,
dat sg ,eesvtt ,eesto ,eesvtt
acc sg ,eesvte ,eestoev ,eesv
nom pl ,eesvts, ,eestoet ,eesvte
gen pl ,eesvtv ,eestov ,eesvtv
dat pl ,eestot'v| ,eestoet, ,eestot'v|
acc pl ,eesvte, ,eestoe, ,eesvte
masc fem neut
nom sg st, stoe sv
gen sg svtc, sto, svtc,
Chapter 28 page 7
cvtc, cuo, cvtc,
casvcu casv, casvcu
First aorist active: oevt. oeoe oe, oeoe oev
oevtc, oeo, oevtc,
First aorist middle: oeasvc/ oeasvc, oeasv oeasvcv
oeasvcu oeasv, oeasvcu
First aorist passive: 0svt. 0stoe 0st, 0stoe 0sv
0svtc, 0sto, 0svtc,
Second aorist active: cvt. cuoe v cuoe cv
cvtc, cuo, cvtc,
Second aorist middle: casvc/ casvc, casv casvcv
casvcu casv, casvcu
Second aorist passive: stoe. svt st, stoe sv
svtc, sto, svtc,
vt (active)
Chapter 30 page 1
Chapter 30
Perfect Active (30.3)
Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (k) +
s + u + k + ct + s, sukcts,
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg suk, sukute sukc,
gen sg sukctc, sukute, sukctc,
dat sg sukctt sukute sukctt
acc sg sukcte sukutev sukc,
nom pl sukcts, sukutet sukcte
gen pl sukctv sukutv sukctv
dat pl sukcot'v| sukutet, sukcot'v|
acc pl sukcte, sukute, sukcte
masc fem neut
nom sg k, kute kc,
gen sg kctc, kute, kctc,
Chapter 30 page 2
Perfect Middle/Passive (30.4)
Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem +
s + u + asvc + , suasvc,
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg suasvc, suasv suasvcv
gen sg suasvcu suasv, suasvcu
dat sg suasv suasv suasv
acc sg suasvcv suasvv suasvcv
nom pl suasvct suasvet suasve
gen pl suasvv suasvv suasvv
dat pl suasvct, suasvet, suasvct,
acc pl suasvcu, suasve, suasve
masc fem neut
nom sg asvc, asv asvcv
gen sg asvcu asv, asvcu
Chapter 30 page 3
cvtc, cuo, cvtc,
casvcu casv, casvcu
First aorist active: oevt. oeoe oe, oeoe oev
oevtc, oeo, oevtc,
First aorist middle: oeasvc/ oeasvc, oeasv oeasvcv
oeasvcu oeasv, oeasvcu
First aorist passive: 0svt. 0stoe 0st, 0stoe 0sv
0svtc, 0sto, 0svtc,
Second aorist active: cvt. cuoe v cuoe cv
cvtc, cuo, cvtc,
Second aorist middle: casvc/ casvc, casv casvcv
casvcu casv, casvcu
Second aorist passive: stoe. svt st, stoe sv
svtc, sto, svtc,
First perfect active: kct. kute k, kute kc,
kctc, kute, kctc,
First perfect middle/passive: asvc/ asvc, asv asvcv
asvcu asv, asvcu
vt (active)
ct (perfect active)
Chapter 32 page 1
Chapter 32
Innitive (32.4)
present 1st aorist 2nd aorist perfect
active stv oet stv vet
middle so0et oeo0et so0et o0et
passive so0et 0vet vet o0et
present 1st aorist 2nd aorist perfect
active ustv uoet tastv suksvet
middle uso0et uoeo0et taso0et suo0et
passive uso0et u0vet ,eevet suo0et
Chapter 32 page 2
Uses of the Innitive (#32.9-13)
1. Substantive
2. Complementary innitive
3. Articular inntive with preposition
a. te because
b. st, in order that
c. sv when/while
d. aste after
e. ac before
f. ac, in order that
4. Purpose
a. articular innitive with st, or ac,
b. articular innitive with article in the genitive
c. innitive
5. Result
Chapter 33 page 1
Chapter 33
Imperative (33.6)
active and aorist passive middle/passive
2 sg v
3 sg t o0
2 pl ts o0s
3 pl toev o0oev
present rst aorist translation
active
2 sg us uocv (You) Loose!
3 sg ust uoet Let him loose!
2 pl usts uoets (You) loose!
3 pl ustoev uoetoev Let them loose!
middle
2 sg ucu uoet (You) loose for yourself!
3 sg uso0 uoeo0 Let him loose for himself!
2 pl uso0s uoeo0s (You) loose!
3 pl uso0oev uoeo0oev Let them loose!
passive
2 sg ucu u0tt (You) be loosed!
3 sg uso0 u0t Let him be loosed!
2 pl uso0s u0ts (You) be loosed!
3 pl uso0oev u0toev Let them be loosed!
Chapter 34 page 1
Chapter 34
Rule #1 (34.6)
Rule One: at verbs reduplicate
their initial stem letter to form the
present, and separate the
reduplicated consonant with an
iota.
t
Chapter 34 page 2
Rule #2 (34.7)
Rule Two: at verbs do not
ordinarily use a connecting (i.e.,
thematic) vowel in the
indicative. The personal ending is
added directly to the stem.
t + oc + asv
tasv
Chapter 34 page 3
Rule #3 (34.8)
Rule 3: at verbs employ three
different personal endings in the
present active.
at verbs thematic conjugation
1 sg tat at u
2 sg t, , ust, ,
3 sg tot'v| ot ust t
1 pl tcasv asv ucasv asv
2 pl tcts ts usts ts
3 pl tceot'v| eot ucuot'v| vot
Chapter 34 page 4
Rule #4 (34.9)
Rule Four: the stem vowel of at
verbs can lengthen, shorten, or
drop out (ablaut).
tat
tcasv
Chapter 34 page 5
Rule #5 (34.10)
Rule Five: Most of the at verbs
use ke as their tense formative in
the aorist.
at verbs thematic conjugation
1 sg ske suoe
2 sg ske, suoe,
3 sg sks'v| suos'v|
1 pl skeasv suoeasv
2 pl skets suoets
3 pl skev suoev
Chapter 34 page 6
ttt t aaa attt t in the Indicative (34.11)
present imperfect future aorist perfect
1 sg tat stcuv o ske ske
2 sg t, stcu, ost, ske, ske,
3 sg tot'v| stcu ost sks'v| sks'v|
1 pl tcasv stcasv ocasv skeasv skeasv
2 pl tcts stcts osts skets skets
3 pl tceot'v| stcoev ocuot'v| skev skev
Chapter 34 page 7
Lets Practive
1. osts
2. stcu,
3. ske
4. totv
5. sks
Chapter 35 page 1
Chapter 35
Present Active Indicative (35.2)
*ote *0s *c *stkvu
1 sg totat tt0at tat stkvuat
2 sg tot, tt0, t, stkvust,
3 sg totot'v| tt0ot'v| tot'v| stkvuot 'v|
1 pl toteasv tt0sasv tcasv stkvuasv
2 pl totets tt0sts tcts stkvuts
3 pl toteot'v| tt0seot'v| tceot'v| stkvueot'v|

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