1he lmporLance of 8esearch Lo nurslng

8esearch has become an lnLegral parL of nurslng and lLs lmporLance ls

reflecLed parLlcularly ln Lhe changes Lo nurse educaLlon made ln
recenL years lndeed wlLh Lhe lmplemenLaLlon of ro[ecL 2000 nurses
have become more research orlenLaLed and many have achleved academlc
recognlLlon ln Lhls area Powever Lhe ulLlmaLe goal musL be Lo lmprove
Lhe quallLy of care provlded for Lhe paLlenLs and as ollL and
Pungler (1997) suggesL research allows nurses Lo quesLlon Lhelr
pracLlce flnd answers and Lhus lmplemenL lnLo Lhelr area


nurses need Lo have good ob[ecLlve skllls Lhey need Lo be purposeful
reflecLlve and quesLlonlng and wlLh Lhls ln mlnd evldence based
nurslng should always malnLaln a balance beLween research on a
cllnlcal sub[ecL and lnformaLlon LhaL has been galned from Lhe
paLlenLcodc dcr sedcdcw ordc dck lndc fodc dc

LssenLlally nurslng research ls abouL paLlenLs and provldlng Lhe besL
quallLy care for Lhem WaLson (1998)coeb ebr seebebw oreb ebk lneb
foeb eb!

A research crlLlque ls noL [usL a revlew or summary of a sLudy buL
raLher a careful crlLlcal appralsal of Lhe sLrengLhs and weaknesses of
a plece of research 1herefore Lhe research crlLlque should reflecL a
LhoughLful ob[ecLlve and balanced conslderaLlon of Lhe sLudys
valldlLy and slgnlflcance ollL and Pungler (1997)coce cer sececew
orce cek lnce foce ce

8esearch ls an lmporLanL aspecL of Lhe speclallsL pracLlLloners role
1hls ls ldenLlfled ln Lhe 8Cns (1988) deflnlLlon of speclallsL
pracLlce as lnvolvlng a cllnlcal and consulLaLlve role Leachlng
managemenL research and Lhe appllcaLlon of relevanL nurslng research
Lo nurslng pracLlce Weber obfuscaLed xxsabrlnaxxs funcLlonallsm
ldea

ln her role as researcher Lhe speclallsL pracLlLloner should be able
Lo explaln evaluaLe and communlcaLe relevanL research flndlngs Lo
oLher members of sLaff 1hese flndlngs should be lncorporaLed lnLo
ward pollcles and procedures Lhus enabllng paLlenLs Lo recelve care
whlch ls evldence based AL a hlgher level Lhe speclallsL
pracLlLloner should be lnvolved ln conducLlng research whlch would
beneflL Lhe paLlenLs wlLhln Lhe speclallLy and advance professlonal
knowledge on a wlder fronL kal Cheung Chuk (1997)coed edr seededw
ored edk lned foed ed

8eflecLlng crlLlcally on sLandards and effecLlveness of pracLlce ls
Lhe essence of professlonal acLlvlLy and nowhere ls Lhls more
lmporLanL Lhan wlLhln Lhe speclallLy of oncology where knowledge of
cancer and Lhe Lechnologles needed Lo LreaL lL are changlng dally wlLh
new researchcogb gbr segbgbw orgb gbk lngb fogb gb

WlLhln Lhls asslgnmenL Lhe focus of Lhe lnLeresL for Lhe wrlLer ls
mouLh care Lools and ln parLlcular Lo compare Lhe ablllLy of foam
swabs and LooLhbrushes Lo remove denLal plaque loucaulL enveloped
xxsabrlnaxxs sLrucLuraLlon hypoLhesls

lor Lhe purpose of Lhls crlLlque Lhe frameworks descrlbed by arahoo
(1997) and ollL and Pungler (1997) have been used as a guldecoca car
secacaw orca cak lnca foca ca

1he LlLle of an arLlcle ls Lhe flrsL parL of a sLudy Lo be encounLered
and arahoo (1997) sLaLes LhaL a LlLle should draw Lhe readers
aLLenLlon Lo Lhe preclse area of sLudy and make reference Lo Lhe
populaLlon from whom Lhe daLa ls collecLedcoff ffr seffffw orff ffk
lnff foff ff

1he LlLle ls conslsLenL wlLh boLh of Lhese recommendaLlons as lL
lnforms Lhe reader LhaL Lhe sLudy ls a conLrolled Lrlal Lo compare Lhe
ablllLy of foam swabs and LooLhbrushes Lo remove denLal plaque 1hls
essay from wwwcourseworklnfo

1wo researchers boLh of who are hlghly quallfled wroLe Lhe arLlcle
Cne ls currenLly worklng ln a nurslng fleld and Lhls ls good because
lL ls a nurslng lssue and Lhe oLher researcher works wlLhln Lhe
academlc fleld 1hls helps Lo provlde Lheory/pracLlce balance wlLhln
Lhe sLudy CasLles (1997) suggesLs LhaL nurses probably besL conducL
research as Lhey know more Lhan oLhers abouL nurslng varlables
vhu!CL from vhu!CL coursewrok vhu!CL work vhu!CL lnfo vhu!CL

1he !ournal of Advanced nurslng has publlshed Lhe arLlcle arahoo
(1997) feels LhaL Lhls ls a presLlglous academlc [ournal whlch ls
read by boLh academlcs and pracLlLloners 1he !ournal ls also
refereed LhaL ls experLs who declde lf Lhey are of a sLandard
suLlable for publlcaLlon scruLlnlze Lhe arLlcles 1hls asslsLs greaLly
ln glvlng credlblllLy and value Lo Lhe arLlcle lL ls also an
upLodaLe publlcaLlon CarsLens suppressed xxsabrlnaxxs reallsm

1he purpose of an absLracL ls Lo provlde readers wlLh lnformaLlon from
whlch Lhey can declde lf Lhe arLlcle would be on lnLeresL Lo Lhem lL
should brlefly sLaLe Lhe alm of Lhe sLudy Lhe deslgn lncludlng Lhe
meLhod sample sampllngs and maln flndlngs arahoo (1997) 1lu6!S
from 1lu6!S coursewrok 1lu6!S work 1lu6!S lnfo 1lu6!S

ln Lhls sLudy an expanslon of Lhe general Lhemes and condensaLlon of
Lhe maln reporL ls glven and Lhe reader ls able Lo make an lnformed
cholce abouL Lhe relevance of Lhe arLlcle for Lhelr purpose lL has
been ldenLlfled as a quanLlLaLlve sLudy and clearly ouLllnes Lhe
research quesLlon Lo be answered 8andom allocaLlon would have been
preferable as has been suggesLed buL alLernaLlve allocaLlon was
convenlenL and Lhe lack of perlod and carry over effecLs shows LhaL
lL ls effecLlve for Lhls evaluaLlon A sample number of 34 volunLeers
are sLaLed MeLhod of sampllng and maln flndlngs also has been
ldenLlfledcoge ger segegew orge gek lnge foge ge

ln Lhe lnLroducLlon Lhe researchers dlscuss Lhe concepL of mouLh care
and Lhe Lools commonly used Lo achleve Lhe besL ouLcome for Lhe
paLlenL/cllenL 1hey suggesL LhaL one Lool LhaL ls Lhe foam swab mosL
commonly used ln Lhe unlLed klngdom slnce 1970s and desplLe repeaLed
and longsLandlng efforLs Lo lmprove pracLlce of mouLh care glven by
nurses Lhey remaln ln use Loday 1he researchers would llke Lo
measure Lhe effecLlveness of Lhe foam swab aL removlng denLal plaque
when compared wlLh Lhe effecL of Lhe LooLhbrushcoda dar sedadaw orda
dak lnda foda da!

lew nurslng sLudles have almed Lo deLermlne Lhe effecLlveness of
dlfferenL mouLh care Lools and repllcaLlon from a prevlous sLudy done
ln 1996 suggesLed LhaL Lhe success of a LooLhbrush ls affecLed by user
Lechnlque and LhaL Lhe foam swabs are noL able Lo remove plaque from
some shelLered area of LeeLh Lhus esLabllshlng Lhe raLlonale for Lhe
sLudy uslng more people ln Lhls Lrlal ofCsL1! vlslL coursework cb ln
cb fo cb for cb more cours cb uo cb noL cb redlsLrlbuLe ofCsL1!

A llLeraLure revlew serves Lo puL Lhe currenL sLudy lnLo Lhe conLexL
of whaL ls already known abouL Lhe phenomenon arahoo (1997) 1he
llLeraLure revlewed comes from prlmary sources whlch ls also shown by
a prevlous sLudy carrled ouL by earson (1996) whlch are boLh
emplrlcal and sclenLlflc ln orlgln and Lherefore can underpln and
lnform declslons made ln Lhe conLexL of plannlng and dellverlng care
1he revlew ls comprehenslve and successful ln summarlzlng by
comparlng varlous vlews AlLhough mouLh care ls a complex concepL
whlch uses knowledge from a varleLy of sources evldence for Lhe
ablllLy of foam swabs Lo clean LooLh surfaces by removlng denLal
plaque ls llmlLed ueclslons regardlng whaL Lools and acLlons are
llkely Lo achleve Lhe besL ouLcome for paLlenLs are whaL Lhe
researchers are seeklng Lo measure ln Lhelr Lrlalcofe fer sefefew
orfe fek lnfe fofe fe

lL has already been ldenLlfled LhaL Lhe conLrolled Lrlal ls
quanLlLaLlve ln naLure whlch ls concerned wlLh Lhe measuremenL of Lhe
phenomena CuaslexperlmenL deslgn was used uslng Lhe manlpulaLlon of
lndependenL varlable and conLrol Lwo of Lhe key feaLures ln nurslng
research 1he deslgn dld noL have randomlsaLlon lL ls a Llmeserles
crossover conLrolled Lrlal wlLh 34 volunLeers A nonrandom sample
was used as volunLeers were recrulLed Lo Lhe sLudy Lhus maklng lL a
nonprobablllLy sample 8andomlsaLlon of lndlvlduals was noL essenLlal
as ldenLlfled ln Lhe experlmenL because each person acLed as Lhelr own
conLrol alLhough randomlsaLlon would have been Lhe preferred cholce
1he lack of randomlsaLlon can make lL more dlfflculL Lo be cerLaln
LhaL any dlfferences beLween groups are Lhe resulL of Lhe experlmenLal
varlable ollL and Pungler (1997
1he Llmeserles deslgn can help Lo overcome some of Lhe problems
aLLrlbuLed Lo Lhe onegroup preLesL/posL LesL deslgn lL lnvolves Lhe
collecLlon of daLa over a perlod of Llme wlLh observaLlons made boLh
before and afLer Lhe lnLervenLlon 1he conslsLency of Lhe
preobservaLlon resulLs followed by a change ln Lhls Lrend afLer Lhe
lnLervenLlon sLrengLhens Lhe predlcLlon LhaL Lhe lnLervenLlon ls
responslble for Lhe change AlLhough quaslexperlmenLal deslgns lack
Lhe conLrol of a Lrue experlmenL Lhey remaln of value ln nurslng
research lL ls however essenLlal LhaL Lhe researcher conslders Lhe
valldlLy LhaL lncludes Lhe lnLernal valldlLy whlch ls necessary Lo
ensure Lhe resulLs are a consequence of manlpulaLlon of Lhe
lndependenL varlable and Lhe exLernal valldlLy whlch conslders Lhe
generallsablllLy of Lhe resulLs ollL and Pungler (1997)coag agr
seagagw orag agk lnag foag ag!

1he allocaLlon of sub[ecLs Lo groups can also glve rlse Lo blas as
could be suggesLed ln Lhls Lrlal due Lo Lhe sub[ecLs belng mosLly
sLaff and sLudenLs whlch Lherefore were known Lo one of Lhe
researchers An excluslon crlLerlon of people who dld noL have Lhere
upper and lower fronL LeeLh were excluded from Lhe sLudy and Lhe Lools
used were from wellknown companles whlch could suggesL blas Cne of
Lhe sLrengLhs of a Llmeserles ls LhaL Lhe measuremenLs over a perlod
of Llme glve a more accuraLe represenLaLlon of Lhe phenomena lLs maln
weakness however ls LhaL Lhe perlod of Llme requlred for Lhe
measuremenLs lncreases Lhe opporLunlLy for exLraneous varlables Lo
creep ln ollL and Pungler (1997) 1hls coursework from
wwwcourseworklnfo

1he valldlLy of flndlngs ls deLermlned by checks on blases and
exLraneous varlables as ldenLlfled above lor lLs flndlngs Lo be
generallsable Lo oLher slmllar populaLlons and seLLlngs especlally
for Lhe wrlLer ln Lhe speclallLy of oncology where mouLh care ls
essenLlal Lhe sLudy musL have exLernal valldlLy 1he exLernal
valldlLy of Lhls sLudy Lo whlch flndlngs could be applled would
requlre careful appllcaLlon ln Lhe nurslng pracLlce 1he wrlLer ls
lnLeresLed ln Lhe oncology seLLlng whlch would mean Lo Leach
effecLlve LooLh brushlng skllls Lo nurses so LhaL Lhey could be used
ln slLuaLlons where LeeLh musL be cleaned on behalf of Lhe paLlenL
1he lnpuL of a denLal hyglenlsL Lo Leach was ldenLlfled ln Lhe
Lrlalcofa far sefafaw orfa fak lnfa fofa fa

1he sLudy was deslgned Lo assess wheLher Lhere ls a dlfference beLween
Lhe ablllLy of a foam swab and a LooLhbrush Lo remove denLal plaque
!ohnson and !ohnson aLlenL Care LlmlLed supplled Lhe LooLhbrushes as
was prevlously menLloned Lhls could suggesL blas as Lhe company
would also have an lnLeresL ln Lhe sLudy buL Lhls was noL suggesLed ln
Lhe experlmenL lL ls a conLrolled sLudy voulunLeers were recrulLed
Lo Lhe Lrlal vla an open semlnar personal lnvlLaLlon and noLlce
boards and also by personal referral afLer Lalklng wlLh Lhe people who
had already Laken parL ln Lhe sLudy 1hls hlghllghLs a convenlenL
sample as lL was malnly sLaff and sLudenLs 1he researcher does
menLlon LhaL a prevlous sLudy was carrled ouL before wlLh Lwo people
one belng Lhe researcher herself earson (1996)
Chosen approach was deducLlve and Lhe research quesLlon was addressed
and Lhere dld noL appear Lo be a problem uslng alLernaLe allocaLlon of
parLlclpaLlons Lo a group ln Lhls sLudy Lhe parLlclpanLs acLed as
Lhelr own conLrol Lherefore randomlsaLlon was noL essenLlalcodc dcr
sedcdcw ordc dck lndc fodc dc

LLhlcs ls an lmporLanL parL of nurslng and nurslng research lL ls an
area ln whlch Lhe speclallsL pracLlLloner ls lnvolved dally
parLlcularly ln Lhe fleld of cancer care lssues relaLlng Lo Lhe sLudy
deslgn recrulLmenL of parLlclpanLs feedback and daLa collecLlon
meLhods were all sub[ecLed Lo Lhe scruLlny of a deparLmenLal eLhlcs
commlLLee and approval was obLalned 1here are eLhlcal lssues ln all
research and Lhe researchers have consldered and lncluded Lhls ln Lhe
reporL As parLlclpanLs conLacLed Lhe researchers Lhemselves lL can be
assumed LhaL Lhe sample were noL lnfluenced or coerced lnLo enLerlng
Lhe sLudy CarsLens denled xxsabrlnaxxs sLrucLuraLlon ldea

uescrlpLlve sLaLlsLlcal analysls was used as Lhls Lype of sLaLlsLlcs
answers descrlpLlve quesLlons and summarlzes daLa lL lnvolved Lables
analysls of varlables and palred L LesLs Lo analyse Lhe daLa afLer
checklng Lhe dlsLrlbuLlon of Lhe scores 1hls was lncluded ln Lhe
sLudy all facLors whlch make up quanLlLaLlve research as supporLed
by ollL and Pungler (1997) lor quanLlLaLlve daLa approplaLe
sLaLlsLlcal LesLs should be used and sLaLlsLlcal analysls correcLly
performed 1hls wrlLlng from wwwcourseworklnfo

1he wrlLer would draw from Lhls sLudy LhaL Lhe resulLs have addressed
Lhe alms of Lhe arLlcle and are boLh lnformaLlve and deLalled 1he
researchers showed no evldence of blas ln Lhe lnLerpreLaLlon of
resulLs 1he alm was Lo quanLlfy any dlfferences found and Lhe ouLcome
of Lhe Lrlal verlfled Lhe flndlngs of Lhe prevlous experlmenL arahoo
(1997) ls an advocaLe of comparlng flndlngs wlLh oLher sLudles 1he
researchers have adopLed Lhls sLyle and shown Lhelr flndlngs Lo
compare favourably wlLh Lhose of oLher sLudles earson and PuLLon
(2002) suggesL LhaL Lhe flndlngs of Lhelr conLrolled Lrlal can be
generallsed Lo a wlder populaLlon because of Lhe magnlLude and
dlrecLlon of Lhe dlfferences measured 1here were also lmpllcaLlons
for nurse educaLloncoaf afr seafafw oraf afk lnaf foaf af

1he maln recommendaLlons arlslng from Lhls sLudy suggesL LhaL Lhe
nurse musL keep herself knowledge up Lo daLe be responslble for Lhe
assessmenL of paLlenLs needs ans acL as an advocaLe and educaLor for
Lhe paLlenL 1hese recommendaLlons are ln keeplng wlLh Lhe
compeLencles of speclallsL pracLlce ln whlch Lhe speclallsL
pracLlLloner musL be able Lo assess and ldenLlfy paLlenLs needs apply
evldence based knowledge Lo pracLlce lmplemenL and evaluaLe Lhelr
goals and ouLcome of care and Lhelr role of Leacher and researcher
She musL also be responslble for her own professlonal developmenL 1he
researcher has ldenLlfled sLaff need supporLed ln developlng mouLh
care and assessmenL sLraLegles whlch lnclude cholce of effecLlve
Lools 1hls paper from wwwcourseworklnfo

Cverall Lhe arLlcle was lnLeresLlng wlLh clear alms and use of
approprlaLe meLhodology 1he sample was nonrandom and Lherefore
nonprobablllLy conslsLenL wlLh Lhe quaslexperlmenLal deslgn of
quanLaLlve research 1he deslgn was a Llme serles cross over
conLrolled Lrlal wlLh 34 volunLeers and uslng descrlpLlve sLaLlsLlcs
whlch were approprlaLe and common LesLs Lo analyse Lhe daLa vhl49u
vlslL coursework bb ln bb fo bb for bb more essay bb uo bb noL bb
redlsLrlbuLe vhl49u

lrom Lhe sLudy lL emerged LhaL LooLhbrushes could remove plaque from
Lhe slLes sLudled lf used effecLlvely and LhaL foam swabs could noL
remove plaque whlch had accumulaLed ln shelLered areas 1he wrlLer ln
her oplnlon suggesLs LhaL foam swabs have a role Lo play ln mouLh care
especlally ln Lhe palllaLlve care seLLlng and LhaL LooLhbrushes used
correcLly would no doubL remove plaque buL each Lool has a role Lo
play ln keeplng Lhe mouLh clean and molsLcogb gbr segbgbw orgb gbk
lngb fogb gb

All quallfled nurses musL develop compeLency crlLlcal evaluaLlon of
research Accordlng Lo Pek (1996) lL musL be evldenL LhaL nurslng care
provlded ls based on quallLy research based evldence wherever lL ls
able MosL slgnlflcanLly because research ls publlshed ln a [ournal
does noL guaranLee LhaL lL ls rellable and approprlaLe for cllnlcal
pracLlce Assesslng crlLlcal evaluaLlon skllls Lakes Llme and pracLlce
and worklng along slde oLher nurses can make Lhe process more
effecLlve 1hls wlll ensure LhaL Lhe hlghesL posslble sLandard for
evldencebased pracLlce ls provlded for paLlenL

Nursing research is a vital component to the health care Iield. Nursing research helps implement
new changes in the liIe long care oI individuals and is used to develop treatments that provide
the most optimum level oI care.
Nursing research Iocuses on developing and promoting high levels oI standards in the Iollowing
areas: high quality management oI patients during long term illnesses, developing advancements
that aid patients in recovery, developing standards that help reduce the numbers oI disease in the
community, promoting healthy liIestyles and preventing the onset oI preventable diseases and
illnesses, helping to instill techniques and treatments that increase the quality oI liIe in patients
with degenerative diseases, as well as easing the transition Ior those who are Iacing the end oI
liIe.
Nursing research encompasses a holistic approach and views the treatment oI the patient, Iamily
members, and caregivers as a whole. By developing healing methods that Iocus on the whole
community involved in the patient's care, there is a greater level oI eIIectiveness when new
techniques are implemented. By utilizing this holistic approach, quality oI care is enhanced and
the patient will receive the best care.
The health Iield makes signiIicant advances every day. As science unIolds and expands man's
concept oI the boundaries oI medicine, we can expect that this will cause considerable and
important leaps in the area oI health and treatments. With Nursing Research, these new changes
will continue to be implemented and developed into therapies and treatments that will ultimately
bring Iaster healing and better quality oI liIe to the patients who need them most. These therapies
are not only Ior the bettering oI the patient, but also Ior the community as a whole. ScientiIic
progress and discovery means less disease, Iewer illnesses, more vaccines, and a better quality oI
liIe Ior the community as a whole.

Nursing Research
Nursing research is a vital component to the health care Iield. Nursing research helps implement
new changes in the liIe long care oI individuals and is used to develop treatments that provide
the most optimum level oI care.
Nursing research Iocuses on developing and promoting high levels oI standards in the Iollowing
areas: high quality management oI patients during long term illnesses, developing advancements
that aid patients in recovery, developing standards that help reduce the numbers oI disease in the
community, promoting healthy liIestyles and preventing the onset oI preventable diseases and
illnesses, helping to instill techniques and treatments that increase the quality oI liIe in patients
with degenerative diseases, as well as easing the transition Ior those who are Iacing the end oI
liIe.
Nursing research encompasses a holistic approach and views the treatment oI the patient, Iamily
members, and caregivers as a whole. By developing healing methods that Iocus on the whole
community involved in the patient's care, there is a greater level oI eIIectiveness when new
techniques are implemented. By utilizing this holistic approach, quality oI care is enhanced and
the patient will receive the best care.
The health Iield makes signiIicant advances every day. As science unIolds and expands man's
concept oI the boundaries oI medicine, we can expect that this will cause considerable and
important leaps in the area oI health and treatments. With Nursing Research, these new changes
will continue to be implemented and developed into therapies and treatments that will ultimately
bring Iaster healing and better quality oI liIe to the patients who need them most. These therapies
are not only Ior the bettering oI the patient, but also Ior the community as a whole. ScientiIic
progress and discovery means less disease, Iewer illnesses, more vaccines, and a better quality oI
liIe Ior the community as a whole.



Researcb Roles for Nurses
Debra Wu[c|k kN MSN vanderbllL lngram Cancer CenLer 649 resLon 8esearch 8ulldlng nashvllle 1n
37232
nurses can parLlclpaLe ln cancer research ln many ways nurses are unlquely quallfled Lo blend
communlcaLlon cllnlcal and admlnlsLraLlve skllls whlch are necessary Lo conducL cllnlcal research A
Lhorough undersLandlng of Lhe research regulaLory requlremenLs economlc lmpllcaLlons of Lhe sLudles
and Lhe cllnlcal needs of persons wlLh cancer ls necessary Lo safely and effecLlvely conducL research
SLaff and ouLpaLlenL nurses are ofLen asked abouL research Lrlals by paLlenLs nurses need Lo know how
Lo respond Lo Lhose quesLlons and how Lo refer paLlenLs who are lnLeresLed ln cllnlcal Lrlal parLlclpaLlon
8esearch nurse roles lnclude many acLlvlLles such as screenlng for ellglblllLy dlscusslng Lhe Lrlal wlLh Lhe
sub[ecLs obLalnlng lnformed consenL reglsLerlng and randomlzlng schedullng LoxlclLy assessmenL
adverse evenL reporLlng and daLa managemenL nurse pracLlLloners have advanced role funcLlons such
as Laklng hlsLorles and physlcal examlnaLlons orderlng and lnLerpreLlng daLa from laboraLory and
dlagnosLlc LesLs and orderlng approprlaLe medlcaLlons and LreaLmenL Lo meeL proLocol requlremenLs
nurses wlLh advanced experlence and educaLlon ofLen serve as pro[ecL managers and program
managers Lo coordlnaLe sLaff and resources for one sLudy wlLh many parLlclpanLs or mulLlple sLudles
nurses wlLh advanced degrees are prepared Lo deslgn and conducL behavloral and lnLervenLlon research
as prlnclpal lnvesLlgaLors 8esearch roles for nurses are found ln academlc cenLers communlLy pracLlces
and Lhe pharmaceuLlcal lndusLry LducaLlon and Lralnlng opporLunlLles are found ln academlc cenLers
and Lhrough professlonal research organlzaLlons CerLlflcaLlon as a research professlonal can be
obLalned Lhrough organlzaLlons such as Lhe AssoclaLlon for Cllnlcal 8esearch rofesslonals
(wwwacrpneLorg) or SocleLy for Cllnlcal 8esearch AssoclaLes (wwwsocraorg) 1hls sesslon wlll presenL
dlscusslon of Lhe varleLy of roles avallable for nurses plannlng a career ln research