SOCIAL STUDIES

Amanda Cheryl Amy Aurora Nur Aina Gahamat Siti Nur Eaizaty Muhammad Khalid Ali

Tasks

UNITED NATION
historical

perspective (formation) member countries the organization international affairs

UNITED NATION

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE (formation)

The United Nations was established after World War II set up to coordinate inter-state cooperation on specific matters The objective of the United Nations are found equally in organizations or congresses that handle issues of war and peace of the time the Congress of Vienna in (18141815), the International Peace Bureau (1891) and the International Peace Conference held in The Hague in 1899 and 1907. immediate forerunner of the United Nations Organization was the League of Nations

the most universal international organization in diplomatic history came into formal existence on 24 October 1945, following ratification as provided for in Article 110 of the Charter. United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt first used the term United Nations. consists of 192 members.

The League failed to prevent World War II, which pitted the Allied and Associated Powers against the Axis Powers (Germany, Japan and Italy).

the Allied Powers met several times to discuss strategy in the war against the Axis Power (to maintain international peace and security in the post World War II era).

The United Nations Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 in San Francisco by 51 States

Member Countries
With the addition of South Sudan on 14 July 2011, there are currently 193 United Nations member states, including all fully recognized independent states apart from Vatican City (the Holy See, which holds sovereignty over the state of Vatican City, is a permanent observer).

193 countries involved (14th July 2011)

The rules of memberships:

Membership

in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states that accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations. The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

THE ORGANIZATION

Purposes
to maintain international peace and security to develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and selfdetermination of peoples. to cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems and in promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these ends.

Structure

Six principal organs of the United Nations.

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General Assembly of the United Nations - United Nations Security Council - United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) - The Trusteeship Council - United Nations International Court Of Justice - Secretariat

Leaders

Secretary-General : Ban Ki-moon Deputy Secretary-General : Asha-Rose Migiro General Assembly President : Joseph Deiss Security Council President : Emmanuel Issze-Ngondet

In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter.

24 October 1945, The United Nations officially formed when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories.

Charter. the constituting instrument of the Organization, setting out the rights and obligations of member states, and establishing the United Nations organs and pro procedures.

International Affairs

Purpose

International affairs are the ways to bring justice and law took on an aggressive role in the development of international arbitration of disputes and actual conflicts among nations by developing binding third-party arbitration

List Of Affairs Concerned by the United Nation

Abolition Of Torture
"The use of detention and imprisonment for the harassment and elimination of political opponents or other dissidents violates fundamental human rights. Condemns mistreatment or torture of persons by governments for any purpose violates Christian teaching and must be opposed by Christians, Churches and nation wherever and whenever it occurs.

Africa

Working with various groups and coalition to address poverty and conflict resolution in Africa. Participation in programs of missionary support, pastors salary supplementation, emergency relief, aid to refugees, reconstruction and sustainable and equitable development, and reconstruction on the continent of Africa.

Disarmaments
general to the act of reducing or dismantling arms and weaponries. Concerns on dismantling weaponry applicants towards citizens, children and the military. Disarmament to prevent factors that divides human society between the rich and the poor and the everincreasing gap between the developed and developing worlds pose a major threat to global prosperity, security and stability

Global Poverty & Hunger

Policies and trade rules that reduce poverty; protects workers, small producers and farmers, and the environment; and allows poor developing countries to protect their industries To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; universal primary education, gender equality, HIV/AIDS and malaria, child mortality; and environmental sustainability.

HIV&AIDS
Supporting legislation to establish a comprehensive and integrated HIV prevention strategy to address the vulnerabilities of women and girls in countries for which the United States provides assistance to combat HIV/AIDS, and for other purposes. Making available an AIDS survey that a compiles the activities addressing the AIDS

pandemic of all annual conferences in the U.S. and Central Conferences. Actively advocated for increased funding for AIDS prevention, care and treatment both globally and domestically.

Educating and informing the church and society about international human rights laws, procedures and mechanisms that enable its prophetic witness and empower its members who are in the struggle for human rights. Mobilizing the church and society around specific advocacies for human rights, particularly around the ratification of significant treaties and convention, including those of the rights of the child, of women, of indigenous peoples and migrant workers. Participating in the work of the UN Human Rights Council and its related bodies.

Indigenous People
Informing and educating the church and society about indigenous peoples around the world and their hopes, aspirations and struggles, through the work of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues at the United Nations. Participating in the work of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. Calling for the adoption by the General Assembly of the U.N. of the Draft United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which has already been approved by the new U.N. Human Rights Council.

Iraq

Thousands of lives have been lost and hundreds of billions of dollars have been spent in a war the United States initiated and never should have fought.
GBCS is working to end the war in Iraq through legislation, vigils and demonstrations

Middle East
Most militarized regions in the world and most arms sales occur. Participating in and sending delegations to the Middle East. We are working ecumenically and with interfaith religious leaders to encourage the U.S. government to make the settlement of the Israel-Palestine conflict a top priority. Providing resources to educate on the Israeli and Palestinian conflict: Working for a Just and Lasting Peace for Israelis and Palestinians. Mobilizing United Methodists to end the war in Iraq through prayers, vigils, demonstrations and communicating to their members of Congress

Nuclear Weapon
U.S. government leads the way for the global abolition of nuclear weapons by immediately making a plan for how to freeze, lock down, reduce, and eliminate nuclear weapons in a step-by-step process with ever increasing verification. Stops U.S. production of new nuclear weapons.

Sustainable Development
Informing and educating the church and society about the United Nations and its work on sustainable and social development. Popularizing the Millennium Development Goals and inviting the church connection to discover ways to help in fulfilling the goals. Engaging in follow up of the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development, including participation in the Second Global Conference on Financing for Development in Doha, Qatar.

Racism& Racial Discrimination

Monitoring the United Nations implementation of the Durban Program of Action, including participation in its follow up. Informing and educating the church and society about the global character of racism, including other issues that intersect and intertwine with this global sin and plague. Urging U.N. member states to ratify treaties and conventions that remedy, if not eradicate racism, including those treaties dealing with the rights of indigenous peoples.

The End