COMBUSTION IN CI ENGINE

Factors desired for ignition of fuel

High temperature Low atmospheric pressure Highly volatile fuel Atomization of fuel High cetane number

Design of intake port to maximize air swirl

1-fuel injector 2-intake port

The 4 Stages Of Combustion:

1. Ignition Delay Period:
-Definite period of inactivity -Divided into two parts
Physical Delay Chemical Delay

2. Period Of Uncontrolled Combustion:

-Pressure rise is rapid

3. Period Of Controlled Combustion:

-Pressure rise is controlled by injection rate

4. Period Of After Burning: -Unburt fuel starts burning after injection

Stages Of Combustion

Pressure Crank Angle Diagram Indicating Stages Of Combustion

Factors Affecting Delay Period

1. 2. 3. 4. Compression Ratio Engine Speed Power Output Injection Timing

5. Quality Of Fuel 6. Intake Pressure

7. Intake Temperature

The Phenomenon Of Knock In CI Engine

Cetane Number
By definition, isocetane (heptamethylnonane, HMN) has a cetane number of 15 and cetane (nhexadecane, C16H34) has a value of 100. In the original procedures a-methylnaphtalene (C11H10) with a cetane number of zero represented the bottom of the scale. This has since been replaced by HMN which is a more stable compound. The higher the CN the better the ignition quality, i.e., shorter ignition delay. The cetane number is given by: CN = (% hexadecane) +0.15 (%HMN)

Measurement Of Cetane Number

The method employed to measure CN uses a standardized single-cylinder engine with variable compression ratio The operating condition is: Inlet temperature (oC) Speed (rpm) Start of fuel injection (oBTC) Coolant temperature (oC) Injection pressure (MPa) 65.6 900 13 100 10.3

With the engine running at these conditions on the test fuel, the compression ratio is varied until combustion starts at TC ignition delay period of 13o. The above procedure is repeated using blends of cetane and HMN. The blend that gives a 13o ignition delay with the same compression ratio is used to calculate the test fuel cetane number.

Characteristics Tending to Reduce

Knock
Inlet Pressure High Inlet Temperature High Compression Ratio High Speed, rpm Low Cylinder size Large