Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TRNG HKTCN
KHOA IN T
N MN HC
Mn hc:
H thng nhng
B Mn:
K thut My tnh
Lp: K43KDT
Ngnh:
S :
Ngy giao : 16/03/2011
Ngy hon thnh: .
1.Tn ti: Thit k v xy dng h thng iu khin n giao thng
2. Ni dung thuyt minh tnh ton
-
La chn gii php: Chn gii php cng ngh, gii php thit k, cc yu
cu v gii hn cho h thng
Thit k k thut:
3. Cc bn v, chng trnh v th
-
ng cho bo v
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ngy
Thng
Nm 20...
(K ghi r h tn)
Ngy
Thng
Nm 20...
(K ghi r h tn)
LI CM N
Li u tin chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy Nguyn Tin Duy cng
thy c b mn khoa in T Trng i Hc K Thut Cng Nghip Thi
Nguyn.
Trong qu trnh thc hin n nhm chng em gp khng t kh khn v
thiu st .Nhng c s hng dn v ch dy nhit tnh ca qu thy c gip
chng em khc phc c nhng thiu st v c th hon thnh c ti ng
thi hn, gip chng em hc tt hn.
Do kin thc ca nhm chng em cn hn ch nn trong n cn nhiu sai
xt chng em rt mong c s thng cm ca qu thy c. Chng Em xin chn
thnh cm n.
MC LC
1.3. CC GII PHP V XC NH BI TON ................................................................7
1.3.1.Cc gii php.............................................................................................................7
1.3.2. Xc nh bi ton v gii hn ca ti...................................................................7
2.2. S KHI (CALL GRAPH)..................................................................................9
2.3. S C T CA H THNG..............................................................................9
2.4. CC MODULE TRONG H THNG.........................................................................10
2.4.1.Module iu khin trung tm....................................................................................10
2.4.3. Module khi ngun.................................................................................................13
2.5.1.Cc linh kin trong khi iu khin trung tm..........................................................15
2.5.3. Cc linh kin trong b hin th.................................................................................27
LI NI U
Ngy nay, khi nim k thut s tr thnh quen thuc vi nhiu ngi, bi
v s pht trin ca ngnh k thut s ny c nh hng rt ln n ngnh kinh
t ton cu. C ngi nu ln tng gi nn kinh t ca thi i chng ta l
nn kinh t k thut s , s ha gn nh vt khi ranh gii ca mt thut
ng k thut . Nh c u im ca x l s nh tin cy trong truyn dn, tnh a
thch nghi v kinh t ca nhiu phn mm khc nhau, tnh tin li trong iu khin
v khai thc mng.
S ha ang l xu hng pht trin tt yu ca nhiu lnh vc k thut v kinh
t khc nhau. Khng ch trong lnh vc thng tin lin lc v tin hc. Ngy nay, k
tht s v ang thm nhp mnh m vo K thut in t, iu khin t ng,
pht thanh truyn hnh, y t, nng nghipv ngay c trong cc dng c sinh hot
gia nh.
Ngay t nhng ngy u khai sinh, k thut s ni ring v ngnh in t ni
chung to ra nhiu bc t ph mi m cho cc ngng kinh t khc v cn m
bo c yu cu ca ngi dng c v cht lng v dch v. ng thi kin thc
v k thut s l khng th thiu i vi mi sinh vin, nht l sinh vin in t.
V nh mi ngi nhn thy rng, ngy nay trt t giao thng nc ta ang ri
ren. V vy vic s dng n giao thng ti nhng giao l l rt cn thit v hiu
r hn v nguyn l hot ng v mun pht trin thm v m hnh ny, chng em
chn ti cho n mn hc 1 l nghin cu v n Giao Thng .
Ni dung chnh ca bi bo co c chia thnh cc phn chnh sau:
Li ni u
Chng 1 : Phn tch v yu cu ca n v cc gii php
a ra thc hin.
Chng 2 : Thit k h thng
Chng 3 : Xy dng h thng
Kt lun v cc hng pht trin hon thin ti
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti c th khng trnh c cc thiu st v mc
hon thnh ti, mong qu thy c xem xt v c th a ra nhn xt chng
em c th khc phc c nhng thiu st v c th hon thin cng nh m
rng ti sau ny
X l
u ra
b. Gii hn ca ti
Mch thc hin cha chy t ng cc ch hot ng theo gi nh, mun
chuyn ch hot ng ca h thng n giao thng yu cu ngi iu khin phi
n nt iu chnh trn khi bn phm iu khin cc ch hot ng theo gi.
Khi hin th: Hin th chnh xc thi gian trn led 7 on v tn hiu n giao
thng trn led n
Khi gii m: s dng IC74LS247 thc hin vic gii m BCD sang thp
phn v hin th cc trng thi thp phn trn LED 7 thanh.
Led
Display
Controller
Keypad
Routines
7
Segm
ent
Controller
Led
Display
Keypad
7
Segm
ent
10
12
14
16
17
d. T chc b nh
Cu trc b nh ca vi iu khin PIC16F877A bao gm b nh chng trnh
(Programmemory) v b nh d liu (Data Memory).
B nh chng trnh
B nh chng trnh ca vi iu khin
PIC16F877A l b nh flash, dung lng b
nh 8K word (1 word = 14 bit) v c phn
thnh nhiu trang (t page0 n page 3) .
Nh vy b nh chng trnh c kh nng
cha c 8*1024 = 8192 lnh (v mt lnh
sau khi m ha s c dung lng 1 word (14
bit).
m ha c a ch ca 8K word
b nh chng trnh, b m chng trnh c
dung lng 13 bit (PC<12:0>).
Khi vi iu khin c reset, b m
chng trnh s ch n a ch 0000h (Reset
vector). Khi c ngt xy ra, b m chng
trnh s ch n a ch 0004h (Interrupt
vector).
Hnh 11. B nh chng trnh PIC.
B nh d liu
B nh d liu ca PIC l b nh EEPROM c chia ra lm nhiu
bank. i viPIC16F877A b nh d liu c chia ra lm 4 bank. Mi bank
c dung lng 128 byte, baogm cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit SFG
(Special Function Register) nm cc vnga ch thp v cc thanh ghi mc
ch chung GPR (General Purpose Register) nm vnga ch cn li trong
bank. Cc thanh ghi SFR thng xuyn c s dng (v d nh thanh ghi
STATUS) s c t tt c cc bank ca b nh d liu gip thun tin
trong qutrnh truy xut v lm gim bt lnh ca chng trnh. S c th
ca b nh d liu
PIC16F877A nh sau:
18
19
TRISB (a ch 86h,186h)
: iu khin xut nhp
OPTION_REG (a ch 81h,181h) : iu khin ngt ngoi vi v b
Timer0.
PORTC
PORTC (RPC) gm 8 pin I/O. Thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp tng ng l
TRISC. Bn cnh PORTC cn cha cc chn chc nng ca b so snh, b
Timer1, b PWM v cc chun giao tip ni tip I2C, SPI, SSP, USART.
Cc thanh ghi iu khin lin quan n PORTC:
PORTC (a ch 07h) : cha gi tr cc pin trong PORTC
TRISC (a ch 87h) : iu khin xut nhp.
PORTD
PORTD (RPD) gm 8 chn I/O, thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp tng ng l
TRISD. PORTD cn l cng xut d liu ca chun giao tip PSP (Parallel Slave
Port).
Cc thanh ghi lin quan n PORTD bao gm:
Thanh ghi PORTD: cha gi tr cc pin trong PORTD.
Thanh ghi TRISD : iu khin xut nhp.
Thanh ghi TRISE : iu khin xut nhp PORTE v chun giao tip PSP.
PORTE
PORTE (RPE) gm 3 chn I/O. Thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp tng ng l
TRISE. Cc chn ca PORTE c ng vo analog. Bn cnh PORTE cn l cc
chn iu khin ca chun giao tip PSP.
Cc thanh ghi lin quan n PORTE bao gm:
PORTE
TRISE
21
23
(T1CON<2>).
Khi T1SYNC =1 xung m ly t bn ngoi s khng c ng b ha vi
xung clock bn trong, Timer1 s tip tc qu trnh m khi vi iu khin ang ch
sleep v ngt do Timer1 to ra khi b trn c kh nng nh thc vi iu khin.
ch m bt ng b, Timer1 khng th c s dng lm ngun xung
clock cho khi CCP (Capture/Compare/Pulse width modulation).
Khi T1SYNC =0 xung m vo Timer1 s c ng b ha vi xung clock
bn trong. ch ny Timer1 s khng hot ng khi vi iu khin ang ch
sleep.
Cc thanh ghi lin quan n Timer1 bao gm:
INTCON (a ch 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh): cho php ngt hot ng
(GIE v PEIE).
PIR1 (a ch 0Ch): cha c ngt Timer1 (TMR1IF).
PIE1( a ch 8Ch): cho php ngt Timer1 (TMR1IE).
TMR1L (a ch 0Eh): cha gi tr 8 bit thp ca b m Timer1.
TMR1H (a ch 0Eh): cha gi tr 8 bit cao ca b m Timer1.
T1CON (a ch 10h): xc lp cc thng s cho Timer1
h. TIMER2
Timer2 l b nh thi 8 bit v c h tr bi hai b chia tn s prescaler v
postscaler. Thanh ghi cha gi tr m ca Timer2 l TMR2. Bit cho php ngt
Timer2 tc ng l TMR2ON (T2CON<2>). C ngt ca Timer2 l bit TMR2IF
(PIR1<1>). Xung ng vo (tn s bng tn s oscillator) c a qua b chia
tn s prescaler 4 bit (vi cc t s chia tn s l 1:1, 1:4 hoc 1:16 v c iu
khin bi cc bit T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0 (T2CON<1:0>)).
C1
OSC1
22pF
C2
X1
CRYSTAL
OSC2
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
= 0x07.7
34
#bit
#bit
#bit
#bit
#bit
#bit
#bit
C6
C5
C4
C0
C1
C2
C3
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0x07.6
0x07.5
0x07.4
0x07.0
0x07.1
0x07.2
0x07.3
#bit
#bit
#bit
#bit
#bit
#bit
#bit
#bit
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0x08.7
0x08.6
0x08.5P
0x08.4
0x08.3
0x08.2
0x08.1
0x08.0
void ext_isr()
{
mode++;
if (mode==2) mode=0;
}
//cac ham chuong trinh con//
void tach_led()
{
chuca=a/10;
//tach lay so hang chuc
dvia=a%10;
//tach lay so hang don vi
chucb=b/10;
dvib=b%10;
}
void quet_led()
{
while(true)
{
for(i=0;i<=68;i=i+1)
{
porta=chuca;
//dua so hang chuc ra led 7
thanh
d0=1;
//bat led o vi tri hang chuc
delay_ms(3);
//delay khoang 3ms
d0=0;
//tat led o vi tri hang chuc
porta=dvia;
//tuong tu nhu tren.
d1=1;
delay_ms(3);
d1=0;
porta=chucb;
d2=1;
delay_ms(3);
d2=0;
porta=dvib;
d3=1;
delay_ms(3);
d3=0;
}
a=a-1;
//thuc hien dem lui thoi gian
b=b-1;
//thuc hien dem lui thoi gian
break;
}
}
36
void a_xanh()
{
a=temp1;
//gan cho a bien tam temp1
b=temp2;
//gan cho b bien tam temp2. Cac bien tam nay
dung de luu gia tri thoi gian hien thi .
while(true)
{
c2=1;
//mo den xanh cua lan duong 1 danh cho xe
c3=1;
//bat den do cua lan duong 2 danh cho xe
if(a==0)
{
c2=0;
//khi thoi gian dem lui het thi tat cac den bao
d6=0;
break;
}
else
tach_led();
//goi chuong trinh con tach thoi chuyen so
BCD thanh so HEX cho led 7 doan
quet_led(); //goi chuong trinh con dua du lieu ra led 7
doan de hien thi
}
}
void a_vang()
{
a=3;
//cai dat thoi gian den vang la 3s
b=3;
while(true)
{
c1=1;
d7=1;
if(a==0)
{
c1=0;
c3=0;
d5=0;
d6=0;
break;
}
else
tach_led();
quet_led();
}
37
}
void b_xanh()
{
a=temp3;
b=temp4;
while(true)
{
c5=1;
c0=1;
d4=1;
d7=1;
if(b==0)
{
c5=0;
d4=0;
break;
}
else
tach_led();
quet_led();
}
}
void b_vang()
{
a=3;
b=3;
while(true)
{
c4=1;
d5=1;
if(b==0)
{
c4=0;
d5=0;
c0=0;
d7=0;
break;
}
else
tach_led();
quet_led();
38
}
void normal()
{
while(1)
{
temp1=20; //thoi gian sang den xanh luc binh thuong la
20s
temp2=23; //thoi gian sang den do luc binh thuong la 23s
temp3=23;
temp4=20;
a_xanh(); //goi chuong trinh con sang den xanh,do cua lan
duong 1
a_vang(); //goi chuong trinh con sang den vang cua lan
duong 1
b_xanh(); //goi chuong trinh con sang den xanh,do cua lan
duong 2
b_vang(); //goi chuong trinh con sang den vang cua lan
duong 2
}
}
void caodiem()
{
while(1)
{
temp1=47;
//thoi gian sang den xanh luc cao diem la 47s
temp2=50;
//thoi gian sang den do luc cao diem la 50s
temp3=50;
temp4=47;
a_xanh();
a_vang();
b_xanh();
b_vang();
}
}
void freetime()
{
while(1)
{
portc=0x00;
c1=1;
//bat den vang
c4=1;
delay_ms(500);
//delay 0,5s
39
c1=0;
c4=0;
delay_ms(500);
}
}
void program1()
{
if(!B5)
{
delay_ms(100);
portc=0x00;portb=0xe1;portd=0x00;
b1=1;c2=1;c3=1;;c6=1;
d7=0;d4=0;d6=1;d5=1;
}
if(!B6)
{
delay_ms(100);
portc=0x00;portb=0xe1;portd=0x00;
b2=1;c5=1;c0=1;c6=1;
d7=1;d4=1;d6=0;d5=0;
}
if(!B7)
{
delay_ms(100);
portc=0x00;
portb=0xe1;
b3=1;d4=0;d7=0;d5=0;d6=0;
freetime();
}
}
void program2()
{
if(!B5)
{
delay_ms(100);
porta=0x00;portb=0xe1;
portc=0x00;portd=0x0f;
b1=1;c7=1;
normal();
}
if(!B6)
40
}
//ham setup//
void setup()
{
portb=0xE1;
chan ngat cho portb//
while(1)
{
switch (mode)
{
case 0:
c7=1;
c6=0;
program2();
break;
case 1:
c6=1;
c7=0;
program1();
break;
}
}
}
//khu vuc chuong trinh chinh//
void main()
{
//che do auto
//che do manual
41
trisa=0x00;trisc=0x00;trisd=0x00;trisb=0xe1;
bao cac thanh ghi//
portd=0x00;portc=0x00;porta=0;portb=0xe1;
//cac khai bao ngat//
enable_interrupts(GLOBAL);
enable_interrupts(INT_EXT);
ext_int_edge(0,H_TO_L);
while(1)
{
setup();
}
}
//khai
42
43
3.2. KT QU M PHNG
3.2.1.Mch iu khin giao thng chay ch gi thp im(BT)
44
NH GI V KT LUN
Sau thi gian thc hin, ti c nhng kt qu nht nh, em xy
dng c m n giao thng ( nh hnh) vi nhng tnh nng nh sau:
Hin th chnh xc thi gian trn led 7 on v tn hiu n giao thng
trn led n
C kh nng ci t li thi gian hin th ca n v n xanh, v
ci t thi gian hin ti thng qua bn phm ma trn.
Ngoi ra n cn c ch iu khin bng tay thng qua nt nhn
Manual mode, s dng khi kt ng. Ch hin th n vng trong
khong thi gian t 23h n 5h sng hm sau.
45
46
47