Mt trong nhng vn quan trng c nh hng n chnh xc ca mt h thng

nhn dng ting ni chnh l vn d tm dim bt u v kt thc ca mt on tn

hiu ting ni hay ni cch khc l bi ton loi b khong lng trong tn hiu. Nhng kt
qu ti t ca bi ton loi b khong lng, v d nh: tn hiu ting ni b ct ct qu
nhiu hoc c ln qu nhiu khong lng s lm sai lch kt qu nhn dng. Bi ton ny
thot nghe c v tm thng nhng thc t li l mt trong nhng bi ton rt kh trong
thc t c bit l trong nhng mi trng c n cao, mt khc tc cng l mt vn
khi thc hin cc gii thut loi b khong lng thi gian thc, khng xy ra kh
nng b mt mu khi ghi m c kt hp d tm khong lng th tc thc thi ca gii
thut phi khng c php chm hn tc ly mu, tc l khng qu 1 giy x l
44100 mu trn T-Engine, y thc s cng l mt trong nhng bi ton ti u tng
i kh khn so vi vic ci t cc h nhn dng trn my tnh PC.
Thng thng bi ton ny c gii quyt nh s dng hm nng lng ngn hn hoc
tn sut vt im khng ca tn hiu. Cc i lng ny c tnh nh sau:

2
1
2
1
1
1
( ) ( ) (3.2)
( ) ( ) (3.3)
1 | sgn[ ( )] - sgn[s(n-1)]
( ) (3.4)
2
m
S
n m L
m
S
n m L
m
s
n m L
P m s n
L
E m s n
s n
Z m
L
= +
= +
= +
=
=
=

Vi:

1 s(n) 0
sgn[s( )] (3.5)
1 s(n) < 0
n
>

Cc i lng ni trn c tnh cho mi khung tn hiu c di trong khong vi
chc ms (thng thng chn 20-30 ms). Cc gi tr nng lng ngn hn E s ln trong
khong tn hiu ting ni v nh trong khong tn hiu lng. Trong khi gi tr Z hay
tn sut vt im khng nh gi s ln chuyn i ca tn hiu qua gi tr 0 c xu
hng ln trong khong tn hiu lng. Vi gi thit rng 10 khung tn hiu u tin l
khong lng, gii thut loi b khong lng c tin hnh nh sau:

s
W( ) ( )(1 ( )) (3.6)
s s c
m P m Z m S =
Vi gi tr S
c
c khong 1000.

Ngng kch hot cho hm W c tnh bi:
W w w
t oo = +
, trong , o tng ng l
gi tr trung bnh v phng sai ca W tnh cho 10 khung tn hiu u tin, o l mt hng
s c nh ngha bi:
0.8
W
0.2 o o =
. Vi cc nh ngha trn th hm quyt nh ngng
tn hiu c xc nh nh sau:


s w
s w
(3.7)
1 W( )

0 W( )
m t
VAD
m t

>
=
<


Hnh 3.7 Gii thut loi b khong lng v cc i lng